{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T06:20:09Z","timestamp":1789194009103,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"989","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,3,1]],"date-time":"2008-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1204329600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) characterised by multifocal areas of demyelination in the white matter of the brain and spinal cord. Autoantibodies, for example antinuclear antibodies, can also be present. MS and other demyelinating processes, such as transverse myelitis and optic neuritis (which may be clinically isolated cases or be part of the clinical spectrum of MS), are sometimes difficult to differentiate from CNS involvement in systemic autoimmune diseases like systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), Sjoegren's syndrome (SS), and Adamantiades-Behcet disease (BD). An acute isolated neurological syndrome presents the biggest diagnostic problem, since it is common in MS, but can also be the only feature or first manifestation in SLE, APS, SS, and BD. Indeed, the clinical presentation and lesions evidenced by magnetic resonance imaging may be similar.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2005.075861","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,16]],"date-time":"2006-02-16T21:48:23Z","timestamp":1140126503000},"page":"127-132","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Demyelination in rheumatic diseases"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"84","author":[{"given":"A","family":"Theodoridou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Unit of the 1st Internal Medicine Department, AHEPA University Hospital , Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L","family":"Settas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Unit of the 1st Internal Medicine Department, AHEPA University Hospital , Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,3,27]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"2023041909421667500_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keh532","article-title":"Multiple sclerosis, neuropsychiatric lupus and antiphospholipid syndrome: where do we stand?","volume":"44","author":"Ferreira","year":"2005","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"2023041909421667500_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/93.8.497","article-title":"Warfarin for multiple sclerosis?","volume":"93","author":"Ruiz-Irastoza","year":"2000","journal-title":"Q J Med"},{"key":"2023041909421667500_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"966","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.31.8.966","article-title":"Acute transverse myelitis: incidence and etiologic considerations","volume":"31","author":"Berman","year":"1981","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2023041909421667500_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-200001000-00006","article-title":"Can neurologic manifestations of Hughes' (antiphospholipid) syndrome be distinguished from multiple sclerosis. Analysis of 27 patients and review of the literature","volume":"79","author":"Cuadrado","year":"2000","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"2023041909421667500_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1136\/pmj.79.928.81","article-title":"Migraine, memory loss, and \u201cmultiple sclerosis\u201d. Neurological features of the antiphospholipid (Hughes\u2019) syndrome","volume":"79","author":"Hughes","year":"2003","journal-title":"Postgrad Med J"},{"key":"2023041909421667500_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.1032","article-title":"Recommended diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis: guidelines from the International Panel on the Diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis","volume":"50","author":"McDonald","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"2023041909421667500_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1269","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/113.5.1269","article-title":"A study of immunoglobulin G in the cerebrospinal fluid of 1007 patients with suspected neurological disease using isoelectric focusing and the log IgG-index. A comparison and diagnostic applications","volume":"113","author":"McLean","year":"1990","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"2023041909421667500_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(199904)42:4<599::AID-ANR2>3.0.CO;2-F","volume":"42","author":"The American College of Rheumatology nomenclature and case definitions for neuropsychiatric lupus syndromes","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"2023041909421667500_bib9","first-page":"593","volume-title":"Systemic lupus erythematosus","author":"Bluestein","year":"1987"},{"key":"2023041909421667500_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2059","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/120.11.2059","article-title":"Comparison of MRI criteria at first presentation to predict conversion to clinically definite multiple sclerosis","volume":"120","author":"Barkhof","year":"1997","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"2023041909421667500_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.58.8_suppl_4.S23","article-title":"MRI in the diagnosis and management of multiple sclerosis","volume":"58","author":"Arnold","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2023041909421667500_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.68.2.170","article-title":"Brain involvement in systemic immune mediated diseases: magnetic resonance and magnetization transfer imaging study","volume":"68","author":"Rovaris","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"2023041909421667500_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1391","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.31.11.1391","article-title":"Sjoegren's syndrome: central nervous system manifestations","volume":"31","author":"Alexander","year":"1981","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2023041909421667500_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410440408","article-title":"A subgroup of multiple sclerosis patients with anticardiolipin antibodies and unusual clinical manifestations: do they represent a new nosological entity?","volume":"44","author":"Karussis","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"2023041909421667500_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1006\/jaut.2000.0367","article-title":"Prevalence