{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,12]],"date-time":"2024-09-12T02:35:12Z","timestamp":1726108512179},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery &amp; Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1982,10,1]]},"DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.45.10.905","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,10]],"date-time":"2008-11-10T21:16:40Z","timestamp":1226351800000},"page":"905-912","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Cranial computed tomography in the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"L A","family":"Loizou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E B","family":"Rolfe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H","family":"Hewazy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00344224","article-title":"Computer tomography of the cerebrum in multiple sclerosis","volume":"12","author":"Gyldensted, C.","year":"1976","unstructured":"Gyldensted C. Computer tomography of the cerebrum in multiple sclerosis. Neuroradiology 1976;12:33-42.","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(76)92797-5","article-title":"Computerised axial tomography in multiple sclerosis","volume":"1","author":"Cala, L.A.; Mastaglia, F.L.","year":"1976","unstructured":"Cala LA, Mastaglia FL. Computerised axial tomography in multiple sclerosis. Lancet 1976;1:689.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(78)90048-5","article-title":"Computerized tomography of brain and optic nerve in riiultiple sclerosis","volume":"36","author":"Cala, L.A.; Mastaglia, F.L.; Black, J.L.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Cala LA, Mastaglia FL, Black JL. Computerized tomography of brain and optic nerve in riiultiple sclerosis. J Neurol Sci 1978;36:411-26.","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.28.6.534","article-title":"Computerized cranial tomography in cerebral diseases of white matter","volume":"28","author":"Lane, B.; Carroll, B.A.; Pedley, T.A.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Lane B, Carroll BA, Pedley TA. Computerized cranial tomography in cerebral diseases of white matter. Neurology (Minneap) 1978;28:534-44.","journal-title":"Neurology (Minneap)"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410050106","article-title":"Computerized tomography in the diagnostic evaluation of multiple sclerosis","volume":"5","author":"Hershey, L.A.; Gado, M.H.; Trotter, J.L.","year":"1979","unstructured":"Hershey LA, Gado MH, Trotter JL. Computerized tomography in the diagnostic evaluation of multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol 1979;5:32-9.","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1980.00500570023002","article-title":"Computerized tomography in multiple sclerosis","volume":"37","author":"Reisner, T.; Maida, E.","year":"1980","unstructured":"Reisner T, Maida E. Computerized tomography in multiple sclerosis. Arch Neurol 1980;37:475-7.","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"35","article-title":"Computer tomography changes in multiple sclerosis","volume":"61","author":"Delouvrier, J.J.; Desbleds, M.T.; Tritschler, J.L.; Aboulker, J.; Nahum, H.","year":"1980","unstructured":"Delouvrier JJ, Desbleds MT, Tritschler JL, Aboulker J, Nahum H. Computer tomography changes in multiple sclerosis. J Radiol 1980;61:35-43.","journal-title":"J Radiol"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.bmb.a071393","article-title":"Diagnosis and classification of multiple sclerosis","volume":"33","author":"McDonald, W.I.; Halliday, A.M.","year":"1977","unstructured":"McDonald WI, Halliday AM. Diagnosis and classification of multiple sclerosis. Br Med Bull 1977;33:4-9.","journal-title":"Br Med Bull"},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"239","article-title":"CT scanning in demyelinating diseases","volume-title":"Computerized Tomography","author":"Wuthrich, R.; Gigli, H.; Wiggli, U.; Muller, H.R.; Elke, M.; Hunig, R.","year":"1976","unstructured":"Wuthrich R, Gigli H, Wiggli U, Muller HR, Elke M, Hunig R. CT scanning in demyelinating diseases. In: Lanksch W, Kazner E, eds, Cranial Computerized Tomography. Berlin: Springer Verlag 1976:239-43."