{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,25]],"date-time":"2026-10-25T16:29:01Z","timestamp":1792945741429,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":118,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,21]],"date-time":"2024-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732147200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005614","name":"Biogen","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Not applicable"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Not applicable"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005614","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"End the Legacy: Genetic ALS & FTD","award":["Not applicable"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Not applicable"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100003607","name":"Association for Frontotemporal Degeneration","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Not applicable"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Not applicable"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100003607","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"ALS Association Golden West Chapter","award":["Not applicable"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Not applicable"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100003566","name":"ALS Therapy Development Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Not applicable"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Not applicable"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100003566","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000971","name":"ALS Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Not applicable"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Not applicable"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000971","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Alector","award":["Not applicable"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Not applicable"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100002561","name":"ALS Hope Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Not applicable"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Not applicable"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100002561","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009017","name":"ALS Society of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Not applicable"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Not applicable"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009017","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,19]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>There is a growing understanding of the presymptomatic stages of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and nascent efforts aiming to prevent these devastating neurodegenerative diseases have emerged. This progress is attributable, in no small part, to the altruism of people living with pathogenic variants at elevated genetic risk for ALS\/FTD via their willingness to participate in natural history studies and disease prevention trials. Increasingly, this community has also highlighted the urgent need to develop paradigms for providing appropriate clinical care for those at elevated risk for ALS and FTD. This manuscript summarises recommendations emanating from a multi-stakeholder Workshop (Malvern, Pennsylvania, 2023) that aimed to develop guidance for at-risk carriers and their treating physicians. Clinical care recommendations span genetic testing (including counselling and sociolegal implications); monitoring for the emergence of early motor, cognitive and behavioural signs of disease; and the use of Food and Drug Administration-approved small molecule drugs and gene-targeting therapies. Lifestyle recommendations focus on exercise, smoking, statin use, supplement use, caffeine intake and head trauma, as well as occupational and environmental exposures. While the evidence base to inform clinical and lifestyle recommendations is limited, this guidance document aims to appraise carriers and clinicians of the issues and best available evidence, and also to define the research agenda that could yield more evidence-informed guidelines.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2024-334339","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,21]],"date-time":"2024-11-21T13:20:49Z","timestamp":1732195249000},"page":"209-218","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Guidance for clinical management of pathogenic variant carriers at elevated genetic risk for ALS\/FTD"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"96","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4241-5135","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Benatar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9910-1041","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Terry D","family":"Heiman-Patterson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0873-8689","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johnathan","family":"Cooper-Knock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-9993-0116","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Brickman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5000-7604","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kaitlin B","family":"Casaletto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8780-6637","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephen A","family":"Goutman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0551-2473","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Vinceti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2179-3199","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laynie","family":"Dratch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6081-5231","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jalayne J","family":"Arias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3605-6183","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean","family":"Swidler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0267-3180","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin R","family":"Turner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeremy","family":"Shefner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henk-Jan","family":"Westeneng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonard H","family":"van den Berg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4924-7712","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ammar","family":"Al-Chalabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025031701401097000_96.3.209.