{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T11:25:38Z","timestamp":1778066738372,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1977,2,1]]},"DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.40.2.192","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,10]],"date-time":"2008-11-10T21:02:42Z","timestamp":1226350962000},"page":"192-195","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Painful tic convulsif."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"W A","family":"Pulsinelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D A","family":"Rottenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","reference":[{"key":"ref_1","article-title":"Angiography Surgery Surgery Campbell and Keedy","volume-title":"This report Gardner","year":"1947","unstructured":"Angiography Surgery Surgery Campbell and Keedy (1947) Gardner (1968) This report Gardner (1968) Gardner (1968) Revilla (1947)"},{"key":"ref_2","article-title":"described two patients with hemifacial spasm and ipsilateral trigeminal neuralgia. His first patient had clear-cut cerebellar signs and was therefore atypical, and his second patient was not subjected to angiography. Both patients were excluded from the series. Two other patients-one with a cirsoid aneurysm and one with a cholesteatoma-were excluded because the only documentation of their illness was passing reference in a paper by","author":"Maurice-Williams","year":"1973","unstructured":"Maurice-Williams (1973) described two patients with hemifacial spasm and ipsilateral trigeminal neuralgia. His first patient had clear-cut cerebellar signs and was therefore atypical, and his second patient was not subjected to angiography. Both patients were excluded from the series. Two other patients-one with a cirsoid aneurysm and one with a cholesteatoma-were excluded because the only documentation of their illness was passing reference in a paper by Gardner (1968)."},{"key":"ref_3","article-title":"The facial pain of painful tic convulsif was usually relieved by diphenylhydantoin, carbamazepine, or a combination of the two. Neither of these medications relieved the hemifacial spasm, however. Ethanol injection of the gasserian ganglion temporarily relieved some patients of their trigeminal neuralgia but had no effect on their hemifacial spasm. Successful treatment of hemifacial spasm in painful tic convulsif-that is, alleviation of spasm with preservation of seventh nerve function-has been achieved only by Gardner (1968), whose operation involves saline neurolysis of the facial nerve within the posterior fossa","unstructured":"The facial pain of painful tic convulsif was usually relieved by diphenylhydantoin, carbamazepine, or a combination of the two. Neither of these medications relieved the hemifacial spasm, however. Ethanol injection of the gasserian ganglion temporarily relieved some patients of their trigeminal neuralgia but had no effect on their hemifacial spasm. Successful treatment of hemifacial spasm in painful tic convulsif-that is, alleviation of spasm with preservation of seventh nerve function-has been achieved only by Gardner (1968), whose operation involves saline neurolysis of the facial nerve within the posterior fossa."},{"key":"ref_4","article-title":"Although Cushing is credited with the princeps artery at surgery when the 'routine cerebellar description of painful tic convulsif, it was Campbell approach' is used. He suggests that in those cases of and Keedy","volume-title":"who fiist drew attention to a painful tic convulsif explored surgically without possible common aetiology for the trigeminal previous angiography, vertebral ectasia was not neuralgia and ipsilateral hemifacial spasm. Gardner appreciated and basilar ectasia misdiagnosed","year":"1947","unstructured":"Although Cushing is credited with the princeps artery at surgery when the 'routine cerebellar description of painful tic convulsif, it was Campbell approach' is used. He suggests that in those cases of and Keedy (1947) who fiist drew attention to a painful tic convulsif explored surgically without possible common aetiology for the trigeminal previous angiography, vertebral ectasia was not neuralgia and ipsilateral hemifacial spasm. Gardner appreciated and basilar ectasia misdiagnosed."},{"key":"ref_5","article-title":"has since discussed 'symptomatic' trigeminal neural-Gardner and Dohn","volume-title":"as 'S-shaped elongations of the arteriofossa-usually vertebrobasilar ectasia-and that sclerotic basilar and\/or vertebral arteries, with multiple sclerosis may be responsible for the rare consequent bulging that compresses the fifth or the occurrence of this syndrome in younger patients","year":"1944","unstructured":"has since discussed 'symptomatic' trigeminal neural-Gardner and Dohn (1944) as 'S-shaped elongations of the arteriofossa-usually vertebrobasilar ectasia-and that sclerotic basilar and\/or vertebral arteries, with multiple sclerosis may be responsible for the rare consequent bulging that compresses the fifth or the occurrence of this syndrome in younger patients."},{"key":"ref_6","article-title":"A most intriguing case of the disorder was","author":"Campbell, E.; Keedy, C.","year":"1947","unstructured":"A most intriguing case of the disorder was reported Campbell, E., and Keedy, C. (1947). Hemifacial spasm: by Ehni and Woltman in 1945. Their patient was a A note on the etiology in two cases. Journal of Neuro-","edition":"reported","journal-title":"Journal of Neuro-; Hemifacial spasm: by Ehni and Woltman in 1945. Their patient was a A note on the etiology in two cases"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1097\/00000441-192008000-00001","article-title":"The major trigeminal neuralgias and their surgical treatment","volume":"160","author":"Cushing, H.","year":"1920","unstructured":"Cushing, H. (1920). The major trigeminal neuralgias and their surgical treatment. American Journal of the Medical Sciences, 160, 157-184.","journal-title":"American Journal of the Medical Sciences"},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"60","article-title":"Intracranial Arterial Aneurysms","author":"Dandy, W.E.","year":"1944","unstructured":"Dandy, W. E. (1944). Intracranial Arterial Aneurysms, pp. 60-66. Haffner: New York."