{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T08:19:56Z","timestamp":1774599596326,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"4","funder":[{"name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) under Germany\u2019s Excellence Strategy","award":["\u2013 EXC-2049 \u2013 390688087"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["\u2013 EXC-2049 \u2013 390688087"]}]},{"name":"Health and Labour Sciences Research Grant on Intractable Diseases","award":["n\/a"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["n\/a"]}]},{"name":"German Federal Ministry of Education and Research","award":["01ZZ1603[A-D] and 01ZZ1804[A-H]"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01ZZ1603[A-D] and 01ZZ1804[A-H]"]}]},{"name":"Nervous and Mental Disorders from the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan","award":["16B-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16B-1"]}]},{"name":"Research Grant \u201cCC-Neuro\u201d from the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research","award":["SFB-TR128"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFB-TR128"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,9]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Neurological disorders with IgG antibodies against myelin-oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG-IgG) have been increasingly recognised as a new type of neuroinflammatory disorder.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study aimed to identify regional and ethnic differences in clinical profiles of MOG-IgG\u2013associated disorders between East Asian (Japanese) and Caucasian (German) patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Demographic, clinical and therapeutic data from 68 MOG-IgG\u2013positive adults were collected (Japanese, n=44; German, n=24).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Age and sex were similar between cohorts, with optic neuritis occurring most frequently at onset (Japanese: 61%; German: 58%). However, Japanese patients had a lower annualised relapse rate (0.4 vs 0.8, p=0.019; no relapse, 64% vs 25%, p=0.002) and lower Expanded Disability Status Scale score at the last visit (1.0 vs 2.0; p<jats:italic>=<\/jats:italic>0.008), despite similar follow-up periods (mean, 73.9 months vs 73.4 months), than those of German patients, respectively. Cerebral syndromes were more common (27% vs 4%; p=0.021) and myelitis less common (21% vs 50%; p=0.012) in Japanese than in German patients, respectively. Japanese patients were more commonly treated with long-term corticosteroids (73%), whereas German patients were more commonly treated with rituximab or other immunosuppressants (63%).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among patients with MOG-IgG, Japanese tended to have a monophasic milder disease, whereas the majority of German patients had a relapsing course and more frequent myelitis, findings compatible with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder. Although the attack-prevention treatment regimens were considerably different, genetic and environmental factors may be important to determine clinical phenotypes and disease activity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2020-324422","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,20]],"date-time":"2020-11-20T22:32:18Z","timestamp":1605911538000},"page":"377-383","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Anti-MOG antibody\u2013associated disorders: differences in clinical profiles and prognosis in Japan and 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