and clinical significance of anti-phospholipid antibodies in multiple sclerosis: a study of 89 patients","volume":"14","author":"Roussel","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"key":"2023041909421667500_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1968.00470340023001","article-title":"Myelopathy in systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"18","author":"Penn","year":"1968","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"2023041909421667500_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.59.2.120","article-title":"Transverse myelopathy in systemic lupus erythematosus: an analysis of 14 cases and review of the literature","volume":"59","author":"Kovacs","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"2023041909421667500_bib18","first-page":"34","article-title":"Transverse myelitis: a manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus strongly associated with antiphospholipid antibodies","volume":"17","author":"Lavelle","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"2023041909421667500_bib19","first-page":"446","article-title":"Longitudinal involvement of the entire spinal cord and the medulla oblongata in acute catastrophic onset transverse myelitis in SLED","volume":"26","author":"Deodhar","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"2023041909421667500_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1142","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.57.9.1142","article-title":"Ischemic optic neuropathy, transverse myelitis and epilepsy in an antiphospholipid positive patient with systemic lupus erythematosus [letter]","volume":"57","author":"Cordeiro","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"2023041909421667500_bib21","first-page":"1425","article-title":"Shrinking spinal cord following transverse myelopathy in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus and the phospholipids antibody syndrome","volume":"25","author":"Schantz","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"2023041909421667500_bib22","first-page":"91","article-title":"Transverse myelitis: a complication of systemic lupus erythematosus that is associated with the antiphospholipid syndrome [abstract]","volume":"65","author":"Smyth","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ulster Med J"},{"key":"2023041909421667500_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-003-0399-8","article-title":"Recurrent transverse myelitis in primary antiphospholipid syndrome\u2013case report and literature review","volume":"24","author":"Kim","year":"2004","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023041909421667500_bib24","first-page":"34","article-title":"Transverse myelitis and antiphospholipid antibodies","volume":"17","author":"Medina-Rodriquez","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"2023041909421667500_bib25","first-page":"1911","article-title":"Lupus-related myelitis: serial MR findings","volume":"15","author":"Provenzale","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"2023041909421667500_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.26.11.1066","article-title":"A case of neuromyelitis optica (Devic's syndrome) in systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"26","author":"April","year":"1976","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2023041909421667500_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780300818","article-title":"Transverse myelitis and optic neuritis in systemic lupus erythematosus: a case report with magnetic resonance imaging findings","volume":"30","author":"Kenik","year":"1987","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"2023041909421667500_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1159\/000117285","article-title":"Systemic lupus erythematosus related transverse myelitis in a patient with myasthenia gravis and multiple sclerosis","volume":"36","author":"Tola","year":"1996","journal-title":"Eur Neurol"},{"key":"2023041909421667500_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00878876","article-title":"Lupus transverse myelopathy: better outcome with early recognition and aggressive high-dose intravenous corticosteroid pulse treatment","volume":"242","author":"Harisdangkul","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"2023041909421667500_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410250117","article-title":"The prevalence of primary Sjoegren's syndrome in a multiple sclerosis population","volume":"25","author":"Noseworthy","year":"1989","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"2023041909421667500_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-002-8287-2","article-title":"Transverse myelitis in patients with antiphospholipid antibodies\u2013the importance of early diagnosis and treatment","volume":"21","author":"Sherer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"2023041909421667500_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/41.4.470","article-title":"Neuromyelitis optica (Devic's syndrome) in systemic lupus erythematosus: a case report","volume":"41","author":"Gibbs","year":"2002","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"2023041909421667500_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1007\/s100670050069","article-title":"Optic neuropathy in systemic lupus erythematosus and antiphospholipid syndrome (APS): clinical features, pathogenesis, review of the literature and proposed ophthalmological criteria for APS diagnosis","volume":"18","author":"Giorgi","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"2023041909421667500_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.53.5.1107","article-title":"The clinical course of neuromyelitis optica (Devic's syndrome)","volume":"53","author":"Wingerchuk","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2023041909421667500_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/41.6.619","article-title":"The central nervous system in systemic lupus erythematosus. Part 2. Pathogenetic mechanisms of clinical syndromes: a literature investigation","volume":"41","author":"Jennekens","year":"2002","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"2023041909421667500_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1986.01050160120026","article-title":"Optic neuropathy in systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"104","author":"Jabs","year":"1986","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2023041909421667500_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(98)00372-6","article-title":"Cyclophosphamide