},{"key":"ref_9","article-title":"Hemifacial spasm","volume":"53","author":"Ehni, G.; Woltman, H.W.","year":"1945","unstructured":"Ehni, G., and Woltman, H. W. (1945). Hemifacial spasm. Archives of Neurology and Psychiatry (Chic.), 53, continued without modification for 18 months'.","journal-title":"Archives of Neurology and Psychiatry (Chic.); continued without modification for 18 months"},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"1","article-title":"The onset of trigeminal neuralgia at age 21 years is","volume":"1960","author":"Gardner, W.J.","year":"1968","unstructured":"The onset of trigeminal neuralgia at age 21 years is Gardner, W. J. (1968). Trigeminal neuralgia. Clinical distinctly unusual and suggests the associated diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. Hemifacial spasm may also usher in an attack of multiple sclerosis (Thiebault et al., 1960), and, thus, the possibility exists that the cause of painful tic convulsif in Ehni and Woltman's patient was multiple sclerosis rather Neurosurgery, 15, 1-56.","journal-title":"et al; Trigeminal neuralgia. Clinical distinctly unusual and suggests the associated diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. Hemifacial spasm may also usher in an attack of multiple sclerosis (Thiebault"},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"555","article-title":"Trigeminal neuralgia-hemifacial spasm-Paget's disease: significance of this association","volume":"86","author":"Gardner, W.J.; Dohn, D.F.","year":"1965","unstructured":"Gardner, W. J., and Dohn, D. F. (1965). Trigeminal neuralgia-hemifacial spasm-Paget's disease: significance of this association. Brain, 86, 555-562.","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"209","article-title":"An analysis of 1433 cases of paroxysmal trigeminal neuralgia","volume":"63","author":"Harris, W.","year":"1940","unstructured":"Harris, W. (1940). An analysis of 1433 cases of paroxysmal trigeminal neuralgia. Brain, 63, 209-224.","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref_13","article-title":"Tic convulsif: the than a posterior fossa lesion","author":"Maurice-Williams, R.S.","year":"1973","unstructured":"Maurice-Williams, R. S. (1973). Tic convulsif: the than a posterior fossa lesion."},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"742","article-title":"trigeminal neuralgia and hemifacial The need for angiographic examination of the spasm","volume":"49","author":"association of","unstructured":"association of trigeminal neuralgia and hemifacial The need for angiographic examination of the spasm. Postgraduate Medical Journal, 49, 742-745.","journal-title":"Postgraduate Medical Journal"},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"\"pp. 296","article-title":"posterior fossa in patients with painful tic convulsif is","volume":"5","author":"Vinken, P.J.; Penman, J.","year":"1968","unstructured":"posterior fossa in patients with painful tic convulsif is Penman, J. (1968). Trigeminal neuralgia. In Handbook of self-evident. Even a CTT scan after the administration of intravenous contrast material may be inadequate to demonstrate the vascular anomaly. Surprisingly, in only two cases-our case and Gardner's case 6 (1968)-has the causative lesion been identified by arteriography. In both instances an ectatic vertebral artery was found. Gardner states that it is often Clinical Neurology, vol. 5, pp. 296-322. Edited by P. J. Vinken and G. W. Bruyn. Wiley: New York. Revilla, A. G. (1947). Tic douloureux and its relationship to tumors of the posterior fossa. Journal of Neurosurgery, 4, 233-239.","journal-title":"Clinical Neurology; Trigeminal neuralgia. In Handbook of self-evident. Even a CTT scan after the administration of intravenous contrast material may be inadequate to demonstrate the vascular anomaly. Surprisingly, in only two cases-our case and Gardner's case 6 (1968)-has the causative lesion been identified by arteriography. In both instances an ectatic vertebral artery was found"},{"key":"ref_16","article-title":"Hemispasme faciale dans la sclerose en plaques","volume":"32","author":"Thiebault, F.; Isch, F.; Isch-Treussard, C.; EbtingerJouffroy, J.","year":"1960","unstructured":"Thiebault, F., Isch, F., Isch-Treussard, C., and EbtingerJouffroy, J. (1960). Hemispasme faciale dans la sclerose en plaques. Revue Oto-Neuro-Ophthalmologique, 32, difficult to distinguish the basilar from the vertebral 162-166.","journal-title":"Revue Oto-Neuro-Ophthalmologique; difficult to distinguish the basilar from the vertebral 162-166"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/jnnp.40.2.192","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,26]],"date-time":"2020-09-26T02:39:23Z","timestamp":1601087963000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jnnp.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/jnnp.40.2.192"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1977,2,1]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1977,2,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jnnp.40.2.192","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3050"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3050","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1977,2,1]]}}}