{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T01:16:03Z","timestamp":1792458963883,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":102,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,25]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>There are several different surgical procedures that are used to treat essential tremor (ET), including deep brain stimulation (DBS) and thalamotomy procedures with radiofrequency (RF), radiosurgery (RS) and most recently, focused ultrasound (FUS). Choosing a surgical treatment requires a careful presentation and discussion of the benefits and drawbacks of each. We conducted a literature review to compare the attributes and make an appraisal of these various procedures. DBS was the most commonly reported treatment for ET. One-year tremor reductions ranged from 53% to 63% with unilateral Vim DBS. Similar improvements were demonstrated with RF (range, 74%\u201390%), RS (range, 48%\u201363%) and FUS thalamotomy (range, 35%\u201375%). Overall, bilateral Vim DBS demonstrated more improvement in tremor reduction since both upper extremities were treated (range, 66%\u201378%). Several studies show continued beneficial effects from DBS up to five years. Long-term follow-up data also support RF and gamma knife radiosurgical thalamotomy treatments. Quality of life measures were similarly improved among patients who received all treatments. Paraesthesias, dysarthria and ataxia were commonly reported adverse effects in all treatment modalities and were more common with bilateral DBS surgery. Many of the neurological complications were transient and resolved after surgery. DBS surgery had the added benefit of programming adjustments to minimise stimulation-related complications. Permanent neurological complications were most commonly reported for RF thalamotomy. Thalamic DBS is an effective, safe treatment with a long history. For patients who are medically unfit or reluctant to undergo DBS, several thalamic lesioning methods have parallel benefits to unilateral DBS surgery. Each of these surgical modalities has its own nuance for treatment and patient selection. These factors should be carefully considered by both neurosurgeons and patients when selecting an appropriate treatment for ET.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2018-318240","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,19]],"date-time":"2018-10-19T12:47:33Z","timestamp":1539953253000},"page":"474-482","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":215,"title":["Outcomes from stereotactic surgery for essential tremor"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"90","author":[{"given":"Robert Francis","family":"Dallapiazza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Darrin J","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"De Vloo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4131-6784","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anton","family":"Fomenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clement","family":"Hamani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mojgan","family":"Hodaie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suneil K","family":"Kalia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alfonso","family":"Fasano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andres M","family":"Lozano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,18]]},"reference":[{"issue":"Suppl 4","key":"2024121220150762000_90.4.474.1","first-page":"S8","article-title":"Epidemiology and genetics of essential tremor","volume":"54","author":"Findley","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2024121220150762000_90.4.474.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22838"},{"key":"2024121220150762000_90.4.474.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/123.8.1568"},{"key":"2024121220150762000_90.4.474.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12311-011-0352-4"},{"key":"2024121220150762000_90.4.474.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2005.05.009","article-title":"Quality of life in Essential Tremor Questionnaire (QUEST): development and initial validation","volume":"11","author":"Tr\u00f6ster","year":"2005","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"key":"2024121220150762000_90.4.474.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20884"},{"key":"2024121220150762000_90.4.474.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e318236f0fd"},{"key":"2024121220150762000_90.4.474.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000163769.28552.CD"},{"key":"2024121220150762000_90.4.474.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2010.02958.x"},{"key":"2024121220150762000_90.4.474.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1937","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26455","article-title":"Functional assessment and quality of life in essential tremor with bilateral or unilateral DBS and focused ultrasound thalamotomy","volume":"30","author":"Huss","year":"2015","journal-title":"Movement Disorders"},{"key":"2024121220150762000_90.4.474.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02688690701552278"},{"key":"2024121220150762000_90.4.474.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2006.104.4.506"},{"key":"2024121220150762000_90.4.474.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870130414"},{"key":"2024121220150762000_90.4.474.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.3171\/2012.3.JNS112316","article-title":"Long-term benefits in quality of life after unilateral thalamic deep brain stimulation for essential tremor","volume":"117","author":"Nazzaro","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"2024121220150762000_90.4.474.15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2342","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.54.12.2342","article-title":"Thalamic stimulation for the treatment of midline tremors in essential tremor patients","volume":"54","author":"Obwegeser","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2024121220150762000_90.4.474.16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1416","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000004295","article-title":"Thalamic deep brain stimulation for tremor in Parkinson disease, essential tremor, and dystonia","volume":"89","author":"Cury","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2024121220150762000_90.4.474.