pulse therapy in optic neuritis due to systemic lupus erythematosus: an open trial","volume":"106","author":"Galindo-Rodriguez","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"2023041909421667500_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1994.00420080127013","article-title":"Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome mimicking multiple sclerosis clinically and by magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"154","author":"Scott","year":"1994","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"2023041909421667500_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1191\/096120399678847461","article-title":"Antiphospholipid antibodies in patients with multiple sclerosis and MS-like illness: MS or APS?","volume":"8","author":"Ijdo","year":"1999","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"key":"2023041909421667500_bib40","first-page":"747","article-title":"Lupoid sclerosis with antiphospholipid and antimyelin antibodies","volume":"20","author":"Marullo","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"2023041909421667500_bib41","first-page":"43","article-title":"Serum IgG and IgM anticardiolipin antibodies in neurological diseases","volume":"81","author":"Rombos","year":"1990","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand"},{"key":"2023041909421667500_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.81","article-title":"Anticardiolipin antibodies are not a useful screening tool in a nonselected large group of patients with multiple sclerosis","volume":"49","author":"Sastre-Garriga","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"2023041909421667500_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1002\/art.10187","article-title":"Antiphospholipid syndrome: clinical and immunologic manifestations and patterns of disease expression in a cohort of 1000 patients","volume":"46","author":"Cervera","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"2","key":"2023041909421667500_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.3349\/ymj.2003.44.2.323","article-title":"Transverse myelitis in a patient with primary antiphospholipid syndrome","volume":"44","author":"Lee","year":"2003","journal-title":"Yonsei Med J"},{"issue":"6","key":"2023041909421667500_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02724305","article-title":"Recurrent acute transverse myelopathy: association with antiphospholipid antibody syndrome","volume":"71","author":"Shaharao","year":"2004","journal-title":"Indian J Pediatr"},{"key":"2023041909421667500_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9993(98)90150-2","article-title":"Three women with lupus transverse myelitis: case reports and differential diagnosis","volume":"79","author":"Inslicht","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"2023041909421667500_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-83-5-616","article-title":"Transverse myelopathy in systemic lupus erythematosus: report of three cases and review of the literature","volume":"83","author":"Andrianakos","year":"1975","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"2023041909421667500_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1381","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.51.11.1381","article-title":"Autoimmune optic neuropathy, evaluation and treatment","volume":"51","author":"Kupersmith","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"2023041909421667500_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.3109\/09273949309085023","article-title":"Skin biopsies in the evaluation of atypical optic neuropathies","volume":"1","author":"Bielory","year":"1993","journal-title":"Ocul Immunol Inflamm"},{"key":"2023041909421667500_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(03)00156-9","article-title":"Autoimmune optic neuropathy with anticardiolipin antibody mimicking multiple sclerosis in a child","volume":"136","author":"Frohman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2023041909421667500_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.43.2.455-a","article-title":"MS and Sjogren's syndrome","volume":"43","author":"Alexander","year":"1993","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2023041909421667500_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/27.4.275","article-title":"Sjoegren's syndrome: a study of its neurological complications","volume":"27","author":"Binder","year":"1988","journal-title":"Br J Rheum"},{"key":"2023041909421667500_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1016\/0896-8411(89)90179-0","article-title":"Neurological involvement in primary Sjoegren's syndrome: a preliminary report","volume":"2","author":"Andrianopoulos","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"key":"2023041909421667500_bib54","first-page":"467","article-title":"Acute transverse myelopathy in systemic lupus erythematosus: clinical presentation, treatment, and outcome","volume":"25","author":"Mok","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"2023041909421667500_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0404.2001.104002083.x","article-title":"Frequency and significance of anti-Ro (SS-A) antibodies in multiple sclerosis patients","volume":"104","author":"de Andres","year":"2001","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023041909421667500_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0049-0172(99)80032-8","article-title":"Sjoegren's syndrome: too many associations, too limited evidence. The enigmatic example of CNS involvement","volume":"29","author":"Ioannidis","year":"1999","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"2023041909421667500_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2000.15.1.115","article-title":"Primary Sjoegren's syndrome manifested as multiple sclerosis and cutaneous erythematous lesions: a case report","volume":"15","author":"Jung","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Korean Med Sci"},{"key":"2023041909421667500_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.42.4.845","article-title":"Primary Sjoegren's syndrome in patients with multiple sclerosis","volume":"42","author":"Sandberg-Wollheim","year":"1992","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2023041909421667500_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-108-6-815","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging of cerebral lesions in