{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T10:19:18Z","timestamp":1792664358648,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,18]],"date-time":"2024-12-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734480000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001922","name":"Efficacy and Mechanism Evaluation Programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["11\/30\/11"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11\/30\/11"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001922","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,30]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Optical coherence tomography (OCT) inner retinal metrics reflect neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis (MS). We explored OCT measures as biomarkers of disease severity in secondary progressive MS (SPMS).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We investigated people with SPMS from the Multiple Sclerosis-Secondary Progressive Multi-Arm Randomisation Trial OCT substudy, analysing brain MRIs, clinical assessments and OCT at baseline and 96 weeks. We measured peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer (pRNFL) and macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) thicknesses. Statistical analysis included correlations, multivariable linear regressions and mixed-effects models.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of the 212 participants recruited at baseline, 192 attended at 96 weeks follow-up. Baseline pRNFL and GCIPL thickness correlated with Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) (respectively, r=0.33 (95% CI 0.20 to 0.47); r=0.39 (0.26 to 0.51)) and deep grey matter volume (respectively, r=0.21 (0.07 to 0.35); r=0.28 (0.14 to 0.41)).<\/jats:p><jats:p>pRNFL was associated with Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score change (normalised beta (B)=\u22120.12 (\u22120.23 to \u22120.01)). Baseline pRNFL and GCIPL were associated with Timed 25-Foot Walk change (T25FW) (respectively, B=\u22120.14 (\u22120.25 to \u22120.03); B=\u22120.20 (\u22120.31 to \u22120.10)) and 96-week percentage brain volume change (respectively, B=0.14 (0.03 to 0.25); B=0.23 (0.12 to 0.34)). There were significant annualised thinning rates: pRNFL (\u22120.83 \u00b5m\/year) and GCIPL (\u22120.37 \u00b5m\/year).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>In our cohort of people with SPMS and long disease duration, OCT measures correlated with SDMT and deep grey matter volume at baseline; EDSS, T25FW and whole brain volume change at follow-up.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2024-334801","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,18]],"date-time":"2024-12-18T16:45:17Z","timestamp":1734540317000},"page":"647-654","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Optical coherence tomography in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis: cross-sectional and longitudinal exploratory analysis from the MS-SMART randomised controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"96","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"nct01910259","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"}],"author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9833-1435","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Floriana","family":"De Angelis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James R","family":"Cameron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arman","family":"Eshaghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Parker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3892-8037","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Connick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Stutters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6666-7244","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Domenico","family":"Plantone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anisha","family":"Doshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9834-4498","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nevin","family":"John","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1953-2803","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alberto","family":"Calvi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"MacManus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frederik","family":"Barkhof","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6827-1593","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Siddharthan","family":"Chandran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher J","family":"Weir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4441-3750","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed","family":"Toosy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeremy","family":"Chataway","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025061300350692000_96.7.647.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2020-324286"},{"key":"2025061300350692000_96.7.647.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458517729768"},{"key":"2025061300350692000_96.7.647.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(13)70259-X"},{"key":"2025061300350692000_96.7.647.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458511418630"},{"key":"2025061300350692000_96.7.647.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24487"},{"key":"2025061300350692000_96.7.647.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awq080"},{"key":"2025061300350692000_96.7.647.7","article-title":"Retinal inner nuclear layer volume reflects inflammatory disease activity in multiple sclerosis; 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