{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T18:08:10Z","timestamp":1791396490042,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"4","funder":[{"name":"Fondazione Italiana di Ricerca per la SLA - Sclerosi Laterale Amiotrofica (AriSLA).","award":["FGCR01\/2013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FGCR01\/2013"]}]},{"name":"Fondazione Regionale per la Ricerca Biomedica (FRRB) Regione Lombardia","award":["20l5-0023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20l5-0023"]}]},{"name":"Institutional funding","award":["Ricerca Corrente, Italian Ministry of Health"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Ricerca Corrente, Italian Ministry of Health"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,26]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Behavioural changes in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are heterogeneous. The study aim was to identify the behavioural profiles of non-demented patients with ALS and their neuroimaging correlates and to elucidate if they are comparable to those reported in studies of the behavioural-variant of frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Behavioural changes of 102 non-demented patients with ALS were assessed through the Frontal Behavioural Inventory (FBI), a 24-item scale assessing different behavioural modifications, mainly chosen from the core clinical features of FTD. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to detect distinct clusters of behavioural changes based on FBI subscores. The cortical thinning related to each behavioural profile was analysed in 29 patients with ALS. Cronbach\u2019s \u03b1 was used to test the reliability of bvFTD-related FBI clustering in our cohort.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sixty patients with ALS had FBI score\u22651. PCA identified three phenotypic clusters loading on disinhibited\/hostile, dysexecutive and apathetic FBI subscores. Imaging analyses revealed that the thinning of bilateral orbitofrontal cortex was related to apathy, the right frontotemporal and cingular cortex to the disinhibited\/hostile profile and the left precuneus cortex to the dysexecutive behaviours. The bvFTD-associated aggressive profile reliably applied to our cohort.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>In non-demented patients with ALS, different behavioural profiles could be identified. The right frontotemporal and cingular cortex thinning was the hallmark of the behavioural profile mostly overlapping that described in bvFTD. Our findings provide the unbiased identification of determinants relevant for a novel stratification of patients with ALS based on their behavioural impairment, which might be useful as proxy of cognitive decline.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2018-318619","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,15]],"date-time":"2018-10-15T16:17:59Z","timestamp":1539620279000},"page":"380-386","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Cortical correlates of behavioural change in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"90","author":[{"given":"Monica","family":"Consonni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefano F","family":"Cappa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eleonora","family":"Dalla Bella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valeria Elisa","family":"Contarino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Lauria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024121220150771000_90.4.380.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1080\/21678421.2016.1267768","article-title":"Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis - frontotemporal spectrum disorder (ALS-FTSD): revised diagnostic criteria","volume":"18","author":"Strong","year":"2017","journal-title":"Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener"},{"key":"2024121220150771000_90.4.380.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2016.04.014","article-title":"Beyond the consensus criteria: multiple cognitive profiles in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis?","volume":"81","author":"Consonni","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"key":"2024121220150771000_90.4.380.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.407","article-title":"A Cross-sectional population-based investigation into behavioral change in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: subphenotypes, staging, cognitive predictors, and survival","volume":"4","author":"Burke","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Clin Transl Neurol"},{"key":"2024121220150771000_90.4.380.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/17482968.2012.656652"},{"key":"2024121220150771000_90.4.380.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2011.05.025"},{"key":"2024121220150771000_90.4.380.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000002017","article-title":"Basal ganglia pathology in ALS is associated with neuropsychological deficits","volume":"85","author":"Machts","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2024121220150771000_90.4.380.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2012.08.003"},{"key":"2024121220150771000_90.4.380.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000004215","article-title":"Behavioral-variant frontotemporal dementia: Distinct phenotypes with unique functional profiles","volume":"89","author":"O'Connor","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2024121220150771000_90.4.380.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/146608200300079536"},{"key":"2024121220150771000_90.4.380.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awr179"},{"key":"2024121220150771000_90.4.380.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/126010","article-title":"The cognitive and behavioural profile of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: application of the consensus criteria","volume":"27","author":"Consonni","year":"2013","journal-title":"Behav Neurol"},{"key":"2024121220150771000_90.4.380.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-007-0791-3"},{"key":"2024121220150771000_90.4.380.13","unstructured":"Field, A . 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