{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T21:02:47Z","timestamp":1784062967677,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1985,6,1]]},"DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.48.6.556","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,10]],"date-time":"2008-11-10T21:16:40Z","timestamp":1226351800000},"page":"556-563","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Impairment of remote memory after closed head injury."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"H S","family":"Levin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W M","family":"High","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C A","family":"Meyers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Von Laufen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M E","family":"Hayden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H M","family":"Eisenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-9452(83)80025-2","article-title":"Early concepts of anterograde and retrograde amnesia","volume":"19","author":"Levin, H.S.; Peters, B.H.; Hulkonen, D.A.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Levin HS, Peters BH, Hulkonen DA. Early concepts of anterograde and retrograde amnesia. Cortex 1983; 19:427-40.","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"key":"ref_2","article-title":"Diseases of Memory: An Essary in the Positive Psychology","author":"Ribot, T.","year":"1882","unstructured":"Ribot T. Diseases of Memory: An Essary in the Positive Psychology. New York: Appleton, 1882."},{"issue":"55","key":"ref_3","first-page":"549","article-title":"Cerebral involvement in head injury","volume":"1932","author":"Russell, W.R.","unstructured":"Russell WR. Cerebral involvement in head injury. Brain 1932;55:549-603.","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.30.6.539","article-title":"Shrinking retrograde amnesia","volume":"30","author":"Benson, D.F.; Geschwind, N.","year":"1967","unstructured":"Benson DF, Geschwind N. Shrinking retrograde amnesia. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1967; 30:539-44.","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)47843-8","article-title":"Amnesia following head injuries","volume":"2","author":"Russell, W.R.","year":"1935","unstructured":"Russell WR. Amnesia following head injuries. Lancet 1935;2: 762-3.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"183","article-title":"Traumatic amnesia","volume":"69","author":"Russell, W.R.; Nathan, P.W.","year":"1946","unstructured":"Russell WR, Nathan PW. Traumatic amnesia. Brain 1946;69: 183-7.","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.15.1.54","article-title":"Memory defects after head injury","volume":"15","author":"Williams, M.; Zangwill, O.L.","year":"1952","unstructured":"Williams M, Zangwill OL. Memory defects after head injury. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1952; 15: 54-58.","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1109228","article-title":"Retrograde amnesia: Temporal gradient in very long-term memory following electroconvulsive therapy","volume":"187","author":"Squire, L.R.; Slater, P.C.; Chace, P.M.","year":"1975","unstructured":"Squire LR, Slater PC, Chace PM. Retrograde amnesia: Temporal gradient in very long-term memory following electroconvulsive therapy. Science 1975; 187: 77-9.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3932(75)90013-5","article-title":"Memory for remote events in anterograde amnesia: Recognition of public figures from news-photographs","volume":"13","author":"Marslen-Wilson, W.D.; Teuber, H.-L.","year":"1975","unstructured":"Marslen-Wilson WD, Teuber H-L. Memory for remote events in anterograde amnesia: Recognition of public figures from news-photographs. Neuropsychologia 1975; 13: 353-64.","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3932(78)90025-8","article-title":"Anterograde and retrograde memory impairment in chronic amnesia","volume":"16","author":"Squire, L.R.; Slater, P.C.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Squire LR, Slater PC. Anterograde and retrograde memory impairment in chronic amnesia. Neuropsychologia 1978; 16:313-22.","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1979.00500400065010","article-title":"Temporal gradients in the retrograde amnesia of patients with alcoholic Korsakoff s disease","volume":"36","author":"Albert, M.S.; Butters, N.; Levin, J.","year":"1979","unstructured":"Albert MS, Butters N, Levin J. Temporal gradients in the retrograde amnesia of patients with alcoholic Korsakoff s disease. Arch Neurol 1979;36:211-6.","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.24.6.527","article-title":"The temporal pattern of retrograde amnesia in Korsakoff s disease","volume":"24","author":"Seltzer, B.; Benson, D.F.","year":"1974","unstructured":"Seltzer B, Benson DF. The temporal pattern of retrograde amnesia in Korsakoff s disease. Neurology (Minneap) 1974;24:527-30.","journal-title":"Neurology (Minneap)"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3932(83)90039-8","article-title":"The anterograde and retrograde retrieval ability of a patient with amnesia due to encephalitis","volume":"21","author":"Cermak, L.S.; O'Connor, M.