{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T19:35:18Z","timestamp":1765827318043,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]},"DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2014-310142","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,30]],"date-time":"2015-04-30T02:31:34Z","timestamp":1430361094000},"page":"461-467","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["DIR-visible grey matter lesions and atrophy in multiple sclerosis: partners in crime?"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"87","author":[{"given":"Steven H P","family":"van de Pavert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nils","family":"Muhlert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Varun","family":"Sethi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claudia A M","family":"Wheeler-Kingshott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7676-7860","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gerard R","family":"Ridgway","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeroen J G","family":"Geurts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Ron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tarek A","family":"Yousry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alan J","family":"Thompson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David H","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Declan T","family":"Chard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Olga","family":"Ciccarelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2014-310142-1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1082","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(12)70230-2","article-title":"Measurement and clinical effect of grey matter pathology in multiple sclerosis","volume":"11","author":"Geurts","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2014-310142-2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1093\/jnen\/62.7.723","article-title":"Subpial demyelination in the cerebral cortex of multiple sclerosis patients","volume":"62","author":"B\u00f8","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Neuropathol Exp Neurol"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2014-310142-3","first-page":"572","article-title":"Cortical lesions in multiple sclerosis: combined postmortem MR imaging and histopathology","volume":"26","author":"Geurts","year":"2005","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2014-310142-4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31824528a0","article-title":"Postmortem verification of MS cortical lesion detection with 3D DIR","volume":"78","author":"Seewann","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2014-310142-5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1234","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181f5d4da","article-title":"Imaging distribution and frequency of cortical lesions in patients with multiple sclerosis","volume":"75","author":"Calabrese","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2014-310142-6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21906","article-title":"A 3-year magnetic resonance imaging study of cortical lesions in relapse-onset multiple sclerosis","volume":"67","author":"Calabrese","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2014-310142-7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurol.2008.562","article-title":"Contribution of white matter lesions to gray matter atrophy in multiple sclerosis: evidence from voxel-based analysis of T1 lesions in the visual pathway","volume":"66","author":"Sepulcre","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2014-310142-8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1485","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458513478673","article-title":"White-matter lesions drive deep gray-matter atrophy in early multiple sclerosis: support from structural MRI","volume":"19","author":"M\u00fchlau","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2014-310142-9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"960","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000237551.26858.39","article-title":"Neocortical neuronal, synaptic, and glial loss in multiple sclerosis","volume":"67","author":"Wegner","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2014-310142-10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.22366","article-title":"Diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis: 2010 revisions to the McDonald criteria","volume":"69","author":"Polman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2014-310142-11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1444","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.33.11.1444","article-title":"Rating neurologic impairment in multiple sclerosis: an expanded disability status scale (EDSS)","volume":"33","author":"Kurtzke","year":"1983","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2014-310142-12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1983.tb09716.x","article-title":"The hospital anxiety and depression scale","volume":"67","author":"Zigmond","year":"1983","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand"},{"volume-title":"The Hayling and Brixton tests. Test manual","year":"1997","author":"Burgess","key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2014-310142-13"},{"volume-title":"Stroop neuropsychological screening test manual","year":"1989","author":"Trennery","key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2014-310142-14"},{"volume-title":"Symbol digit modalities test (SDMT): manual (revised)","year":"1982","author":"Smith","key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2014-310142-15"},{"volume-title":"The adult memory and information processing battery (AMIPB)","year":"1985","author":"Coughlan","key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2014-310142-16"},{"volume-title":"Manual for recognition memory test","year":"1984","author":"Warrington","key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2014-310142-17"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2014-310142-18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.22214","article-title":"Reducing the impact of white matter lesions on automated measures of brain gray and white matter volumes","volume":"32","author":"Chard","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Magn Reson Imaging"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2014-310142-19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2007.07.007","article-title":"A fast diffeomorphic image registration algorithm","volume":"38","author":"Ashburner","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2014-310142-20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458514546513","article-title":"Regional patterns of grey matter atrophy and magnetisation transfer ratio abnormalities in multiple sclerosis clinical subgroups: a voxel-based analysis