{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T21:40:07Z","timestamp":1783719607699,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery &amp; Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1984,8,1]]},"DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.47.8.820","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,10]],"date-time":"2008-11-10T21:16:40Z","timestamp":1226351800000},"page":"820-823","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":157,"title":["Normal proximal and delayed distal conduction in the pudendal nerves of patients with idiopathic (neurogenic) faecal incontinence."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"E S","family":"Kiff","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Swash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.18.8.656","article-title":"Sphincter denervation in anorectal incontinence and rectal prolapse","volume":"18","author":"Parks, A.G.; Swash, M.; Urich, H.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Parks AG, Swash M, Urich H. Sphincter denervation in anorectal incontinence and rectal prolapse. Gut 1977; 18:656-65.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.43.4.343","article-title":"Increased motor unit fibre density in the external anal sphincter muscle in anorectal incontinence: a single fibre EMG study","volume":"43","author":"Neill, M.E.; Swash, M.","year":"1980","unstructured":"Neill ME, Swash M. Increased motor unit fibre density in the external anal sphincter muscle in anorectal incontinence: a single fibre EMG study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1980;43:343-7.","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800680804","article-title":"Physiological studies of the pelvic floor in idiopathic faecal incontinence and rectal prolapse","volume":"68","author":"Neill, M.E.; Parks, A.G.; Swash, M.","year":"1981","unstructured":"Neill ME, Parks AG, Swash M. Physiological studies of the pelvic floor in idiopathic faecal incontinence and rectal prolapse. Br J Surg 1981;68:531-6.","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"ref_4","article-title":"Slowed conduction in the pudendal nerves in idiopathic (neurogenic) faecal incontinence","author":"Kiff, E.S.; Swash, M.","unstructured":"Kiff ES, Swash M. Slowed conduction in the pudendal nerves in idiopathic (neurogenic) faecal incontinence. Br J Surg (in press).","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.41.9.813","article-title":"The latency of the anal reflex","volume":"41","author":"Marsden, C.D.; Merton, P.A.; Morton, H.B.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Marsden CD, Merton PA, Morton HB. The latency of the anal reflex. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1978;41:813-8.","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800671105","article-title":"The anal reflex in idiopathic faecal incontinence; an elctrophysiological study","volume":"67","author":"Henry, M.M.; Parks, A.G.; Swash, M.","year":"1980","unstructured":"Henry MM, Parks AG, Swash M. The anal reflex in idiopathic faecal incontinence; an elctrophysiological study. Br J Surg 1980;67:781-3.","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"62","article-title":"Nerves and Nerve Injuries","author":"Sunderland, S.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Sunderland S. Nerves and Nerve Injuries. 2nd ed. Edinburgh: Churchill-Livingstone, 1978:62-6.","edition":"2nd ed"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.44.1.9","article-title":"Electroejaculation: its technique, neurological implications and uses","volume":"44","author":"Brindley, G.S.","year":"1981","unstructured":"Brindley GS. Electroejaculation: its technique, neurological implications and uses. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1981;44: 9-18.","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1290","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(78)91271-0","article-title":"Assessment of pelvic floor disorders and incontinence by electrophysiological recordings of the anal reflex","volume":"1","author":"Henry, M.M.; Swash, M.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Henry MM, Swash M. Assessment of pelvic floor disorders and incontinence by electrophysiological recordings of the anal reflex. Lancet 1978; 1: 1290-1.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"2","article-title":"The neuropathology of idiopathic faecal incontinence","volume":"1982","author":"Swash, M.","unstructured":"Swash M. The neuropathology of idiopathic faecal incontinence. In: Smith WT, Cavanagh JB, eds. Recent Advances in Neuropathology. Edinburgh: Churchill-Livingstone, 1982:2.","journal-title":"Recent Advances in Neuropathology. Edinburgh: Churchill-Livingstone"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.45.9.767","article-title":"Early and late components in the human anal reflex","volume":"45","author":"Swash, M.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Swash M. Early and late components in the human anal reflex. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1982;45:767-9.","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.45.9.770","article-title":"Anal sphincter responses after perianal electrical stimulation","volume":"45","author":"Pedersen, E.; Klemar, B.; Schroder, H.D.; Torring, J.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Pedersen E, Klemar B, Schroder HD, Torring J. Anal sphincter responses after perianal electrical stimulation. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1982;45:770-3.","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.46.1.67","article-title":"Direct and reflex responses in perineal muscles on electrical stimulation","volume":"46","author":"Vodusek, D.B.; Janko, M.; Lokar, J.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Vodusek DB, Janko M, Lokar J. Direct and reflex responses in perineal muscles on electrical stimulation. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1983;46:67-71.","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery &amp; Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/jnnp.47.8.820","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,26]],"date-time":"2020-09-26T04:06:27Z","timestamp":1601093187000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jnnp.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/jnnp.47.8.820"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1984,8,1]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1984,8,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jnnp.47.8.820","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3050"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3050","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1984,8,1]]}}}