{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T05:31:54Z","timestamp":1784871114314,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1968,6,1]]},"DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.31.3.214","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,10]],"date-time":"2008-11-10T20:53:49Z","timestamp":1226350429000},"page":"214-225","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":275,"title":["Non-traumatic cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhoea."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"A K","family":"Ommaya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G","family":"Di Chiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Baldwin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J B","family":"Pennybacker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"27","article-title":"Traitement des fistules meningees ethmoido-frontales","volume":"83","author":"Aboulker, P.; Le Beau, J.; Sterkers, J.M.; Elbaz, P.","year":"1966","unstructured":"Aboulker, P., Le Beau, J., Sterkers, J. M., and Elbaz, P. (1966). Traitement des fistules meningees ethmoido-frontales. Ann. Oto-laryng. (Paris), 83, 27-32.","journal-title":"Ann. Oto-laryng. (Paris)"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1961.03620050089009","article-title":"Chronic spontaneous cerebrospinal rhinorrhea","volume":"107","author":"Anderson, W.M.; Schwarz, G.A.; Gammon, G.D.","year":"1961","unstructured":"Anderson, W. M., Schwarz, G. A., and Gammon, G. D. (1961). Chronic spontaneous cerebrospinal rhinorrhea. Arch. intern. Med., 107, 723-731.","journal-title":"Arch. intern. Med"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1177\/003591576605900249","article-title":"Experiences with cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhoea arising from the pituitary fossa","volume":"59","author":"Bateman, G.H.","year":"1966","unstructured":"Bateman, G. H. (1966). Experiences with cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhoea arising from the pituitary fossa. Proc. roy. Soc. Med., 59, 169-174.","journal-title":"Proc. roy. Soc. Med"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00957474","article-title":"Die Morphologie der Sella turcica und ihre Beziehungen zur hypophyse","volume":"320","author":"Busch, W.","year":"1951","unstructured":"Busch, W. (1951). Die Morphologie der Sella turcica und ihre Beziehungen zur hypophyse. Virchows Arch. path. Anat., 320, 437-458.","journal-title":"Virchows Arch. path. Anat"},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"325","article-title":"The localisation of cerebrospinal-fluid fistulae","volume":"2","author":"Crow, H.J.; Keogh, C.; Northfield, D.W.C.","year":"1956","unstructured":"Crow, H. J., Keogh, C., and Northfield, D. W. C. (1956). The localisation of cerebrospinal-fluid fistulae. Lancet, 2, 325-327.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1944.01230020080001","article-title":"Treatment of rhinorrhea and otorrhea","volume":"49","author":"Dandy, W.E.","year":"1944","unstructured":"Dandy, W. E. (1944). Treatment of rhinorrhea and otorrhea. Arch. Surg., 49, 75-85.","journal-title":"Arch. Surg"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1966.24.4.0743","article-title":"Evaluation of surgical and spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid shunts by isotope scanning","volume":"24","author":"Di Chiro, G.; Grove, Jr, A.S.","year":"1966","unstructured":"Di Chiro, G., and Grove, A. S., Jr. (1966). Evaluation of surgical and spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid shunts by isotope scanning. J. Neurosurg., 24, 743-748.","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.14.3.185","article-title":"RISA-ventriculography and RISA-cisternography","volume":"14","author":"Reames, P.M.; Matthews, Jr, W.B.","year":"1964","unstructured":"Reames, P. M., and Matthews, W. B., Jr. (1964). RISA-ventriculography and RISA-cisternography. Neurology (Minneap.), 14, 185-191.","journal-title":"Neurology (Minneap.)"},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"10011004","article-title":"Roentgenographic demonstration of a hypophysical subarachnoid space","volume":"80","author":"Engels, E.P.","year":"1958","unstructured":"Engels, E. P. (1958). Roentgenographic demonstration of a hypophysical subarachnoid space. Amer. J. Roentgenol., 80, 10011004.","journal-title":"Amer. J. Roentgenol"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.3109\/00016486409121385","article-title":"The reaction of glucose-oxidase test paper in normal nasal secretion","volume":"58","author":"Gadeholt, H.","year":"1964","unstructured":"Gadeholt, H. (1964). The reaction of glucose-oxidase test paper in normal nasal secretion. Acta oto-laryng. (Stockh.), 58, 271-272.","journal-title":"Acta oto-laryng. (Stockh.)"},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"215","article-title":"Observations on cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea and pneumocephalus","volume":"74","author":"Gotham, J.E.; Meyer, J.S.; Gilroy, J.; Bauer, R.B.","year":"1965","unstructured":"Gotham, J. E., Meyer, J. S., Gilroy, J., and Bauer, R. B. (1965). Observations on cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea and pneumocephalus. Ann. Otol. (St. Louis), 74, 215-233.","journal-title":"Ann. Otol. (St. Louis)"},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"412","article-title":"Heilung einer schwierigen Liquorfistel durch rhinochirurgisches Vorgehen","volume":"43","author":"Mennig, H.","year":"1964","unstructured":"Mennig, H. (1964). Heilung einer schwierigen Liquorfistel durch rhinochirurgisches Vorgehen. Z. Laryng. Rhinol., 43, 412-419.","journal-title":"Z. Laryng. Rhinol"},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"161","article-title":"Rinoliquorrea: Trattamento e risultati a distanza","volume":"16","author":"Nori, A.; Carteri, A.","year":"1964","unstructured":"Nori, A., and Carteri, A. (1964). Rinoliquorrea: Trattamento e risultati a distanza. Chir. ital., 16, 