},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"390","article-title":"Computerized axial transverse tomography in multiple sclerosis","volume":"26","author":"Jacobs, L.; Kinkel, W.R.","year":"1976","unstructured":"Jacobs L, Kinkel WR. Computerized axial transverse tomography in multiple sclerosis. Neurology (Minneap) 1976;26:390-1.","journal-title":"Neurology (Minneap)"},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"455","article-title":"Use of cerebral computer tomography for the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis","volume":"135","author":"Tritschler, J.L.; Delouvrier, J.J.; Masson, M.; Nahum, H.; Cambier, J.","year":"1979","unstructured":"Tritschler JL, Delouvrier JJ, Masson M, Nahum H, Cambier J. Use of cerebral computer tomography for the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. Rev Neurol (Paris) 1979;135:455-66.","journal-title":"Rev Neurol (Paris)"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00329059","article-title":"Iodide and xenon enhancement of computed tomography (CT) in multiple sclerosis","volume":"15","author":"Radue, E.W.; Kendall, B.E.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Radue EW, Kendall BE. Iodide and xenon enhancement of computed tomography (CT) in multiple sclerosis. Neuroradiology 1978;15:153-8.","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"issue":"25","key":"ref_13","first-page":"315","article-title":"The distribution of plaques in the cerebrum in multiple sclerosis","volume":"1962","author":"Brownell, B.; Hughes, J.T.","unstructured":"Brownell B, Hughes JT. The distribution of plaques in the cerebrum in multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1962;25:315-20.","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"\"1259","article-title":"Corpus callosum in multiple sclerosis","volume":"37","author":"Barnard, R.O.; Triggs, M.","year":"1974","unstructured":"Barnard RO, Triggs M. Corpus callosum in multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1974;37: 1259-64. s Carlen PL, Wilkinson DA, Wortzman G, et al. Cerebral atrophy and functional deficits in alcoholics without clinically apparent liver disease. Neurology (NY) 1981;31:377-85.","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry; Cerebral atrophy and functional deficits in alcoholics without clinically apparent liver disease"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.31.4_Part_2.405","article-title":"Cerebellar atrophy demonstrated by computed tomography","volume":"31","author":"Koller, W.C.; Glatt, S.L.; Perlik, S.; Huckman, M.S.; Fox, J.H.","year":"1981","unstructured":"Koller WC, Glatt SL, Perlik S, Huckman MS, Fox JH. Cerebellar atrophy demonstrated by computed tomography. Neurology (NY) 1981;31:405-12.","journal-title":"Neurology (NY)"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/0037-198X(77)90057-8","article-title":"Computed tomography in the diagnosis of degenerative diseases of the brain","volume":"12","author":"Huckman, M.S.; Fox, J.H.; Ramsey, R.G.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Huckman MS, Fox JH, Ramsey RG. Computed tomography in the diagnosis of degenerative diseases of the brain. Seminars in Roentgenology 1977;12: 63-75.","journal-title":"Seminars in Roentgenology"},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"\"689","article-title":"Interval computed tomography in multiple sclerosis","volume":"129","author":"Weinstein, M.A.; Lederman, R.J.; Rothner, A.D.; Duchesneau, P.M.; Norman, D.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Weinstein MA, Lederman RJ, Rothner AD, Duchesneau PM, Norman D. Interval computed tomography in multiple sclerosis. Radiology 1978; 129:689-94. '9 Aita JF, Bennett DR, Anderson RE, Ziter F. Cranial CT appearance of acute multiple sclerosis. Neurology (Minneap) 1978;28:251-5.","journal-title":"Radiology; Cranial CT appearance of acute multiple sclerosis"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.132.2.213","article-title":"CT detection of demyelinated plaques in multiple sclerosis","volume":"132","author":"Haughton, V.M.; Ho, K.C.; Williams, A.L.; Eldevik, O.P.","year":"1979","unstructured":"Haughton VM, Ho KC, Williams AL, Eldevik OP. CT detection of demyelinated plaques in multiple sclerosis. AJR 1979;132:213-5.","journal-title":"AJR"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1980.00500600086025","article-title":"Multiple sclerosis and cranial lesions","volume":"37","author":"Aita, J.F.","year":"1980","unstructured":"Aita JF. Multiple sclerosis and cranial lesions. Arch Neurol 1980;37:738.","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1016\/S0303-8467(78)80016-X","article-title":"Computerized tomography in patients with multiple sclerosis","volume":"80","author":"de Weerd AW","year":"1977","unstructured":"de Weerd AW. Computerized tomography in patients with multiple sclerosis. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 1977; 80:258-63.","journal-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1978.00500310028006","article-title":"Active multiple sclerosis. Enhanced computerized tomographic imaging of lesions and the effect of corticosteroids","volume":"35","author":"Sears, E.S.; Tindall, R.S.A.; Zarnow, H.