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Recently, the research in autoimmune neuropathies has been boosted by reports of patients carrying immunoglobulin G4 antibodies against paranodal axo\u2013glial proteins with distinct phenotypes and showing loss of transverse bands, terminal myelin loop detachment, nodal widening and axonal loss. These patients have been classified up to now as chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy but, in our opinion, better fit into the nodo-paranodopathy category because nerve injury is due to dismantling of the paranode, segmental de-remyelination is absent and the pathogenic mechanism is not inflammatory. Evidence from nerve conductions and electron microscopy studies in patients and mutant animal models can reconcile the apparent contrast between the electrophysiological \u2018demyelinating\u2019 features, explainable just by the paranodal involvement and the axonal pathology. These patients broaden the autoimmune nodo-paranodopathy category and re-emphasise the usage of the term that pointing to the site of nerve injury reminds specific pathophysiological mechanisms, reconciles contrasting electrophysiological and pathological findings, and avoids misdiagnosis and taxonomic confusion. In our opinion, the nodo-paranodopathy term more adequately classifies the peripheral nerve disorders due to an autoimmune attack directed and limited to the nodal region integrating the traditional classification of peripheral neuropathies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2017-317192","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,16]],"date-time":"2017-12-16T17:20:26Z","timestamp":1513444826000},"page":"627-635","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":86,"title":["Autoimmune nodo-paranodopathies of peripheral nerve: the concept is gaining ground"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"89","author":[{"given":"Antonino","family":"Uncini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Michel","family":"Vallat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020050722301602000_89.6.627.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2013.03.025"},{"key":"2020050722301602000_89.6.627.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2014-310097"},{"key":"2020050722301602000_89.6.627.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.23794"},{"key":"2020050722301602000_89.6.627.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000000205"},{"key":"2020050722301602000_89.6.627.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/aww189"},{"key":"2020050722301602000_89.6.627.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/122.3.449"},{"key":"2020050722301602000_89.6.627.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awf258"},{"key":"2020050722301602000_89.6.627.8","first-page":"1168","article-title":"Contributions \u00e0 l histologie et \u00e0 la physiologie des nerfs p\u00e9riph\u00e9riques. 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