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0000000000001168"},{"key":"2025031701401097000_96.3.209.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31826e9b1d"},{"key":"2025031701401097000_96.3.209.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.25276"},{"key":"2025031701401097000_96.3.209.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21678421.2019.1646769"},{"key":"2025031701401097000_96.3.209.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awab404"},{"key":"2025031701401097000_96.3.209.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-022-01237-4"},{"key":"2025031701401097000_96.3.209.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awad164"},{"key":"2025031701401097000_96.3.209.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awad165"},{"key":"2025031701401097000_96.3.209.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ebmed-2017-110845"},{"key":"2025031701401097000_96.3.209.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awr248"},{"key":"2025031701401097000_96.3.209.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2019.2044"},{"key":"2025031701401097000_96.3.209.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-006-0195-y"},{"key":"2025031701401097000_96.3.209.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awab472"},{"key":"2025031701401097000_96.3.209.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1212\/CPJ.0000000000200201","article-title":"Incorporating Genetic Testing Into the Care of Patients With Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis\/Frontotemporal Degeneration Spectrum Disorders","volume":"13","author":"Chambers","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurol Clin Pract"},{"key":"2025031701401097000_96.3.209.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21678421.2022.2051553"},{"key":"2025031701401097000_96.3.209.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21678421.2023.2272187"},{"key":"2025031701401097000_96.3.209.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21678421.2017.1332079"},{"key":"2025031701401097000_96.3.209.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WAD.0000000000000458"},{"key":"2025031701401097000_96.3.209.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000002773"},{"key":"2025031701401097000_96.3.209.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-63233-3.00003-8"},{"key":"2025031701401097000_96.3.209.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jgc4.1749"},{"key":"2025031701401097000_96.3.209.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2021.4851"},{"key":"2025031701401097000_96.3.209.23","unstructured":"The genetic information nondiscrimination act of 2008 (GINA), H.R. 493. 2008."},{"key":"2025031701401097000_96.3.209.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000000153"},{"key":"2025031701401097000_96.3.209.25","unstructured":"The 2023 Florida statutes. 627.4301 Genetic information for insurance purposes. 2023. Available: http:\/\/www.leg.state.fl.us\/Statutes\/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute&Search_String=&URL=0600-0699\/0627\/Sections\/0627.4301.html"},{"key":"2025031701401097000_96.3.209.26","article-title":"The Web of Legal Protections for Participants in Genomic Research","volume":"29","author":"Wolf","year":"2019","journal-title":"Health Matrix Clevel"},{"key":"2025031701401097000_96.3.209.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-720X.2012.00696.x"},{"key":"2025031701401097000_96.3.209.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2023.5684"},{"key":"2025031701401097000_96.3.209.29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004150200071"},{"key":"2025031701401097000_96.3.209.30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(17)30115-1"},{"key":"2025031701401097000_96.3.209.31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1916945"},{"key":"2025031701401097000_96.3.209.32","unstructured":"Amylyx . Amylyx pharmaceuticals announces topline results from global phase 3 PHOENIX trial of AMX0035 in ALS. 2024. Available: https:\/\/www.amylyx.com\/news\/amylyx-pharmaceuticals-announces-topline-results-from-global-phase-3-phoenix-trial-of-amx0035-in-als#:~:text=PHOENIX%20did%20not%20meet%20its,significance%20seen%20in%20secondary%20endpoints"},{"key":"2025031701401097000_96.3.209.33","unstructured":"Ferrer . Ferrer reports top-line results from phase III ADORE study in ALS. 2024. Available: https:\/\/www.ferrer.com\/en\/results-study-ADORE-ALS"},{"key":"2025031701401097000_96.3.209.34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21678421.2016.1188961"},{"key":"2025031701401097000_96.3.209.35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awt085"},{"key":"2025031701401097000_96.3.209.36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awn071"},{"key":"2025031701401097000_96.3.209.37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.26572"},{"key":"2025031701401097000_96.3.209.38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2006.01575.x"},{"key":"2025031701401097000_96.3.209.39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21678421.2020.1771734"},{"key":"2025031701401097000_96.3.209.40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21678421.2019.1587634"},{"key":"2025031701401097000_96.3.209.41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-024-00961-z"},{"key":"2025031701401097000_96.3.209.42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2204705"},{"key":"2025031701401097000_96.3.209.43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/21678421.2012.735240"},{"key":"2025031701401097000_96.3.209.44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21678421.2018.1452944"},{"key":"2025031701401097000_96.3.209.45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e424","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000007861","article-title":"High