{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T16:34:24Z","timestamp":1789835664940,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients with Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome (GBS) may suffer from respiratory failure for months or longer. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency, clinical course and outcome of patients with GBS requiring prolonged mechanical ventilation (MV).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prospectively collected data from 526 patients with GBS participating in previous trials were analysed to determine the frequency and duration of prolonged MV (longer than 2 months). In addition, a cross-sectional study was conducted in patients with GBS requiring MV to determine the clinical course and long-term outcome with the ability to walk unaided as primary endpoint.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In the cohort study, 145 of 526 patients with GBS (28%) required MV, including 33 (6%) patients with prolonged MV. Patients requiring prolonged MV had a lower Medical Research Council sum score and more frequent bulbar involvement and inexcitable nerves compared with shorter ventilated patients. At 6\u2009months, 18% of patients with prolonged MV were able to walk unaided compared with 76% of patients requiring shorter MV (P&lt;0.001). In the cross-sectional study, 63 patients requiring MV were included with a median follow-up of 11 years (range 2\u201344 years). Twenty-six (41%) of these patients needed prolonged MV (median 93 days, range 62\u2013261). Fifteen (58%) of these patients were able to walk unaided at maximum follow-up and eight (31%) reached this endpoint more than 1\u2009year after diagnosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prolonged ventilation in GBS is associated with poor prognosis, yet patients requiring prolonged ventilation may show slow but persistent recovery for years and even reach the ability to walk and live independently.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2018-317968","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,7]],"date-time":"2018-04-07T16:20:21Z","timestamp":1523118021000},"page":"949-954","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["Clinical outcome of Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome after prolonged mechanical ventilation"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"89","author":[{"given":"Bianca","family":"van den Berg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eline F","family":"Storm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcel J P","family":"Garssen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia H","family":"Blomkwist-Markens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bart C","family":"Jacobs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020050722310736000_89.9.949.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2007.08.005"},{"key":"2020050722310736000_89.9.949.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2311","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.54.12.2311","article-title":"Long-term outcome in patients with Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome requiring mechanical ventilation","volume":"54","author":"Fletcher","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2020050722310736000_89.9.949.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2014.121"},{"key":"2020050722310736000_89.9.949.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1159\/000210548","article-title":"Mechanical ventilation in Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome: does age influence functional outcome?","volume":"61","author":"K\u00f6hrmann","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur Neurol"},{"key":"2020050722310736000_89.9.949.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)00339-1"},{"key":"2020050722310736000_89.9.949.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1007\/s11845-015-1365-7","article-title":"Outcomes for patients with Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome requiring mechanical ventilation: a literature review","volume":"185","author":"de Boisanger","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ir J Med Sci"},{"key":"2020050722310736000_89.9.949.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000035640.84053.5B"},{"key":"2020050722310736000_89.9.949.8","first-page":"1403","article-title":"Mechanical ventilation in patients with Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome","volume":"51","author":"Ali","year":"2006","journal-title":"Respir Care"},{"key":"2020050722310736000_89.9.949.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000441-200406000-00007"},{"key":"2020050722310736000_89.9.949.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.4103\/0028-3886.86545","article-title":"Prognosis of patients with Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome requiring mechanical ventilation","volume":"59","author":"Netto","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurol India"},{"key":"2020050722310736000_89.9.949.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2011-301882"},{"key":"2020050722310736000_89.9.949.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awt285"},{"key":"2020050722310736000_89.9.949.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199204233261705"},{"key":"2020050722310736000_89.9.949.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410350618"},{"key":"2020050722310736000_89.9.949.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)15324-X"},{"key":"2020050722310736000_89.9.949.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181e07d14"},{"key":"2020050722310736000_89.9.949.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410270707"},{"key":"2020050722310736000_89.9.949.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(78)92644-2"},{"key":"2020050722310736000_89.9.949.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.880141111"},{"key":"2020050722310736000_89.9.949.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3182104407"},{"key":"2020050722310736000_89.9.949.21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-016-0311-5","article-title":"Tracheostomy or not: prediction of prolonged mechanical ventilation in Guillain-Barr\u00e9 Syndrome","volume":"26","author":"Walgaard","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurocrit Care"},{"key":"2020050722310736000_89.9.949.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(08)70215-1"},{"key":"2020050722310736000_89.9.949.23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1367","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-012-6806-x","article-title":"Long-term outcome in patients with Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome requiring mechanical ventilation","volume":"260","author":"Witsch","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"2020050722310736000_89.9.949.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-510X(02)00158-2"},{"key":"2020050722310736000_89.9.949.25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1111\/jns.12087","article-title":"Post-traumatic stress symptoms in Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome patients after prolonged mechanical ventilation in ICU: a preliminary report","volume":"19","author":"Le Guennec","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Peripher Nerv Syst"},{"key":"2020050722310736000_89.9.949.26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-015-0993-7","article-title":"Clinical review: intensive care unit acquired weakness","volume":"19","author":"Hermans","year":"2015","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"2020050722310736000_89.9.949.27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1111\/jns.12209","article-title":"International Guillain-Barr\u00e9 Syndrome Outcome Study: protocol of a prospective observational cohort study on clinical and biological predictors of disease course and outcome in Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome","volume":"22","author":"Jacobs","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Peripher Nerv Syst"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery &amp; Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/jnnp-2018-317968","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,25]],"date-time":"2020-09-25T18:12:04Z","timestamp":1601057524000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jnnp.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/jnnp-2018-317968"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,7]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,17]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/jnnp-2018-317968"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jnnp-2018-317968","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3050","1468-330X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3050","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-330X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,7]]}}}