161-165.","journal-title":"Chir. ital"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/76.2.279","article-title":"The cerebrospinal fluid pressure as an aetiological factor in the development of lesions affecting the central nervous system","volume":"76","author":"O'Connell, J.E.A.","year":"1953","unstructured":"O'Connell, J. E. A. (1953). The cerebrospinal fluid pressure as an aetiological factor in the development of lesions affecting the central nervous system. Brain, 76, 279-298.","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.27.3.241","article-title":"Primary spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea","volume":"27","author":"O'Connell, J.E.A.","year":"1964","unstructured":"O'Connell, J. E. A. (1964). Primary spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiat., 27, 241-246.","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiat"},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"107","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea","volume":"15","author":"Ommaya, A.K.","year":"1964","unstructured":"Ommaya, A. K. (1964). Cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea. Neurology (Minneap.), 15, 107-113.","journal-title":"Neurology (Minneap.)"},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"317","article-title":"Trauma to the nervous system. Hunterian Lecture","volume":"39","author":"Ommaya, A.K.","year":"1966","unstructured":"Ommaya, A. K. (1966). Trauma to the nervous system. Hunterian Lecture. Ann. Roy. Coll. Surg. Eng., 39, 317-347.","journal-title":"Ann. Roy. Coll. Surg. Eng"},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"141","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea and otorrhea: Diagnosis and treatment in 35 cases","volume":"43","author":"Raskind, R.","year":"1965","unstructured":"Raskind, R. (1965). Cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea and otorrhea: Diagnosis and treatment in 35 cases. J. int. Coll. Surg., 43, 141-154.","journal-title":"J. int. Coll. Surg"},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"640","article-title":"Pantopaque visualization of a congenital dural defect of the internal auditory meatus causing rhinorrhea: Report of a case","volume":"91","author":"Rockett, F.X.; Wittenborg, M.H.; Shillito, Jr., J.; Matson, D.D.","year":"1964","unstructured":"Rockett, F. X., Wittenborg, M. H., Shillito, J., Jr., and Matson, D. D. (1964). Pantopaque visualization of a congenital dural defect of the internal auditory meatus causing rhinorrhea: Report of a case. Amer. J. Roentgenol., 91, 640-646.","journal-title":"Amer. J. Roentgenol"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-195704000-00008","article-title":"Chronic and delayed traumatic cerebrospinal rhinorrhea as a source of recurrent attacks of meningitis","volume":"145","author":"Schneider, R.C.; Thompson, J.M.","year":"1957","unstructured":"Schneider, R. C., and Thompson, J. M. (1957). Chronic and delayed traumatic cerebrospinal rhinorrhea as a source of recurrent attacks of meningitis. Ann. Surg., 145, 517-529.","journal-title":"Ann. Surg"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1148\/81.5.802","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea with demonstration of cranionasal fistula with Pantopaque","volume":"81","author":"Teng, P.; Edalatpour, N.","year":"1963","unstructured":"Teng, P., and Edalatpour, N. (1963). Cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea with demonstration of cranionasal fistula with Pantopaque. Radiology, 81, 802-806.","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1965.00760010058014","article-title":"Cerebrospinal rhinorrhea and otorrhea","volume":"82","author":"Teng, P.; Edalatpour, N.; Papatheodorou, C.","year":"1965","unstructured":"Teng, P., and Edalatpour, N. and Papatheodorou, C. (1965). Cerebrospinal rhinorrhea and otorrhea. Arch. Otolaryng., 82, 56-61.","journal-title":"Arch. Otolaryng"},{"key":"ref_23","article-title":"The Cerebrospinal Fluid; Its Spontaneous Escape From the Nose","author":"Thomson, St C.","year":"1899","unstructured":"Thomson, St. C. (1899). The Cerebrospinal Fluid; Its Spontaneous Escape From the Nose. Cassell, London."},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"212","article-title":"Considerazioni su un caso di grave cranio-rinoliquorrea da presistenza del canale basi-occipitale","volume":"70","author":"Voena, G.","year":"1959","unstructured":"Voena, G. (1959). Considerazioni su un caso di grave cranio-rinoliquorrea da presistenza del canale basi-occipitale. Arch. ital. Otol., 70, 212-222.","journal-title":"Arch. ital. Otol"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1964.00750040224022","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea","volume":"80","author":"Vrabec, D. P.; Hallberg, 0. E","year":"1964","unstructured":"Vrabec, D. P., and Hallberg, 0. E. (1964). Cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea. Arch. Otolaryng., 80, 218-229.","journal-title":"Arch. Otolaryng"},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"97","article-title":"The neuropathological effects resulting from the intrathecal injection of chemical substances","volume":"4","author":"Wolman, L.","year":"1966","unstructured":"Wolman, L. (1966). The neuropathological effects resulting from the intrathecal injection of chemical substances. Pararlegia, 4, 97-115.","journal-title":"Pararlegia"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/jnnp.31.3.214","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,26]],"date-time":"2020-09-26T02:22:11Z","timestamp":1601086931000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jnnp.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/jnnp.31.3.214"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1968,6,1]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1968,6,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jnnp.31.3.214","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3050"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3050","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1968,6,1]]}}}