{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T00:09:34Z","timestamp":1791072574992,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery &amp; Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1978,10,1]]},"DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.41.10.865","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,10]],"date-time":"2008-11-10T21:02:42Z","timestamp":1226350962000},"page":"865-873","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["The Babinski sign and the pyramidal syndrome."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"J","family":"Van Gijn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"38","article-title":"butions to motor control especially in primates","volume-title":"New Developments in Electromyography; Recherches sur l'anatomie pathocal Neurophysiology","volume":"3","author":"logique de la sclerose en plaques et etude; Clini-Babinski, J.","year":"1885","unstructured":"butions to motor control especially in primates. In New Developments in Electromyography and Clini-Babinski, J. (1885). Recherches sur l'anatomie pathocal Neurophysiology. Vol. 3, pp. 38-68. Edited by logique de la sclerose en plaques et etude compara-J. E. Desmedt. Karger: Basel."},{"key":"ref_2","article-title":"The plantar Archives de Physiologie Normale et Pathologique, reflex in man, with special reference to some con-","author":"Landau, W.M.; Clare, M.H.","year":"1959","unstructured":"Landau, W. M., and Clare, M. H. (1959). The plantar Archives de Physiologie Normale et Pathologique, reflex in man, with special reference to some con-"},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"321","article-title":"Sur le reflexe cutan6 plantaire dans absent","volume":"82","author":"Babinski, J.","year":"1896","unstructured":"Babinski, J. (1896). Sur le reflexe cutan6 plantaire dans absent. Brain, 82, 321-355.","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref_4","article-title":"certaines affections organiques du syste; me nerveux Lassek","volume-title":"The human pyramidal tract","author":"M, A.","year":"1944","unstructured":"certaines affections organiques du syste;me nerveux Lassek, A. M. (1944). The human pyramidal tract. X."},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"484","article-title":"Discussion, Congres international","volume":"52","author":"Babinski, J.","year":"1897","unstructured":"Babinski, J. (1897). Discussion, Congres international (Chicago), 52, 484-494.","journal-title":"(Chicago)"},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"896","volume":"11","author":"de Neurologie; Brussels","unstructured":"de Neurologie, Brussels. Bulletin Medical, 11, 896.","journal-title":"Bulletin Medical"},{"key":"ref_7","article-title":"The human pyramidal tract","author":"Lassek, A.M.","year":"1945","unstructured":"Lassek, A. M. (1945). The human pyramidal tract. Xi."},{"issue":"53","key":"ref_8","first-page":"375","article-title":"Observations Correlation of the Babinski sign and the pyramidal on the extensor plantar reflex and its relationship syndrome","volume":"82","author":"Brain, W.R.; Wilkinson, M.","year":"1959","unstructured":"Brain, W. R., and Wilkinson, M. (1959). Observations Correlation of the Babinski sign and the pyramidal on the extensor plantar reflex and its relationship syndrome. Archives of Neurology and Psychiatry to the functions of the pyramidal tract. Brain, 82, (Chicago), 53, 375-377.","journal-title":"Archives of Neurology and Psychiatry to the functions of the pyramidal tract. Brain"},{"key":"ref_9","article-title":"Neurological Anatomy in Relation","volume-title":"The pyramidal tract to Clinical Medicine. Second edition. Oxford Universymposium of inquiry","author":"Lassek, A.M.; Woolsey, C.N.; Walker, A.E.; Boshes, Brodal; A.","year":"1969","unstructured":"Lassek, A. M., Woolsey, C. N., Walker, A. E., Boshes, Brodal, A. (1969). Neurological Anatomy in Relation B., and Rose, A. S. (1957). The pyramidal tract to Clinical Medicine. Second edition. Oxford Universymposium of inquiry. Neurology (Minneapolis), 7, sity Press: New York and London."},{"key":"ref_10","article-title":"Is there a pyramidal tract?","author":"Bucy, P.C.","year":"1957","unstructured":"Bucy, P. C. (1957). Is there a pyramidal tract? Brain, Leestma, J. E., and Noronha, A. (1976). Pure motor","journal-title":"Pure motor"},{"key":"ref_11","article-title":"hypertrophy","author":"Chokroverty, S.; Rubino, F.A.; Haller, C.","year":"1975","unstructured":"Chokroverty, S., Rubino, F. A., and Haller, C. (1975). hypertrophy. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, Pure motor hemiplegia due to pyramidal infarction.","journal-title":"Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, Pure motor"},{"key":"ref_12","author":"Lundberg, A.; Voorhoeve, P.","year":"1962","unstructured":"Lundberg, A., and Voorhoeve, P. (1962). Effects from"},{"key":"ref_13","article-title":"The the pyramidal tract on spinal reflex arcs. A cta","author":"Crevel, H.van; Verhaart, W.J.C.","year":"1963","unstructured":"Crevel, H. van, and Verhaart, W. J. C. (1963). The the pyramidal tract on spinal reflex arcs. A cta"},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"495","article-title":"exact\" origin of the pyramidal tract","volume":"56","author":"Anatomy,","year":"201-219.","unstructured":"exact\" origin of the pyramidal tract. Journal of Physiologica Scandinavica, 56, 201-219. Anatomy, 97, 495-515.","journal-title":"Journal of Physiologica Scandinavica"},{"key":"ref_15","article-title":"The effects","author":"McDonald, W.I.; Sears, T.A.","year":"1970","unstructured":"McDonald, W. I., and Sears, T. A. (1970). The effects"},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"583","article-title":"Relationof experimental demyelination on conduction in the ship between various clinical signs in lesions of the central nervous system","volume":"93","author":"Dohrmann, G.J.; Nowack, W.J.","year":"1974","unstructured":"Dohrmann, G. J., and Nowack, W. J. (1974). Relationof experimental demyelination on conduction in the ship between various clinical signs in lesions of the central nervous system. Brain, 93, 583-598.","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"657","article-title":"Les reflexes d'automatisme medullaire et le phenomene des raccourcisseurs; leur valeur semiologique, leur signification physiologique","volume":"23","author":"Marie, P.; Foix, Ch","year":"1912","unstructured":"Marie, P., and Foix, Ch. (1912). Les reflexes d'automatisme medullaire et le phenomene des raccourcisseurs; leur valeur semiologique, leur signification physiologique. Revue Neurologique, 23, 657-676. Mayo Clinic (1963). Clinical Examination in Neurology. Second edition. Saunders: Philadelphia. Medical Research Council (1943). Aids to the Investigation of Peripheral Nerve Injuries. (War Memorandum No. 7). Her Majesty's Stationery Office: London.","journal-title":"Revue Neurologique; Clinical Examination in Neurology. Second edition"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-190004000-00002","article-title":"A case of unilateral progressive ascending paralysis, probably representing a new form of degenerative disease","volume":"27","author":"Mills, C.K.","year":"1900","unstructured":"Mills, C. K. (1900). A case of unilateral progressive ascending paralysis, probably representing a new form of degenerative disease. