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Despite its critical importance in clinical neurology, myotome charts presented in many textbooks, surprisingly, show non-negligible discordances with each other. Many authors do not even clearly state the bases of their charts. Studies that have presented with raw data regarding myotome identification are rather rare. A classic study in the 19th century that pursued the nerve course in cadavers still has a substantial influence on existing charts, despite its definite limitations. Other scarce studies in humans include identification by root stimulation during surgery, clinical observations in root avulsion or spinal cord injury and clinical and electromyographical investigations in patients with single radiculopathies or certain plexopathies. A few recent studies have proposed new theories regarding the myotomes of some muscles. T1 innervation of the median intrinsic hand muscles is a typical example. We have added a number of new findings, such as T1 innervation of the forearm flexor muscles innervated by the median nerve except the pronator teres and flexor carpi radialis, C5 innervation of the brachioradialis, and two C6 indicator muscles, pronator teres and extensor carpi radialis brevis. Increased accuracy of the myotome charts will improve the localisation in neurology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2022-329696","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,18]],"date-time":"2023-01-18T13:22:31Z","timestamp":1674048151000},"page":"643-648","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Recent advances in neuroanatomy: the myotome update"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"94","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2410-9468","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masahiro","family":"Sonoo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025021202350577000_94.8.643.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4598(199812)21:12<1612::AID-MUS2>3.0.CO;2-0"},{"key":"2025021202350577000_94.8.643.2","first-page":"S209","article-title":"Guidelines in electrodiagnostic medicine. practice parameter for needle electromyographic evaluation of patients with suspected cervical radiculopathy","volume":"8","author":"So","year":"1999","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve Suppl"},{"key":"2025021202350577000_94.8.643.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.14245\/ns.1938210.105","article-title":"Cervical spondylotic amyotrophy: case series and review of the literature","volume":"16","author":"Takahashi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurospine"},{"key":"2025021202350577000_94.8.643.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2293","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-019-05990-7","article-title":"Cervical spondylotic amyotrophy: a systematic review","volume":"28","author":"Luo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"2025021202350577000_94.8.643.5","unstructured":"Sonoo M , Suzuki M , Araki N , et al . 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