BMI is associated with low ALS risk: A population-based study","volume":"93","author":"Nakken","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2025031701401097000_96.3.209.46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(21)00042-9"},{"key":"2025031701401097000_96.3.209.47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-021-05099-0"},{"key":"2025031701401097000_96.3.209.48","first-page":"204","article-title":"Medical and environmental risk factors associated with frontotemporal dementia: A case\u2010control study in a veteran population","volume":"8","author":"Kalkonde","year":"2012","journal-title":"Alz Dem"},{"key":"2025031701401097000_96.3.209.49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/2047-9158-3-13","article-title":"Cardiovascular risk factors and frontotemporal dementia: a case-control study","volume":"3","author":"Golimstok","year":"2014","journal-title":"Transl Neurodegener"},{"key":"2025031701401097000_96.3.209.50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awab420"},{"key":"2025031701401097000_96.3.209.51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-06463-6"},{"key":"2025031701401097000_96.3.209.52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-019-1448-9","article-title":"Causal association of type 2 diabetes with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: new evidence from Mendelian randomization using GWAS summary statistics","volume":"17","author":"Zeng","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"2025031701401097000_96.3.209.53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2014.1214"},{"key":"2025031701401097000_96.3.209.54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2005.083378"},{"key":"2025031701401097000_96.3.209.55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17482960701472249"},{"key":"2025031701401097000_96.3.209.56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000009156"},{"key":"2025031701401097000_96.3.209.57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e690","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000207485","article-title":"Association of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Clinical Progression in Patients With ALS: Post Hoc Analysis of the EMPOWER Trial","volume":"101","author":"Bjornevik","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2025031701401097000_96.3.209.58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.20316"},{"key":"2025031701401097000_96.3.209.59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwq416"},{"key":"2025031701401097000_96.3.209.60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/21678421.2015.1020813"},{"key":"2025031701401097000_96.3.209.61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.13840"},{"key":"2025031701401097000_96.3.209.62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24936"},{"key":"2025031701401097000_96.3.209.63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2021-327133"},{"key":"2025031701401097000_96.3.209.64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/braincomms\/fcad211","article-title":"Primary care blood tests show lipid profile changes in pre-symptomatic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"5","author":"Thompson","year":"2023","journal-title":"Brain Commun"},{"key":"2025031701401097000_96.3.209.65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21678421.2020.1822411"},{"key":"2025031701401097000_96.3.209.66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2018.03.022","article-title":"Polygenic link between blood lipids and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"67","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"key":"2025031701401097000_96.3.209.67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddy384"},{"key":"2025031701401097000_96.3.209.68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.15810"},{"key":"2025031701401097000_96.3.209.69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/21678421.2012.732078"},{"key":"2025031701401097000_96.3.209.70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13760-021-01753-8"},{"key":"2025031701401097000_96.3.209.71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1080\/21678421.2023.2255622","article-title":"Genetic variation in targets of lipid-lowering drugs and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis risk: a Mendelian randomization study","volume":"25","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Amyotroph Later Scler Frontotemporal Degener"},{"key":"2025031701401097000_96.3.209.72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines11051359","article-title":"Mendelian Randomization Analysis Reveals Statins Potentially Increase Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Risk Independent of Peripheral Cholesterol-Lowering Effects","volume":"11","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"2025031701401097000_96.3.209.73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2011-301161"},{"key":"2025031701401097000_96.3.209.74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2020.117292"},{"key":"2025031701401097000_96.3.209.75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2010.236752"},{"key":"2025031701401097000_96.3.209.76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.51619"},{"key":"2025031701401097000_96.3.209.77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.25727"},{"key":"2025031701401097000_96.3.209.78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.25443"},{"key":"2025031701401097000_96.3.209.79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2020-323316"},{"key":"2025031701401097000_96.3.209.80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-021-00973-1"},{"key":"2025031701401097000_96.3.209.81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.25431"},{"key":"2025031701401097000_96.3.209.82","first-page":"e2","article-title":"Cardiology patient pages","volume":"107","author":"Myers","year":"2003","journal-title":"Exerc Cardiovasc Health