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/JNS\/2008\/109\/10\/0640"},{"key":"2024121220150762000_90.4.474.18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/S0028-3843(14)60058-X","article-title":"Thalamic deep brain stimulation in the treatment of essential tremor","volume":"45","author":"Mandat","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurol Neurochir Pol"},{"key":"2024121220150762000_90.4.474.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.74.10.1387"},{"key":"2024121220150762000_90.4.474.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1531-8257(199909)14:5<847::AID-MDS1021>3.0.CO;2-G"},{"key":"2024121220150762000_90.4.474.21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2015.04.003","article-title":"Voice Tremor in Patients with Essential Tremor: Effects of Deep Brain Stimulation of Caudal Zona Incerta","volume":"30","author":"H\u00e4gglund","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Voice"},{"key":"2024121220150762000_90.4.474.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2013-304943"},{"key":"2024121220150762000_90.4.474.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2004.101.1.0048"},{"key":"2024121220150762000_90.4.474.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2011.04.005"},{"key":"2024121220150762000_90.4.474.25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-011-1230-z","article-title":"Quality of life following DBS in the caudal zona incerta in patients with essential tremor","volume":"154","author":"Sandvik","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir"},{"key":"2024121220150762000_90.4.474.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2011.05.014"},{"key":"2024121220150762000_90.4.474.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22758"},{"key":"2024121220150762000_90.4.474.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2006.112334"},{"key":"2024121220150762000_90.4.474.29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2011-300765"},{"key":"2024121220150762000_90.4.474.30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2003.99.4.0708","article-title":"Electrical stimulation of the posterior subthalamic area for the treatment of intractable proximal tremor","volume":"99","author":"Murata","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"2024121220150762000_90.4.474.31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2010.222992"},{"key":"2024121220150762000_90.4.474.32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.3171\/2013.10.JNS131225","article-title":"Risks of common complications in deep brain stimulation surgery: management and avoidance","volume":"120","author":"Fenoy","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"2024121220150762000_90.4.474.33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.10309"},{"key":"2024121220150762000_90.4.474.34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26924","article-title":"Speech and language adverse effects after thalamotomy and deep brain stimulation in patients with movement disorders: A meta-analysis","volume":"32","author":"Alomar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"2024121220150762000_90.4.474.35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000000127"},{"key":"2024121220150762000_90.4.474.36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2016.08.017","article-title":"Precise stimulation location optimizes speech outcomes in essential tremor","volume":"32","author":"Matsumoto","year":"2016","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"key":"2024121220150762000_90.4.474.37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2013.08.001","article-title":"Unilateral thalamic deep brain stimulation in essential tremor demonstrates long-term ipsilateral effects","volume":"19","author":"Peng-Chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"key":"2024121220150762000_90.4.474.38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2009.10.JNS09371"},{"key":"2024121220150762000_90.4.474.39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2014.02.012","article-title":"Verbal fluency in essential tremor patients: the effects of deep brain stimulation","volume":"7","author":"Pedrosa","year":"2014","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"key":"2024121220150762000_90.4.474.40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2013.03.006","article-title":"Loss of benefit in VIM thalamic deep brain stimulation (DBS) for essential tremor (ET): how prevalent is it?","volume":"19","author":"Shih","year":"2013","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"key":"2024121220150762000_90.4.474.41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.02.003","article-title":"Programming deep brain stimulation for tremor and dystonia: the Toronto Western Hospital Algorithms","volume":"9","author":"Picillo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"key":"2024121220150762000_90.4.474.42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurpsyc.1956.02330190052003"},{"key":"2024121220150762000_90.4.474.43","first-page":"47","article-title":"Chemopallidectomy and chemothalamectomy for parkinsonism and dystonia","volume":"52","author":"Cooper","year":"1959","journal-title":"Proc R Soc Med"},{"key":"2024121220150762000_90.4.474.44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1959.16.1.0032"},{"key":"2024121220150762000_90.4.474.45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1960.17.2.0213","article-title":"Radiofrequency lesions in the central nervous system of man and cat: including case reports of eight bulbar pain-tract interruptions","volume":"17","author":"Sweet","year":"1960","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"2024121220150762000_90.4.474.46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nec.2013.08.002","article-title":"Neuromodulation for movement disorders","volume":"25","author":"Dallapiazza","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurosurg Clin N Am"},{"key":"2024121220150762000_90.4.474.47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1986.65.3.0296"},{"key":"2024121220150762000_90.4.474.48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1159\/000100201","article-title":"Long-term results of stereotaxy in the treatment of essential tremor","volume":"54-55","author":"Mohadjer","year":"1990","journal-title":"Stereotact Funct Neurosurg"},{"key":"2024121220150762000_90.4.474.49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1992.76.6.0924"},{"key":"2024121220150762000_90.4.474.50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-199510000-00011"},{"key":"2024121220150762000_90.4.474.51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1159\/000098890","article-title":"Thalamotomy for essential