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Sears ES, Tindall RSA, Zarnow H. Active multiple sclerosis. Enhanced computerized tomographic imaging of lesions and the effect of corticosteroids. Arch Neurol 1978;35:426-34.","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1978.00500310037007","article-title":"Acute multiple sclerosis with contrast-enhancing plaques","volume":"35","author":"Lebow, S.; Anderson, D.C.; Mastri, A.; Larson, D.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Lebow S, Anderson DC, Mastri A, Larson D. Acute multiple sclerosis with contrast-enhancing plaques. Arch Neurol 1978;35:435-9.","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.41.8.754","article-title":"Contrastenhanced lesions on computerised tomography in multiple sclerosis","volume":"41","author":"Harding, A.E.; Radue, E.W.; Whiteley, A.M.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Harding AE, Radue EW, Whiteley AM. Contrastenhanced lesions on computerised tomography in multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1978;41:754-8.","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1978.00500270065017","article-title":"Cranial CT and multiple sclerosis: contrast enhancing lesions","volume":"35","author":"Aita, J.F.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Aita JF. Cranial CT and multiple sclerosis: contrast enhancing lesions. Arch Neurol 1978;35:183.","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1148\/117.3.589","article-title":"An extravascular component of contrast enhancement in cranial computed tomography","volume":"117","author":"Gado, M.H.; Phelps, M.E.; Coleman, R.E.","year":"1975","unstructured":"Gado MH, Phelps ME, Coleman RE. An extravascular component of contrast enhancement in cranial computed tomography. Radiology 1975;117:589-93.","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1148\/117.3.595","article-title":"An extravascular component of contrast enhancement in cranial computed tomography","volume":"117","author":"Gado, M.H.; Phelps, M.E.; Coleman, R.E.","year":"1975","unstructured":"Gado MH, Phelps ME, Coleman RE. An extravascular component of contrast enhancement in cranial computed tomography. Radiology 1975;117:595-7.","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1974.00490330077015","article-title":"The abnormal brain scan in demyelinating disease","volume":"30","author":"Antunes, J.L.; Schlesinger, E.B.; Michelsen, W.J.","year":"1974","unstructured":"Antunes JL, Schlesinger EB, Michelsen WJ. The abnormal brain scan in demyelinating disease. Arch Neurol 1974;30:269-71.","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.38.2.120","article-title":"Abnormal brain scans in multiple sclerosis","volume":"38","author":"Cohan, S.L.; Formaglich, J.; Auth, T.L.","year":"1975","unstructured":"Cohan SL, Formaglich J, Auth TL. Abnormal brain scans in multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1975;38:120-2.","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1017\/S0317167100025750","article-title":"Computer tomography in disseminated sclerosis","volume":"3","author":"Warren, K.G.; Ball, M.J.; Paty, D.W.; Banna, M.","year":"1976","unstructured":"Warren KG, Ball MJ, Paty DW, Banna M. Computer tomography in disseminated sclerosis. Can J Neurol Sci 1976;3:211-6.","journal-title":"Can J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1017\/S0317167100024410","article-title":"Serial radionuclide scans in multiple sclerosis","volume":"5","author":"Murray, S.; Veidlinger, O.F.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Murray S, Veidlinger OF. Serial radionuclide scans in multiple sclerosis. Can J Neurol Sci 1978;5:321-3.","journal-title":"Can J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1980.00500520087022","article-title":"Multiple sclerosis and serial computerized tomography. Delayed contrast enhancement of acute and early lesions","volume":"37","author":"Morariu, M.A.; Wilkins, D.E.; Patel, S.","year":"1980","unstructured":"Morariu MA, Wilkins DE, Patel S. Multiple sclerosis and serial computerized tomography. Delayed contrast enhancement of acute and early lesions. Arch Neurol 1980;37:189-90.","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1980.00500570071013","article-title":"Atypical contrast enhancement in computerized tomography of demyelinating disease","volume":"37","author":"Marano, G.D.; Goodwin, C.A.; Ko, J.P.","year":"1980","unstructured":"Marano GD, Goodwin CA, Ko JP. Atypical contrast enhancement in computerized tomography of demyelinating