{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,10]],"date-time":"2026-11-10T16:45:32Z","timestamp":1794329132755,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,20]],"date-time":"2022-12-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1671494400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000269","name":"Economic and Social Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ES\/R008930\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ES\/R008930\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004325","name":"AstraZeneca","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZZK2PERAPP"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZZK2PERAPP"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004325","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,4]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Spasticity is common among people with multiple sclerosis (MS), but there are few studies of spasticity treatment patterns. We aim to describe associations with spasticity treatment measured primarily by oral baclofen use.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This cohort study using Swedish registers included 1826 and 3519 people with incident and prevalent MS (pwIMS, pwPMS) respectively, followed from 2005 to 2014. Cox regression assessed factors associated with new baclofen prescriptions and its discontinuation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 10% of pwIMS and 19% of pwPMS received baclofen, a drug prescribed specifically for spasticity in Sweden, of which many patients had relapsing-remitting course. Prescriptions occurred soon after MS diagnosis: pwIMS received baclofen typically within 6\u2009months of diagnosis, and pwPMS within 3\u2009years. Younger patients compared with older patients were three times more likely to receive baclofen with similar disability level measured using Expanded Disability Severity Scores (EDSS). Patients aged 18\u201344 years with EDSS 3.0\u20135.0 have an HR for baclofen use of 5.62 (95% CI 2.91 to 10.85) and EDSS 6+ have\u2009an HR of 15.41 (95% CI 7.07 to 33.58) compared with individuals with EDSS 0\u20132.5. In comparison, patients aged 45+ years with EDSS 3.0\u20135.0 have an HR of 2.05 (95% CI 1.10 to 3.82) and EDSS 6+ an HR of 4.26 (95% CI 1.96 to 9.17). Baclofen discontinuation was high: 49% (95% CI 0.42 to 0.57) of pwIMS discontinued within 150 days of dispensation, 90% discontinued within 2\u2009years including patients with progressive course or higher EDSS. Associations among pwPMS and sensitivity analyses including additional treatments were similar.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Younger patients with MS are more likely to receive baclofen compared with older patients with MS. High rates of baclofen discontinuation highlight the need for more tolerable and efficacious spasticity treatments and monitoring of spasticity among people with MS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2022-329886","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,20]],"date-time":"2022-12-20T13:20:31Z","timestamp":1671542431000},"page":"337-348","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Spasticity treatment patterns among people with multiple sclerosis: a Swedish cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"94","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9811-908X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kelsi A","family":"Smith","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology Division, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fredrik","family":"Piehl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden"},{"name":"Centre of Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden"},{"name":"Academic Specialist Centre, Centre of Neurology, SLSO, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomas","family":"Olsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden"},{"name":"Centre of Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden"},{"name":"Academic Specialist Centre, Centre of Neurology, SLSO, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lars","family":"Alfredsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden"},{"name":"Centre of Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden"},{"name":"Centre of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7386-6732","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan","family":"Hillert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden"},{"name":"Centre of Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ingrid","family":"Kockum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden"},{"name":"Centre for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pernilla","family":"Stridh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden"},{"name":"Centre for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott","family":"Montgomery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology Division, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden"},{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, \u00d6rebro University, Orebro, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026060408300876000_94.5.337.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/354906"},{"key":"2026060408300876000_94.5.337.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ane.12612"},{"key":"2026060408300876000_94.5.337.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2015.10.007"},{"key":"2026060408300876000_94.5.337.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/1352458504ms1085oa"},{"key":"2026060408300876000_94.5.337.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269215508095089"},{"key":"2026060408300876000_94.5.337.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40271-016-0173-0"},{"key":"2026060408300876000_94.5.337.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2017.07.004"},{"key":"2026060408300876000_94.5.337.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-012-6579-2"},{"key":"2026060408300876000_94.5.337.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1159\/000367620","article-title":"Multidisciplinary management of multiple sclerosis symptoms","volume":"72 Suppl 1","author":"Gallien","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur Neurol"},{"key":"2026060408300876000_94.5.337.10","unstructured":"L\u00e4kemedelsverket . 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