{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:37:12Z","timestamp":1787017032705,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,30]],"date-time":"2022-11-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669766400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008484","name":"Paavo Nurmen S\u00e4\u00e4ti\u00f6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008484","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007639","name":"Maire Taposen S\u00e4\u00e4ti\u00f6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007639","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005633","name":"Syd\u00e4ntutkimuss\u00e4\u00e4ti\u00f6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005633","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002341","name":"Academy of Finland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["17379"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17379"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002341","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Competitive State Research Financing of the Expert Responsibility area of Turku University Hospital","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,21]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A knowledge gap exists regarding the risk of traumatic brain injury (TBI) in patients with epilepsy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients with adult-onset epilepsy during 2005\u20132018 in Finland were studied using retrospective longitudinal national registry-linkage design. Patients with epilepsy (n=35\u2009686; 51% men; mean age 56.6 years) were 1:1 matched to non-epileptic controls by age, sex, comorbidity burden and cohort entry year. The primary outcome was TBI leading to admission or death, secondary outcomes were TBI admission, fatal TBI, acute neurosurgical operations (ANOs) for TBI and TBI recurrence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The cumulative rate of the primary endpoint was 1.2% at 1 year, 5.6% at 10 years and 7.3% at 14 years in the epilepsy group versus 2.9% at 14 years in the matched controls (HR=3.77; p&lt;0.0001). Epilepsy was associated with increased risk of TBI admission (6.9% vs 2.7%; HR=3.96; p&lt;0.0001), ANOs (1.3% vs 0.4%; HR=7.00; p&lt;0.0001) and fatal TBI (1.3% vs 0.5%; HR=3.82; p&lt;0.0001), during follow-up. Competing risk analyses confirmed the association of epilepsy with all outcomes (p&lt;0.0001). Epilepsy was associated with TBI recurrence during follow-up (HR 1.72; p=0.002).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients with adult-onset epilepsy have a significantly increased risk of severe and fatal TBI. The results underline the importance of TBI prevention in epilepsy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2022-330150","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,30]],"date-time":"2022-11-30T13:30:00Z","timestamp":1669815000000},"page":"396-398","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Adult-onset epilepsy and risk of traumatic brain injury: a nationwide cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"94","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5925-5193","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jussi P","family":"Posti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurocenter, Department of Neurosurgery and Turku Brain Injury Center, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Varsinais-Suomi, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jori O","family":"Ruuskanen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurocenter, Department of Neurology, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Varsinais-Suomi, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ville","family":"Kyt\u00f6","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Centre and Center for Population Health Research, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Varsinais-Suomi, Finland"},{"name":"Research Center of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland"},{"name":"Administrative Center, Hospital District of Southwest Finland, Turku, Finland"},{"name":"Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026060408300857000_94.5.396.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987-1048","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(17)30371-X","article-title":"Traumatic brain injury: integrated approaches to improve prevention, clinical care, and research","volume":"16","author":"Maas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"2026060408300857000_94.5.396.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4081\/ni.2009.e20","article-title":"Injuries in epilepsy: a review of its prevalence, risk factors, type of injuries and prevention","volume":"1","author":"Nguyen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurol Int"},{"key":"2026060408300857000_94.5.396.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0000000000000900","article-title":"A reappraisal of injuries and accidents in people with epilepsy","volume":"34","author":"Asadi-Pooya","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurol"},{"key":"2026060408300857000_94.5.396.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2019.06.013","article-title":"Head first - 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