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Cermak LS, O'Connor M. The anterograde and retrograde retrieval ability of a patient with amnesia due to encephalitis. Neuropsychologia 1983;21: 213-34.","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"429","article-title":"Memory for remote events in amnesic patients. Brain 1971; 94: 661-8. '5 Squire LR. Remote memory as affected by aging","volume":"12","author":"Sanders, H.I.; Warrington, E.K.","year":"1974","unstructured":"Sanders HI, Warrington EK. Memory for remote events in amnesic patients. Brain 1971;94:661-8. '5 Squire LR. Remote memory as affected by aging. Neuropsychologia 1974; 12:429-35.","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"\"432","article-title":"The fate of old memories","volume":"23","author":"Warrington, E.K.; Sanders, H.I.","year":"1971","unstructured":"Warrington EK, Sanders HI. The fate of old memories. Q J Exp Psychol 1971;23:432-42. '' Levin HS, O'Donnell VM, Grossman RG. The Galveston orientation and amnesia test: A practical scale to assess cognition after head injury. J Nerv Ment Dis 1979; 167:675-84.","journal-title":"Q J Exp Psychol; Levin HS, O'Donnell VM, Grossman RG. The Galveston orientation and amnesia test: A practical scale to assess cognition after head injury"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(74)91639-0","article-title":"Assessment of coma and impaired consciousness: A practical scale","volume":"2","author":"Teasdale, G.; Jennett, B.","year":"1974","unstructured":"Teasdale G, Jennett B. Assessment of coma and impaired consciousness: A practical scale. Lancet 1974;2:81-4.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"50","article-title":"Forgetting in very long-term memory as assessed by an improved questionnaire technique","volume":"1","author":"Squire, L.R.; Slater, P.C.","year":"1975","unstructured":"Squire LR, Slater PC. Forgetting in very long-term memory as assessed by an improved questionnaire technique. J Exp Psychol: Human Learning and Memory 1975; 1: 50-4.","journal-title":"J Exp Psychol: Human Learning and Memory"},{"key":"ref_18","article-title":"Neurobehavioral Consequences of Closed Head Injury","author":"Levin, H.S.; Benton, A.L.; Grossman, R.G.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Levin HS, Benton AL, Grossman RG. Neurobehavioral Consequences of Closed Head Injury. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1982."},{"key":"ref_19","article-title":"BMDP Statistical Software","author":"Dixon, W.J.","year":"1981","unstructured":"Dixon WJ. BMDP Statistical Software. Berkeley, California: University of California Press, 1981."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03201847","article-title":"Assessment of remote memory: Validation of the television test by repeated testing during a 7-year period","volume":"12","author":"Squire, L.R.; Fox, M.M.","year":"1980","unstructured":"Squire LR, Fox MM. Assessment of remote memory: Validation of the television test by repeated testing during a 7-year period. Behav Res Meth Instr 1980; 12:583-6.","journal-title":"Behav Res Meth Instr"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/102.4.749","article-title":"Memory disorder in Korsakoffts psychosis. A neuropathological and neuropsychological investigation of two cases","volume":"102","author":"Mair, W.G.P.; Warrington, E.K.; Weiskrantz, L.","year":"1979","unstructured":"Mair WGP, Warrington EK, Weiskrantz L. Memory disorder in Korsakoffts psychosis. A neuropathological and neuropsychological investigation of two cases. Brain 1979; 102:749-83.","journal-title":"Brain"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/jnnp.48.6.556","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,26]],"date-time":"2020-09-26T04:09:33Z","timestamp":1601093373000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jnnp.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/jnnp.48.6.556"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1985,6,1]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1985,6,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jnnp.48.6.556","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3050"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3050","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1985,6,1]]}}}