{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T23:38:59Z","timestamp":1792798739381,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"9","funder":[{"name":"Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/048rj2z13","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Ministry of Health, Welfare and Labor of Japan"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytokine profiles in myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein IgG-positive (MOG-IgG+) disease in adult and paediatric patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this cross-sectional study, we measured 27 cytokines in the CSF of MOG-IgG+ disease in acute phase before treatment (n=29). The data were directly compared with those in aquaporin-4 antibody-positive (AQP4-IgG+) neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) (n=20), multiple sclerosis (MS) (n=20) and non-inflammatory controls (n=14).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In MOG-IgG+ disease, there was no female preponderance and the ages were younger (mean 18 years, range 3\u201368; 15 were below 18 years) relative to AQP4-IgG+ NMOSD (41, 15\u201377) and MS (34, 17\u201348). CSF cell counts were higher and oligoclonal IgG bands were mostly negative in MOG-IgG+ disease\u2009and AQP4-IgG+ NMOSD compared with MS. MOG-IgG+ disease had significantly elevated levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, granulocyte-colony stimulating factor and granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor, interferon-\u03b3, IL-10, IL-1 receptor antagonist, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 and macrophage inflammatory protein-1\u03b1 as compared with MS. No cytokine in MOG-IgG+ disease was significantly different from AQP4-IgG+ NMOSD. Moreover many elevated cytokines were correlated with each other in MOG-IgG+ disease\u2009and AQP4-IgG+ NMOSD\u2009but not in MS. No difference in the data was seen between adult and paediatric MOG-IgG+ cases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The CSF cytokine profile in the acute phase of MOG-IgG+ disease is characterised by coordinated upregulation of T helper 17 (Th17) and other cytokines including some Th1-related and regulatory T cells-related ones in adults and children, which is similar to AQP4-IgG+ NMOSD\u2009but clearly different from MS. The results suggest that as with AQP4-IgG+ NMOSD, some disease-modifying drugs for MS may be ineffective in MOG-IgG+ disease while they may provide potential therapeutic targets.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2018-317969","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,6]],"date-time":"2018-06-06T12:21:36Z","timestamp":1528287696000},"page":"927-936","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":200,"title":["CSF cytokine profile in MOG-IgG+ neurological disease is similar to AQP4-IgG+ NMOSD but distinct from MS: a cross-sectional study and potential therapeutic implications"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"89","author":[{"given":"Kimihiko","family":"Kaneko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Douglas Kazutoshi","family":"Sato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2612-8948","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ichiro","family":"Nakashima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryo","family":"Ogawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tetsuya","family":"Akaishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshiki","family":"Takai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuhei","family":"Nishiyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toshiyuki","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatsuro","family":"Misu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Kuroda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satoru","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyoichi","family":"Nomura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuji","family":"Hashimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dagoberto","family":"Callegaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lawrence","family":"Steinman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuo","family":"Fujihara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masashi","family":"Aoki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020050722310754000_89.9.927.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1999.0720001.x"},{"key":"2020050722310754000_89.9.927.2","first-page":"443","article-title":"Augmentation of demyelination in rat acute allergic encephalomyelitis by circulating mouse monoclonal antibodies directed against a myelin\/oligodendrocyte glycoprotein","volume":"130","author":"Linington","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"2020050722310754000_89.9.927.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5536","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.154.10.5536","article-title":"Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein induces a demyelinating encephalomyelitis resembling multiple sclerosis","volume":"154","author":"Johns","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2020050722310754000_89.9.927.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.12.004"},{"key":"2020050722310754000_89.9.927.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21916"},{"key":"2020050722310754000_89.9.927.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e318228c0b1"},{"key":"2020050722310754000_89.9.927.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-8-184"},{"key":"2020050722310754000_89.9.927.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hacohen Y , Absoud M , Deiva K , et al . 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