and cerebellar tremor","volume":"65","author":"Shahzadi","year":"1995","journal-title":"Stereotact Funct Neurosurg"},{"key":"2024121220150762000_90.4.474.52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1159\/000029722","article-title":"Stereotactic ventral intermedial thalamotomy for the treatment of essential tremor: results of a series of 37 patients","volume":"72","author":"Akbostanci","year":"1999","journal-title":"Stereotact Funct Neurosurg"},{"key":"2024121220150762000_90.4.474.53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.66.6.772","article-title":"Stereotactic thalamotomy in the treatment of essential tremor of the upper extremity: reassessment including a blinded measure of outcome","volume":"66","author":"Zirh","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"2024121220150762000_90.4.474.54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-3019(97)00459-X"},{"key":"2024121220150762000_90.4.474.55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1159\/000029723","article-title":"A comparison of surgical approaches for the management of tremor: radiofrequency thalamotomy, gamma knife thalamotomy and thalamic stimulation","volume":"72","author":"Niranjan","year":"1999","journal-title":"Stereotact Funct Neurosurg"},{"key":"2024121220150762000_90.4.474.56","first-page":"179","article-title":"[Stereotactic ventrolateral thalamotomy in the treatment of essential tremor]","volume":"40","author":"Sobstyl","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurol Neurochir Pol"},{"key":"2024121220150762000_90.4.474.57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1531-8257(200101)16:1<140::AID-MDS1025>3.0.CO;2-T"},{"key":"2024121220150762000_90.4.474.58","first-page":"316","article-title":"The stereotaxic method and radiosurgery of the brain","volume":"102","author":"Leksell","year":"1951","journal-title":"Acta Chir Scand"},{"key":"2024121220150762000_90.4.474.59","first-page":"585","article-title":"Cerebral radiosurgery. I. Gammathalanotomy in two cases of intractable pain","volume":"134","author":"Leksell","year":"1968","journal-title":"Acta Chir Scand"},{"key":"2024121220150762000_90.4.474.60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3171\/FOC-07\/12\/E3","article-title":"Stereotactic radiosurgery for functional disorders","volume":"23","author":"Friehs","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurosurg Focus"},{"key":"2024121220150762000_90.4.474.61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surneu.2003.08.033","article-title":"Linear accelerator thalamotomy","volume":"62","author":"Frighetto","year":"2004","journal-title":"Surg Neurol"},{"key":"2024121220150762000_90.4.474.62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3171\/2016.10.JNS161603","article-title":"Diffusion tractography imaging-guided frameless linear accelerator stereotactic radiosurgical thalamotomy for tremor: case report","volume":"128","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"2024121220150762000_90.4.474.63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/JNS\/2008\/108\/01\/0111"},{"key":"2024121220150762000_90.4.474.64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.3171\/2013.1.JNS121111","article-title":"Gamma knife thalamotomy for tremor in the magnetic resonance imaging era","volume":"118","author":"Kooshkabadi","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"2024121220150762000_90.4.474.65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurol.2010.69"},{"key":"2024121220150762000_90.4.474.66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26925","article-title":"Stereotactic radiosurgery for essential tremor: retrospective analysis of a 19-year experience","volume":"32","author":"Niranjan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Movement Disorders"},{"key":"2024121220150762000_90.4.474.67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0b013e3182350893"},{"key":"2024121220150762000_90.4.474.68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2139","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-017-3317-7","article-title":"Assessing the clinical outcome of Vim radiosurgery with voxel-based morphometry: visual areas are linked with tremor arrest!","volume":"159","author":"Tuleasca","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir"},{"key":"2024121220150762000_90.4.474.69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1562","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000002087","article-title":"A prospective single-blind study of Gamma Knife thalamotomy for tremor","volume":"85","author":"Witjas","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2024121220150762000_90.4.474.70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2009.10.JNS09332"},{"key":"2024121220150762000_90.4.474.71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2015.01.013","article-title":"Gamma knife stereotactic radiosurgical thalamotomy for intractable tremor: a systematic review of the literature","volume":"114","author":"Campbell","year":"2015","journal-title":"Radiotherapy and Oncology"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"2024121220150762000_90.4.474.72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2000.93.supplement_3.0128","article-title":"Gamma knife thalamotomy for treatment of tremor: long-term results","volume":"93","author":"Young","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"2024121220150762000_90.4.474.73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.3171\/2016.6.GKS161497","article-title":"The impact of cobalt-60 source age on biologically effective dose in high-dose functional Gamma Knife radiosurgery","volume":"125","author":"Kann","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"2024121220150762000_90.4.474.74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1159\/000100168","article-title":"Movement disorder radiosurgery--planning, physics and complication avoidance","volume":"20","author":"Duma","year":"2007","journal-title":"Prog Neurol Surg"},{"key":"2024121220150762000_90.4.474.75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.58.12.1995"},{"key":"2024121220150762000_90.4.474.76","first-page":"150","article-title":"A late complication of \u03b3 knife radiosurgery","volume":"7","author":"Rothstein","year":"2010","journal-title":"Rev Neurol Dis"},{"key":"2024121220150762000_90.4.474.77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.1178"},{"key":"2024121220150762000_90.4.474.78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000087307"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"2024121220150762000_90.4.474.79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.3171\/2016.7.GKS161553","article-title":"The