{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T22:30:00Z","timestamp":1793399400363,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["402968\/2012-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["402968\/2012-3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Fundo de Incentivo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Hospital de Cl\u00ednicas de Porto Alegre","award":["GPPG HCPA 13-0303GPPG HCPA 14-0204"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GPPG HCPA 13-0303GPPG HCPA 14-0204"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["99999.01528\/2015-2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["99999.01528\/2015-2017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of genetic risk factors for age at onset (AO) in spinocerebellar ataxia type 3\/Machado-Joseph disease (SCA3\/MJD).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Two authors independently reviewed reports on the mathematical relationship between CAG length at the expanded\n                      <jats:italic>ATXN3<\/jats:italic>\n                      allele (CAGexp), and other genetic variants if available, and AO. Publications from January 1994 to September 2017 in English, Portuguese or Spanish and indexed in MEDLINE (PubMed), LILACS or EMBASE were considered. Inclusion criteria were reports with &gt;20 SCA3\/MJD carriers with molecular diagnosis performed by capillary electrophoresis. Non-overlapping cohorts were determined on contact with corresponding authors. A detailed analysis protocol was registered at the PROSPERO database prior to data extraction (CRD42017073071).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Eleven studies were eligible for meta-analysis, comprising 10 individual-participant (n=2099 subjects) and two aggregated data cohorts. On average, CAGexp explained 55.2% (95% CI 50.8 to 59.0; p&lt;0.001) of AO variability. Population-specific factors accounted for 8.3% of AO variance. Cohorts clustered into distinct geographic groups, evidencing significantly earlier AO in non-Portuguese Europeans than in Portuguese\/South Brazilians with similar CAGexp lengths. Presence of intermediate\n                      <jats:italic>ATXN2<\/jats:italic>\n                      alleles (27\u201333 CAG repeats) significantly correlated with earlier AO. Familial factors accounted for ~10% of AO variability. CAGexp, origin, family effects and CAG length at\n                      <jats:italic>ATXN2<\/jats:italic>\n                      together explained 73.5% of AO variance.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Current evidence supports genetic modulation of AO in SCA3\/MJD by CAGexp,\n                      <jats:italic>ATXN2<\/jats:italic>\n                      and family-specific and population-specific factors. Future studies should take these into account in the search for new genetic modifiers of AO, which could be of therapeutic relevance.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2018-319200","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,19]],"date-time":"2018-10-19T08:47:34Z","timestamp":1539938854000},"page":"203-210","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Genetic risk factors for modulation of age at onset in Machado-Joseph disease\/spinocerebellar ataxia type 3: a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"90","author":[{"given":"Eduardo Preusser","family":"de Mattos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maiara","family":"Kolbe Musskopf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanessa","family":"Bielefeldt Leotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Luiza","family":"Saraiva-Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura Bannach","family":"Jardim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020050722330897000_90.2.203.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(04)00737-9"},{"key":"2020050722330897000_90.2.203.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-51892-7.00014-0"},{"key":"2020050722330897000_90.2.203.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12311-013-0539-y"},{"key":"2020050722330897000_90.2.203.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2017.00145","article-title":"Chaperones in polyglutamine aggregation: beyond the q-stretch","volume":"11","author":"Kuiper","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"2020050722330897000_90.2.203.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12311-013-0510-y"},{"key":"2020050722330897000_90.2.203.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awu174"},{"key":"2020050722330897000_90.2.203.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awv206"},{"key":"2020050722330897000_90.2.203.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/aww087"},{"key":"2020050722330897000_90.2.203.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurol.2011.636"},{"key":"2020050722330897000_90.2.203.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2179.e15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2014.03.020","article-title":"APOE \u03b52 allele may decrease the age at onset in patients with spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 or Machado-Joseph disease from the Chinese Han population","volume":"35","author":"Peng","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"key":"2020050722330897000_90.2.203.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhou Q , Ni W , Dong Y , et al . 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