Circul"},{"key":"2025031701401097000_96.3.209.83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12001"},{"key":"2025031701401097000_96.3.209.84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2022.4178"},{"key":"2025031701401097000_96.3.209.85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awh373"},{"key":"2025031701401097000_96.3.209.86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2022-329675"},{"key":"2025031701401097000_96.3.209.87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(23)00027-0"},{"key":"2025031701401097000_96.3.209.88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2192568218813916"},{"key":"2025031701401097000_96.3.209.89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-016-0119-9"},{"key":"2025031701401097000_96.3.209.90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-015-0077-7"},{"key":"2025031701401097000_96.3.209.91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwm153"},{"key":"2025031701401097000_96.3.209.92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awac470"},{"key":"2025031701401097000_96.3.209.93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/09727531221120358"},{"key":"2025031701401097000_96.3.209.94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-023-00867-2"},{"key":"2025031701401097000_96.3.209.95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2016.06.015"},{"key":"2025031701401097000_96.3.209.96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16030337","article-title":"Occupational Exposures and Neurodegenerative Diseases-A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analyses","volume":"16","author":"Gunnarsson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"2025031701401097000_96.3.209.97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/reveh-2020-0041"},{"key":"2025031701401097000_96.3.209.98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.62.6.562"},{"key":"2025031701401097000_96.3.209.99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/CLEP.S37505"},{"key":"2025031701401097000_96.3.209.100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2023.127165"},{"key":"2025031701401097000_96.3.209.101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.152504"},{"key":"2025031701401097000_96.3.209.102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2013.11.016"},{"key":"2025031701401097000_96.3.209.103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108742","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2019.108742","article-title":"Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis incidence following exposure to inorganic selenium in drinking water: A long-term follow-up","volume":"179","author":"Vinceti","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"key":"2025031701401097000_96.3.209.104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000460253"},{"key":"2025031701401097000_96.3.209.105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/d0mt00051e"},{"key":"2025031701401097000_96.3.209.106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acschemneuro.3c00128"},{"key":"2025031701401097000_96.3.209.107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0185751","article-title":"Military service, deployments, and exposures in relation to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis survival","volume":"12","author":"Beard","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025031701401097000_96.3.209.108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ane.13345"},{"key":"2025031701401097000_96.3.209.109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-021-10928-5"},{"key":"2025031701401097000_96.3.209.110","article-title":"Environmental and lifestyle risk factors for early-onset dementia: a systematic review","volume":"93","author":"Bosi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Biomed"},{"key":"2025031701401097000_96.3.209.111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17217941","article-title":"Environmental Risk Factors for Early-Onset Alzheimer\u2019s Dementia and Frontotemporal Dementia: A Case-Control Study in Northern Italy","volume":"17","author":"Adani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"2025031701401097000_96.3.209.112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14737175.2023.2228491"},{"key":"2025031701401097000_96.3.209.113","first-page":"1538","article-title":"Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Other Motor Neuron Diseases","volume":"29","author":"Izenberg","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cont (Mt Lawley)"},{"key":"2025031701401097000_96.3.209.114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awab365"},{"key":"2025031701401097000_96.3.209.115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awr179"},{"key":"2025031701401097000_96.3.209.116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-023-00878-z"},{"key":"2025031701401097000_96.3.209.117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awac185"},{"key":"2025031701401097000_96.3.209.118","unstructured":"Huntington\u2019s Disease Society of America . Genetic testing protocol for Huntington\u2019s disease. Huntington\u2019s Disease Society of America; 2016. Available: https:\/\/hdsa.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/HDSA-Gen-Testing-Protocol-for-HD.pdf"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery &amp; Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/jnnp-2024-334339","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,17]],"date-time":"2025-03-17T04:41:14Z","timestamp":1742186474000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jnnp.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/jnnp-2024-334339"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,21]]},"references-count":118,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,13]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/jnnp-2024-334339"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jnnp-2024-334339","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3050","1468-330X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3050","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-330X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,21]]}}}