{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T03:27:13Z","timestamp":1771644433468,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery &amp; Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1983,12,1]]},"DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.46.12.1115","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,10]],"date-time":"2008-11-10T21:16:40Z","timestamp":1226351800000},"page":"1115-1118","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":98,"title":["The use of conventional electromyography to assess external sphincter neuropathy in man."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"D C","family":"Bartolo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J A","family":"Jarratt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N W","family":"Read","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.18.8.656","article-title":"Sphincter denervation in anorectal incontinence and rectal prolapse","volume":"18","author":"Parks, A.G.; Swash, M.; Urich, H.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Parks AG, Swash M, Urich H. Sphincter denervation in anorectal incontinence and rectal prolapse. Gut 1977;18:656-65.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"111","article-title":"Pathogenesis of anorectal incontinence: a histometric study of the anal canal musculature","volume":"42","author":"Beersiek, F.; Parks, A.G.; Swash, M.","year":"1979","unstructured":"Beersiek F, Parks AG, Swash M. Pathogenesis of anorectal incontinence: a histometric study of the anal canal musculature. J Neurol Sci 1979;42: 111-27.","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800680804","article-title":"Physiological studies of the anal sphincter musculature in faecal incontinence and rectal prolapse","volume":"68","author":"Neil, M.E.; Parks, A.G.; Swash, M.","year":"1981","unstructured":"Neil ME, Parks AG, Swash M. Physiological studies of the anal sphincter musculature in faecal incontinence and rectal prolapse. Br J Surg 1981;68:531-6.","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.43.4.343","article-title":"Increased motor unit fibre density in the external anal sphincter in ano-rectal incontinence: a single fibre EMG study","volume":"43","author":"Neill, M.E.; Swash, M.","year":"1980","unstructured":"Neill ME, Swash M. Increased motor unit fibre density in the external anal sphincter in ano-rectal incontinence: a single fibre EMG study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1980;43:343-7.","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"421","article-title":"EMG examination of the anal and urethral sphincters","volume-title":"New Developments in Electromyography and Clinical Neurophysiology Basle: Karger","volume":"2","author":"Chantraine, A.","year":"1973","unstructured":"Chantraine A. EMG examination of the anal and urethral sphincters. In: Desmedt JE, ed. New Developments in Electromyography and Clinical Neurophysiology Basle: Karger, 1973;2:421-32."},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"396","article-title":"Electromyographie des sphincters stries uretal et anal humains. Etude descriptive et analytique","volume":"115","author":"Chantraine, A.","year":"1966","unstructured":"Chantraine A. Electromyographie des sphincters stries uretal et anal humains. Etude descriptive et analytique. Rev Neurol (Paris) 1966;115:396-403.","journal-title":"Rev Neurol (Paris)"},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"406","article-title":"Electromyography of striated muscle of anal and urethral sphincters","volume-title":"New Developments in Electromyography and Clinical Neurophysiology","volume":"2","author":"Jesel, M.; Isch-Treussard, C.; Isch, F.","year":"1973","unstructured":"Jesel M, Isch-Treussard C, Isch F. Electromyography of striated muscle of anal and urethral sphincters. In: Desmedt JE. ed. New Developments in Electromyography and Clinical Neurophysiology Vol. 2. Basle: Karger, 1973:406-20."},{"key":"ref_8","article-title":"Morphological and Physiological Aspects of Anal Incontinence and Defaecation","author":"Kerremans, R.","year":"1969","unstructured":"Kerremans R. Morphological and Physiological Aspects of Anal Incontinence and Defaecation. Brussels: Ed. Arsica, SA, 1969."},{"issue":"3","key":"ref_9","first-page":"591","article-title":"Action potentials in muscular atrophy of neurogenic origin","volume":"1953","author":"Buchthal, F.; Pinelli, P.","unstructured":"Buchthal F, Pinelli, P. Action potentials in muscular atrophy of neurogenic origin. Neurology (Minneap) 1953:3:591-603.","journal-title":"Neurology (Minneap)"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref_10","first-page":"366","article-title":"Motor unit potentials at different ages","volume":"1962","author":"Sacco, G.; Buchthal, F.; Rosenfalk, P.","unstructured":"Sacco G, Buchthal F, Rosenfalk P. Motor unit potentials at different ages. Arch Neurol 1962;6:366-73.","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"ref_11","article-title":"The role of partial denervation of the puborectalis in idiopathic faecal incontinence","author":"Bartolo DCC, Jarratt JA, Read MG, Donnelly TC, Read NW","year":"1983","unstructured":"Bartolo DCC, Jarratt JA, Read MG, Donnelly TC, Read NW. The role of partial denervation of the puborectalis in idiopathic faecal incontinence. Br J Surg 1983; (in press).","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"1","article-title":"Electromyography in Normal Subjects of Different Age. Published by the Laboratory of Clinical Neurophysiology, Rigshospitalet","author":"Rosenfalck, P.","year":"1975","unstructured":"Rosenfalck P. Electromyography in Normal Subjects of Different Age. Published by the Laboratory of Clinical Neurophysiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, 1975; 1-49."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/11.3.175","article-title":"A neurogenic factor in faecal incontinence in the elderly","volume":"11","author":"Percy, J.P.; Neill, M.E.; Kandiah, T.K.; Swash, M.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Percy JP, Neill ME, Kandiah TK, Swash M. A neurogenic factor in faecal incontinence in the elderly. Age Ageing 1982;11: 175-9.","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"747","article-title":"A clinical study of patients with faecal","volume-title":"incontinence and diarrhoea. Gastroenterology 1979","volume":"76","author":"Read NW, Harford WV, Schmulen AC, Read MG, Santa AC, Fordtran JS","unstructured":"Read NW, Harford WV, Schmulen AC, Read MG, Santa AC, Fordtran JS. A clinical study of patients with faecal incontinence and diarrhoea. Gastroenterology 1979;76:747-56."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(69)90079-3","article-title":"The effects of aging and cachexia upon skeletal muscle. A histopathological study","volume":"9","author":"Tomlinson, B.E.; Walton, J.N.; Rebeiz, J.J.","year":"1969","unstructured":"Tomlinson BE, Walton JN, Rebeiz JJ. The effects of aging and cachexia upon skeletal muscle. A histopathological study. J Neurol Sci 1969;9:321-46.","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"113","article-title":"Single fibre EMG and microphysiology of the motor unit in normal and diseased human muscle","volume-title":"New Developments in Electromyography and Clinical Neurophysiology","volume":"1","author":"Stalberg, E.; Ekstedt, J.","year":"1973","unstructured":"Stalberg E, Ekstedt J. Single fibre EMG and microphysiology of the motor unit in normal and diseased human muscle. In: Desmedt JE, ed: New Developments in Electromyography and Clinical Neurophysiology. Basel. Karger 1973;1: 113-29."},{"issue":"35","key":"ref_17","first-page":"52","article-title":"Transmission block in terminal nerve twigs: A single fibre electromyographic finding in man","volume":"1972","author":"Stalberg, E.; Thiele, B.","unstructured":"Stalberg E, Thiele B. Transmission block in terminal nerve twigs: A single fibre electromyographic finding in man. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1972:35:52-9.","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery &amp; Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/jnnp.46.12.1115","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,26]],"date-time":"2020-09-26T04:00:09Z","timestamp":1601092809000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jnnp.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/jnnp.46.12.1115"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1983,12,1]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1983,12,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jnnp.46.12.1115","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3050"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3050","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1983,12,1]]}}}