role of diffusion tensor imaging tractography for Gamma Knife thalamotomy planning","volume":"125","author":"Gomes","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"2024121220150762000_90.4.474.80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1159\/000441393","article-title":"Prelemniscal radiations: a new reliable landmark of the thalamic nucleus ventralis intermedius location?","volume":"93","author":"Lefranc","year":"2016","journal-title":"Stereotact Funct Neurosurg"},{"key":"2024121220150762000_90.4.474.81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1669","DOI":"10.3171\/2016.3.JNS151992","article-title":"Microelectrode recording findings within the tractography-defined ventral intermediate nucleus","volume":"126","author":"King","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"2024121220150762000_90.4.474.82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26633","article-title":"Tractography-based ventral intermediate nucleus targeting: novel methodology and intraoperative validation","volume":"31","author":"Sammartino","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"2024121220150762000_90.4.474.83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152???156","DOI":"10.1097\/00002060-195806000-00011","article-title":"Precision high intensity focusing ultrasonic machines for surgery","volume":"37","author":"Fry","year":"1958","journal-title":"Am J Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"2024121220150762000_90.4.474.84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/47\/8\/301"},{"key":"2024121220150762000_90.4.474.85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/45\/12\/314"},{"key":"2024121220150762000_90.4.474.86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/45\/4\/319"},{"key":"2024121220150762000_90.4.474.87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1117","DOI":"10.7863\/jum.2005.24.8.1117","article-title":"A magnetic resonance imaging-compatible, large-scale array for trans-skull ultrasound surgery and therapy","volume":"24","author":"Clement","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Ultrasound Med"},{"key":"2024121220150762000_90.4.474.88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.20118"},{"key":"2024121220150762000_90.4.474.89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2006.04.007"},{"key":"2024121220150762000_90.4.474.90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiographics.16.1.185"},{"key":"2024121220150762000_90.4.474.91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2014-307642"},{"key":"2024121220150762000_90.4.474.92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1600159","article-title":"A randomized trial of focused ultrasound thalamotomy for essential tremor","volume":"375","author":"Elias","year":"2016","journal-title":"N Engl J Med Overseas Ed"},{"key":"2024121220150762000_90.4.474.93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1300962","article-title":"A pilot study of focused ultrasound thalamotomy for essential tremor","volume":"369","author":"Elias","year":"2013","journal-title":"N Engl J Med Overseas Ed"},{"key":"2024121220150762000_90.4.474.94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(13)70048-6"},{"key":"2024121220150762000_90.4.474.95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/s40349-016-0049-8","article-title":"Incisionless transcranial MR-guided focused ultrasound in essential tremor: cerebellothalamic tractotomy","volume":"4","author":"Gallay","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Ther Ultrasound"},{"key":"2024121220150762000_90.4.474.96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1159\/000478866","article-title":"Comparative evaluation of magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound surgery for essential tremor","volume":"95","author":"Kim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Stereotact Funct Neurosurg"},{"key":"2024121220150762000_90.4.474.97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3171\/2016.10.JNS16758","article-title":"Magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound thalamotomy for tremor: a report of 30 Parkinson's disease and essential tremor cases","volume":"128","author":"Zaaroor","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"2024121220150762000_90.4.474.98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200002173420703","article-title":"A comparison of continuous thalamic stimulation and thalamotomy for suppression of severe tremor","volume":"342","author":"Schuurman","year":"2000","journal-title":"N Engl J Med Overseas Ed"},{"key":"2024121220150762000_90.4.474.99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22059"},{"key":"2024121220150762000_90.4.474.100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1042","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2012.05.015","article-title":"Personality profile in essential tremor: a case\u2013control study","volume":"18","author":"Thenganatt","year":"2012","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"key":"2024121220150762000_90.4.474.101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24893","article-title":"One step backward: Magnetic resonance guided focused ultrasound thalamotomy for the treatment of medically refractory tremor","volume":"81","author":"Alterman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"2024121220150762000_90.4.474.102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2017.12.014","article-title":"Predictors of deep brain stimulation outcome in tremor patients","volume":"11","author":"Sandoe","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery &amp; Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/jnnp-2018-318240","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,13]],"date-time":"2024-12-13T04:19:56Z","timestamp":1734063596000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jnnp.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/jnnp-2018-318240"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,18]]},"references-count":102,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,9]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/jnnp-2018-318240"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jnnp-2018-318240","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3050","1468-330X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3050","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-330X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,18]]}}}