patients with the Sjoegren's syndrome","volume":"108","author":"Alexander","year":"1988","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"2023041909421667500_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-104-3-323","article-title":"Primary Sjoegren's syndrome with central nervous system disease mimicking multiple sclerosis","volume":"104","author":"Alexander","year":"1986","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"2023041909421667500_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1007\/s004150170135","article-title":"Neurological complications of primary Sjoegren's syndrome","volume":"248","author":"Lafitte","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"2023041909421667500_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.55.4.517","article-title":"Systemic autoimmune features and multiple sclerosis: a 5-year follow-up study","volume":"55","author":"Tourbah","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"2023041909421667500_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(02)01380-3","article-title":"Sjoegren's syndrome-associated myelopathy: response to immunosuppressive treatment","volume":"114","author":"Vincent","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"2023041909421667500_bib64","first-page":"799","article-title":"Optic neuropathy as an initial manifestation of Sjoegren's syndrome","volume":"15","author":"Wise","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"2023041909421667500_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-198207000-00004","article-title":"Neurologic complications of primary Sjoegren's syndrome","volume":"61","author":"Alexander","year":"1982","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"2023041909421667500_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1341","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780281205","article-title":"Primary Sjoegren's syndrome","volume":"28","author":"Molina","year":"1985","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023041909421667500_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/S0049-0172(99)80033-X","article-title":"Primary Sjoegren's syndrome with severe central nervous system disease","volume":"29","author":"Niemela","year":"1999","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"4","key":"2023041909421667500_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1022821800714","article-title":"Transverse myelitis occurring in association with primary biliary cirrhosis and Sjoegren's syndrome","volume":"48","author":"Anantharaju","year":"2003","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"2023041909421667500_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.39.260","article-title":"Sjoegren's syndrome with primary biliary cirrhosis, complicated by transverse myelitis and malignant lymphoma","volume":"39","author":"Wakatsuki","year":"2000","journal-title":"Intern Med"},{"key":"2023041909421667500_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(86)90095-8","article-title":"Primary biliary cirrhosis, Sjoegren's syndrome, and transverse myelitis","volume":"90","author":"Rutan","year":"1986","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2023041909421667500_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.39.193","article-title":"Sjoegren's syndrome associated with liver and neurological disorders, and malignant lymphoma","volume":"39","author":"Sugai","year":"2000","journal-title":"Intern Med"},{"key":"2023041909421667500_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.58.5.815","article-title":"Treatment of myelopathy in Sjoegren's syndrome with a combination of prednisone and cyclophosphamide","volume":"58","author":"Williams","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"2023041909421667500_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2171","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/122.11.2171","article-title":"Clinical patterns of neurological involvement in Behcet's disease: evaluation of 200 patients","volume":"122","author":"Akman-Demir","year":"1999","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"2023041909421667500_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1007\/s004150050205","article-title":"Behcet's disease and the nervous system","volume":"245","author":"Serdaroglu","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"2023041909421667500_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1007\/s002340050356","article-title":"MRI in neuro-Behcet's disease","volume":"39","author":"Tali","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"key":"2023041909421667500_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2003.08.040","article-title":"Cytokines and chemokines in neuro-Behcet's disease compared to multiple sclerosis and other neurological diseases","volume":"145","author":"Saruhan-Direskeneli","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"key":"2023041909421667500_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.43.3.210","article-title":"A clinical comparative study of multiple sclerosis and neuro-Behcet's syndrome","volume":"43","author":"Motomura","year":"1980","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"2023041909421667500_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1001740609978","article-title":"Demyelination of retinal myelinated nerve fibers in Behcet's disease","volume":"95","author":"Chavis","year":"1998","journal-title":"Doc Ophthalmol"}],"container-title":["Postgraduate Medical Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pmj\/article-pdf\/84\/989\/127\/50021414\/postgradmedj-84-127.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pmj\/article-pdf\/84\/989\/127\/50021414\/postgradmedj-84-127.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,19]],"date-time":"2023-04-19T09:49:16Z","timestamp":1681897756000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pmj\/article\/84\/989\/127\/7023463"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,3,1]]},"references-count":78,"journal-issue":{"issue":"989","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,3,27]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,3,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jnnp.2005.075861","relation":{},"ISSN":["0032-5473","1469-0756"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0032-5473","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-0756","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2008,3]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,3,1]]}}}