{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:28:32Z","timestamp":1792787312669,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"4","funder":[{"name":"UCB Pharma, Monheim am Rhein, Germany"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,17]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Impulse control disorders\/other compulsive behaviours (\u2018ICD behaviours\u2019) occur in Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD), but prospective studies are scarce, and prevalence and clinical characteristics of patients are insufficiently defined.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess the presence of ICD behaviours over a 2-year period, and evaluate patients\u2019 clinical characteristics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A prospective, non-interventional, multicentre study (ICARUS (Impulse Control disorders And the association of neuRopsychiatric symptoms, cognition and qUality of life in ParkinSon disease); SP0990) in treated Italian PD outpatients. Study visits: baseline, year 1, year 2. Surrogate primary variable: presence of ICD behaviours and five ICD subtypes assessed by modified Minnesota Impulsive Disorder Interview (mMIDI).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>1069\/1095 (97.6%) patients comprised the Full Analysis Set. Point prevalence of ICD behaviours (mMIDI; primary analysis) was stable across visits: 28.6% (306\/1069) at baseline, 29.3% (292\/995) at year 1, 26.5% (245\/925) at year 2. The most prevalent subtype was compulsive eating, followed by punding, compulsive sexual behaviour, gambling and buying disorder. Patients who were ICD positive at baseline were more likely to be male, younger, younger at PD onset, have longer disease duration, more severe non-motor symptoms (including mood and sexual function), depressive symptoms, sleep impairment and poorer PD-related quality of life. However, they did not differ from the ICD-negative patients in their severity of PD functional disability, motor performance and cognitive function.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prevalence of ICD behaviours was relatively stable across the 2-year observational period. ICD-positive patients had more severe depression, poorer sleep quality and reduced quality of life.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2016-315277","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,18]],"date-time":"2017-03-18T03:20:34Z","timestamp":1489807234000},"page":"317-324","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":153,"title":["ICARUS study: prevalence and clinical features of impulse control disorders in Parkinson\u2019s disease"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"88","author":[{"given":"Angelo","family":"Antonini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Barone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ubaldo","family":"Bonuccelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karin","family":"Annoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahnaz","family":"Asgharnejad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Stanzione","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mirko","family":"Avesani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Palandin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024031200251738000_88.4.317.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26016"},{"key":"2024031200251738000_88.4.317.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.12968\/hmed.2013.74.3.160","article-title":"Managing impulse control behaviours in Parkinson's disease: practical guidelines","volume":"74","author":"Macphee","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br J Hosp Med"},{"key":"2024031200251738000_88.4.317.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurol.2010.65"},{"key":"2024031200251738000_88.4.317.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21872"},{"key":"2024031200251738000_88.4.317.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22571"},{"key":"2024031200251738000_88.4.317.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Weintraub D , Rektorova I . Impulse control disorders and related behaviors. In: Weintraub D , Rektorova I , eds. Neuropsychiatric and Cognitive Changes in Parkinson's Disease and Related Movement Disorders: Cambridge University Press, 2013:140\u201352.","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781139856669.014"},{"key":"2024031200251738000_88.4.317.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000218206.20920.4d"},{"key":"2024031200251738000_88.4.317.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2013.09.006"},{"key":"2024031200251738000_88.4.317.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.63.7.969"},{"key":"2024031200251738000_88.4.317.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2011.07.009"},{"key":"2024031200251738000_88.4.317.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JCP.0b013e3182979830"},{"key":"2024031200251738000_88.4.317.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WNF.0b013e31826e6e6d"},{"key":"2024031200251738000_88.4.317.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nrl.2015.05.002","article-title":"[Clinical and psychopathological factors associated with impulse control disorders in Parkinson's disease]","volume":"31","author":"S\u00e1ez-Franc\u00e0s","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurologia"},{"key":"2024031200251738000_88.4.317.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2009.06.074"},{"key":"2024031200251738000_88.4.317.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-012-6645-9"},{"key":"2024031200251738000_88.4.317.16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-2327.144311","article-title":"Impulse control disorders and related behaviours (ICD-RBs) in Parkinson's disease patients: Assessment using \"Questionnaire for impulsive-compulsive disorders in Parkinson's disease\" (QUIP)","volume":"18","author":"Sharma","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Indian Acad Neurol"},{"key":"2024031200251738000_88.4.317.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2011.09.007"},{"key":"2024031200251738000_88.4.317.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-006-0022-y"},{"key":"2024031200251738000_88.4.317.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31827b915c"},{"key":"2024031200251738000_88.4.317.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.23501"},{"key":"2024031200251738000_88.4.317.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1756285613476127"},{"key":"2024031200251738000_88.4.317.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26154"},{"key":"2024031200251738000_88.4.317.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26068"},{"key":"2024031200251738000_88.4.317.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2007.05.006"},{"key":"2024031200251738000_88.4.317.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(09)70225-X"},{"key":"2024031200251738000_88.4.317.26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2016.03.032","article-title":"Pathological gambling in Parkinson's disease patients: dopaminergic medication or personality traits fault?","volume":"366","author":"Brusa","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"2024031200251738000_88.4.317.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.25291"},{"key":"2024031200251738000_88.4.317.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2015-311827"},{"key":"2024031200251738000_88.4.317.29","first-page":"5","article-title":"Compulsive buying: descriptive characteristics and psychiatric comorbidity","volume":"55","author":"Christenson","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"2024031200251738000_88.4.317.30","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association. ed , Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 4th ed. Washington, DC, 1994."},{"key":"2024031200251738000_88.4.317.31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000238503.20816.13"},{"key":"2024031200251738000_88.4.317.32","first-page":"242","article-title":"Compulsive buying: a report of 20 cases","volume":"55","author":"McElroy","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"2024031200251738000_88.4.317.33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2007.129015"},{"key":"2024031200251738000_88.4.317.34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00224499909551963"},{"key":"2024031200251738000_88.4.317.35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-009-0102-9","article-title":"Prevalence, clinical correlations, comorbidities, and suicidal tendencies in pathological Korean gamblers: results from the Korean Epidemiologic Catchment Area Study","volume":"45","author":"Park","year":"2010","journal-title":"Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol"},{"key":"2024031200251738000_88.4.317.36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2014.11.006"},{"key":"2024031200251738000_88.4.317.37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2013.03.004"},{"key":"2024031200251738000_88.4.317.38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26160","article-title":"Long-term cognitive follow-up of Parkinson's disease patients with impulse control disorders","volume":"30","author":"Siri","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"2024031200251738000_88.4.317.39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.23567"},{"key":"2024031200251738000_88.4.317.40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2013.06.018"},{"key":"2024031200251738000_88.4.317.41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.13078"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2016-315277corr1","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,5]],"date-time":"2024-03-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709596800000}}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery &amp; Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/jnnp-2016-315277","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,22]],"date-time":"2024-06-22T23:09:18Z","timestamp":1719097758000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jnnp.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/jnnp-2016-315277"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,17]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,17]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/jnnp-2016-315277"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jnnp-2016-315277","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3050","1468-330X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3050","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-330X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,17]]}}}