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 27, 195-200.","journal-title":"Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease"},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"250259","article-title":"The Babinski response: a review and new observations","volume":"18","author":"Nathan, P.W.; Smith, M.C.","year":"1955","unstructured":"Nathan, P. W., and Smith, M. C. (1955). The Babinski response: a review and new observations. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, 18, 250259.","journal-title":"Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"1","article-title":"Some comments on the pyramidal tract, with special reference to its individual variations in man. A cta Neurologica","volume":"39","author":"Nyberg-Hansen, R.; Rinvik, E.","year":"1963","unstructured":"Nyberg-Hansen, R., and Rinvik, E. (1963). Some comments on the pyramidal tract, with special reference to its individual variations in man. A cta Neurologica Scandinavica, 39, 1-30.","journal-title":"Scandinavica"},{"key":"ref_21","article-title":"Tumour limited to the arm centre, with a discussion of the relation of the Babinski reflex to motor lesions, it being present only if the leg fibres are implicated","author":"Potts, C.S.; Weisenburg, T.H.","year":"1910","unstructured":"Potts, C. S., and Weisenburg, T. H. (1910). Tumour limited to the arm centre, with a discussion of the relation of the Babinski reflex to motor lesions, it being present only if the leg fibres are implicated."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.37B4.540","article-title":"The distribution of the permanent paralysis in the lower limb in poliomyelitis-a clinical and pathological study","volume":"37","author":"Sharrard, W.J.W.","year":"1955","unstructured":"Sharrard, W. J. W. (1955). The distribution of the permanent paralysis in the lower limb in poliomyelitis-a clinical and pathological study. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, 37, 540-558.","journal-title":"Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery"},{"key":"ref_23","first-page":"1","article-title":"von (1887). Ueber einige bei Nervenkranken haufig vorkommende abnorme Mitbewegungen im Fusse und in den Zehen","volume":"6","author":"Striumpell, A.","unstructured":"Striumpell, A. von (1887). Ueber einige bei Nervenkranken haufig vorkommende abnorme Mitbewegungen im Fusse und in den Zehen. Neurologisches Centralblatt, 6, 1-4.","journal-title":"Neurologisches Centralblatt"},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"254","article-title":"von (1899). Zur Kenntnis der Hautund Sehnenreflexe bei Nervenkranken","volume-title":"Deutsche","volume":"15","author":"Strumpell, A.","unstructured":"Strumpell, A. von (1899). Zur Kenntnis der Hautund Sehnenreflexe bei Nervenkranken. Deutsche Zeitschrift fur Nervenheilkunde, 15, 254-273."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/63.1.36","article-title":"Pyramidal lesions in the monkey","volume":"63","author":"Tower, S.S.","year":"1940","unstructured":"Tower, S. S. (1940). Pyramidal lesions in the monkey. Brain, 63, 36-90.","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"43","article-title":"The pyramidal tract-its structure and functions in man and animals","volume":"3","author":"Verhaart, W.J.C.","year":"1962","unstructured":"Verhaart, W. J. C. (1962). The pyramidal tract-its structure and functions in man and animals. World Neurology, 3, 43-53.","journal-title":"World Neurology"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/S0303-8467(75)80003-5","article-title":"Proposal for a new nomenclature of some wellknown clinical syndromes","volume":"78","author":"Voorhoeve, P.E.; de Jong, J.M.B.V.","year":"1975","unstructured":"Voorhoeve, P. E., and de Jong, J. M. B. V. (1975). Proposal for a new nomenclature of some wellknown clinical syndromes. Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery, 78, 10-18.","journal-title":"Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/37.2.269","article-title":"The physiological significance of the reflex phenomena in spastic paralysis of the lower limbs","volume":"37","author":"Walshe, F.M.R.","year":"1914","unstructured":"Walshe, F. M. R. (1914). The physiological significance of the reflex phenomena in spastic paralysis of the lower limbs. Brain, 37, 269-336.","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/79.4.529","article-title":"The Babinski plantar response, its forms, and its physiological and pathological significance","volume":"79","author":"Walshe, F.M.R.","year":"1956","unstructured":"Walshe, F. M. R. (1956). The Babinski plantar response, its forms, and its physiological and pathological significance. Brain, 79, 529-556.","journal-title":"Brain"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery &amp; Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/jnnp.41.10.865","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,26]],"date-time":"2020-09-26T02:41:53Z","timestamp":1601088113000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jnnp.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/jnnp.41.10.865"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1978,10,1]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1978,10,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jnnp.41.10.865","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3050"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3050","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1978,10,1]]}}}