disease. Arch Neurol 1980;37:523-4.","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1981.00510010093029","article-title":"Contrast dose in CT scanning","volume":"38","author":"Prendes, J.L.","year":"1981","unstructured":"Prendes JL. Contrast dose in CT scanning. Arch Neurol 1981;38:67-8.","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1148\/131.2.373","article-title":"Expanded high iodine dose in computed cranial tomography: A preliminary report","volume":"131","author":"Davis, J.M.; Davis, K.R.; Newhouse, J.; Pfister, R.C.","year":"1979","unstructured":"Davis JM, Davis KR, Newhouse J, Pfister RC. Expanded high iodine dose in computed cranial tomography: A preliminary report. Radiology 1979; 131:373-80.","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1980.00500570019001","article-title":"Exacerbations, activity and progression in multiple sclerosis","volume":"37","author":"Poser, C.M.","year":"1980","unstructured":"Poser CM. Exacerbations, activity and progression in multiple sclerosis. Arch Neurol 1980;37:471-4.","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/0363-8235(79)90003-6","article-title":"Computed tomography: Regression of periventricular enhancing lesions in multiple sclerosis","volume":"3","author":"Hyman, R.A.; Blankfein, R.J.; Pitman, E.R.; Naidich, J.B.; McGeachie, R.E.","year":"1979","unstructured":"Hyman RA, Blankfein RJ, Pitman ER, Naidich JB, McGeachie RE. Computed tomography: Regression of periventricular enhancing lesions in multiple sclerosis. Comput Tomogr 1979;3:93-6.","journal-title":"Comput Tomogr"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.31.7.901","article-title":"Occult arteriovenous malformation of the brainstem simulating multiple sclerosis","volume":"31","year":"1981","unstructured":"Britt RH, Connor WS, Enzmann DR. Occult arteriovenous malformation of the brainstem simulating multiple sclerosis. Neurology (NY) 1981; 31:901-3.","journal-title":"Neurology (NY)"},{"key":"ref_38","first-page":"307","article-title":"Cranial CT in multiple sclerosis showing a mass effect","volume":"12","author":"van der Velden M; GTAM, Bots; U, Endtz","year":"1979","unstructured":"van der Velden M, Bots GTAM, Endtz U. Cranial CT in multiple sclerosis showing a mass effect. Surg Neurol 1979;12:307-10.","journal-title":"Surg Neurol"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/103.2.281","article-title":"Course and prognosis of multiple sclerosis assessed by the computerized data processing of 349 patients","volume":"103","author":"Confavreux, C.; Aimard, G.; Devic, M.","year":"1980","unstructured":"' Confavreux C, Aimard G, Devic M. Course and prognosis of multiple sclerosis assessed by the computerized data processing of 349 patients. Brain 1980;103:281-300.","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410060508","article-title":"Chronic progressive myelopathy: Investigation with CSF electrophoresis, evoked potentials and CT scan","volume":"6","author":"Paty, D.W.; Blume, W.T.; Brown, W.F.; Jaatoul, N.; Kertesz, A.; McInnis, W.","year":"1979","unstructured":"Paty DW, Blume WT, Brown WF, Jaatoul N, Kertesz A, McInnis W. Chronic progressive myelopathy: Investigation with CSF electrophoresis, evoked potentials and CT scan. Ann Neurol 1979;6:419-24.","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"ref_41","first-page":"1063","article-title":"Cervical computed tomography in multiple sclerosis with spinal cord involvement","volume":"2","author":"Coin, C.G.; Hucks-Folliss, A.","year":"1981","unstructured":"Coin CG, Hucks-Folliss A. Cervical computed tomography in multiple sclerosis with spinal cord involvement. J Comput Assist Tomogr 1979;3:421-2. \" Young IR, Hall AS, Pallis CA, Bydder GM, Legg NJ, Steiner RE. Nuclear magnetic resonance of the brain in multiple sclerosis. Lancet 1981;2:1063-6.","journal-title":"Lancet; Comput Assist Tomogr 1979; 3: 421-2. \" Young IR"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery &amp; Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/jnnp.45.10.905","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,26]],"date-time":"2020-09-26T03:55:11Z","timestamp":1601092511000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jnnp.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/jnnp.45.10.905"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1982,10,1]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1982,10,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jnnp.45.10.905","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3050"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3050","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1982,10,1]]}}}