study","volume":"21","author":"Mallik","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2014-310142-21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31820a0cc4","article-title":"Consensus recommendations for MS cortical lesion scoring using double inversion recovery MRI","volume":"76","author":"Geurts","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2014-310142-22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2014.01.060","article-title":"Permutation inference for the general linear model","volume":"92","author":"Winkler","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2014-310142-23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.09.011","article-title":"Biological parametric mapping: a statistical toolbox for multimodality brain image analysis","volume":"34","author":"Casanova","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2014-310142-24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617709090535","article-title":"Examination of processing speed deficits in multiple sclerosis using functional magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"15","author":"Genova","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Int Neuropsychol Soc"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2014-310142-25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458507084263","article-title":"A longitudinal fMRI study of the paced auditory serial addition task","volume":"14","author":"Cardinal","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2014-310142-26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(02)00569-X","article-title":"Whole brain segmentation: automated labeling of neuroanatomical structures in the human brain","volume":"33","author":"Fischl","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2014-310142-27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.01.021","article-title":"An automated labeling system for subdividing the human cerebral cortex on MRI scans into gyral based regions of interest","volume":"31","author":"Desikan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2014-310142-28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2008.04.173","article-title":"A voxel-based morphometry study of grey matter loss in MS patients with different clinical phenotypes","volume":"42","author":"Ceccarelli","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2014-310142-29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1495","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-006-0264-2","article-title":"Localization of grey matter atrophy in early RRMS: a longitudinal study","volume":"253","author":"Audoin","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2014-310142-30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2005.10.032","article-title":"Evidence for a direct association between cortical atrophy and cognitive impairment in relapsing-remitting MS","volume":"30","author":"Morgen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2014-310142-31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1734","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awg175","article-title":"Focal thinning of the cerebral cortex in multiple sclerosis","volume":"126","author":"Sailer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2014-310142-32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1212","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-006-0503-6","article-title":"Cortical atrophy is relevant in multiple sclerosis at clinical onset","volume":"254","author":"Calabrese","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2014-310142-33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.63.8.1175","article-title":"Regional gray matter atrophy in early primary progressive multiple sclerosis: a voxel-based morphometry study","volume":"63","author":"Sepulcre","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2014-310142-34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-006-0408-4","article-title":"Normal-appearing white and grey matter damage in MS. A volumetric and diffusion tensor MRI study at 3.0 Tesla","volume":"254","author":"Ceccarelli","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2014-310142-35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470773666","volume-title":"Statistical methods in medical research","author":"Armitage","year":"2002","edition":"4"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2014-310142-36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1560","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.08.065","article-title":"Functional topography of the cerebellum for motor and cognitive tasks: an fMRI study","volume":"59","author":"Stoodley","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2014-310142-37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2013-306662","article-title":"Memory in multiple sclerosis is linked to glutamate concentration in grey matter regions","volume":"85","author":"Muhlert","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2014-310142-38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2014-308169","article-title":"The grey matter correlates of impaired decision-making in multiple sclerosis","volume":"86","author":"Muhlert","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2014-310142-39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1386","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2014-307712","article-title":"Multiple sclerosis deep grey matter: the relation between demyelination, neurodegeneration, inflammation and iron","volume":"85","author":"Haider","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2014-310142-40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2012-303023","article-title":"Improved detection of cortical MS lesions with phase-sensitive inversion recovery MRI","volume":"83","author":"Sethi","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2014-310142-41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1682\/JRRD.2004.11.0148","article-title":"Cognition and fatigue in multiple sclerosis: potential effects of medications with central nervous system activity","volume":"43","author":"Oken","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Rehabil Res Dev"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery &amp; Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/jnnp-2014-310142","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,8]],"date-time":"2024-06-08T17:56:55Z","timestamp":1717869415000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jnnp.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/jnnp-2014-310142"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,29]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,14]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/jnnp-2014-310142"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jnnp-2014-310142","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3050","1468-330X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0022-3050"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1468-330X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,29]]}}}