{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T14:58:49Z","timestamp":1767970729174,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery &amp; Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1988,7,1]]},"DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.51.7.998","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,10]],"date-time":"2008-11-10T21:16:40Z","timestamp":1226351800000},"page":"998-999","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Polymicrobial central nervous system infection in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"A D","family":"Sperber","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Alkan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Stemmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L","family":"Avnon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F","family":"Schlaeffer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1985.62.4.0475","article-title":"Neurological manifestations of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS): experience at UCSF and review of the literature","volume":"62","author":"RM, I.Levy; DE, Bredesen; ML, Rosenblum","year":"1985","unstructured":"I Levy RM, Bredesen DE, Rosenblum ML. Neurological manifestations of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS): experience at UCSF and review of the literature. J Neurosurg 1985;62:475-95.","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"683","article-title":"Barr virus (EBV) was negative. Radiographs Polymicrobial infection of the CNS in festation of acquired immunodeficiency synof the frontal and maxillary sinuses were immunosuppressed patients has been normal. Computed tomography of the brain reported before and during the AIDS was normal. Glucose and protein in the CSF era4 6-9 but these cases are relatively rare. In were within normal limits and no cells were a review of 366 neurologically symptomatic found. Gram stain was positive for candida. patients only three were found to have India ink smear was negative for cryptococproven coexisting CNS infection by two drome","volume":"80","year":"1987","unstructured":"Barr virus (EBV) was negative. Radiographs Polymicrobial infection of the CNS in festation of acquired immunodeficiency synof the frontal and maxillary sinuses were immunosuppressed patients has been normal. Computed tomography of the brain reported before and during the AIDS was normal. Glucose and protein in the CSF era4 6-9 but these cases are relatively rare. In were within normal limits and no cells were a review of 366 neurologically symptomatic found. Gram stain was positive for candida. patients only three were found to have India ink smear was negative for cryptococproven coexisting CNS infection by two drome. South Med J 1987;80:683-6.","journal-title":"South Med J"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-107-2-383","article-title":"Neurologic manifestations with human immunodeficiency virus","volume":"107","author":"Gabuzda, D.H.; Hirsch, M.S.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Gabuzda DH, Hirsch MS. Neurologic manifestations with human immunodeficiency virus. Ann Int Med 1987;107:383-91.","journal-title":"Ann Int Med"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(84)90757-5","article-title":"Candidal infection in the central nervous system","volume":"76","year":"1984","unstructured":"Candidal infection in the central nervous system. Am J Med 1984;76:101-8.","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"234","article-title":"Simberkoff cus","volume":"104","author":"Zuger, A.; Louie, E.; Holzman, R.S.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Zuger A, Louie E, Holzman RS, Simberkoff cus (1:512) was found. CSF culture grew out Despite the fact that our patient had only candida. Antifungal therapy with amphominimal neurological symptoms two CNS tericin B and flucytosine (5-fluorocytosine) infections were diagnosed early: cryptococwas begun. A week after commencement of cus by CSF antigen titre and candida by therapy the CSF cryptococcal antigen titre Gram stain and CSF culture. Anti-fungal was 1:256 and after 2 months of therapy it therapy led to clinical and laboratory was 1:16. At this time CSF culture was negaimprovement; however, necropsy revealed MS, Rahal JJ. Cryptococcal disease in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Ann Int Med 1986;104:234-40.","journal-title":"Ann Int Med; was found. CSF culture grew out Despite the fact that our patient had only candida. Antifungal therapy with amphominimal neurological symptoms two CNS tericin B and flucytosine (5-fluorocytosine) infections were diagnosed early: cryptococwas begun. A week after commencement of cus by CSF antigen titre and candida by therapy the CSF cryptococcal antigen titre Gram stain and CSF culture. Anti-fungal was 1: 256 and after 2 months of therapy it therapy led to clinical and laboratory was 1: 16. At this time CSF culture was negaimprovement; however, necropsy revealed MS, Rahal JJ. Cryptococcal disease in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.49.3.328","article-title":"Cryptococcal meningitis and cerebral toxoplasmosis in a patient with acquired immune deficiency syndrome","volume":"49","author":"Bahls, F.; Sumi, S.M.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Bahls F, Sumi SM. Cryptococcal meningitis and cerebral toxoplasmosis in a patient with acquired immune deficiency syndrome. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1986;49: 328-30. Letters","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00688583","article-title":"Neuropathologic obser- References vations in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)","volume":"66","author":"Sharer, L.F.; Kapila, R.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Sharer LF, Kapila R. Neuropathologic obser- References vations in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Acta Neuropathol (Berl) 1985;66:188-98.","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol (Berl)"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-198205000-00004","article-title":"Central nervous system infection in the chronically immunosuppressed","volume":"61","author":"Hooper, D.C.; Pruitt, A.A.; Rubin, R.H.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Hooper DC, Pruitt AA, Rubin RH. Central nervous system infection in the chronically immunosuppressed. Medicine 1982;61: 166-88.","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"415","article-title":"Antibody to human T-lymphotrophic virus type-I in West Indian born UK residents with spastic paraparesis","volume":"i:","author":"M, I.Newton; D, Miller; P, Rudge","year":"1987","unstructured":"I Newton M, Miller D, Rudge P, et al. Antibody to human T-lymphotrophic virus type-I in West Indian born UK residents with spastic paraparesis. Lancet 1987;i:415-516.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"2","article-title":"Central nervous system lesions detected by magnetic resonance imaging in a HTLV-I antibody positive symptomless individual","volume":"1","author":"Mattson, D.H.; McFarline, D.E.; Mora, C.; Zaninovic, V.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Mattson DH, McFarline DE, Mora C, Zaninovic V. Central nervous system lesions detected by magnetic resonance imaging in a HTLV-I antibody positive symptomless individual. Lancet 1987;1:2-49.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"210","article-title":"syndrome and its related complex","volume":"105","year":"1986","unstructured":"syndrome and its related complex. Ann Int Med 1986;105:210-3.","journal-title":"Ann Int Med"},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"249","article-title":"HTLV-I, brain abnormalities on magnetic resonance imaging, and relation with Accepted","volume":"i:","author":"true","year":"1988","unstructured":"Tournier-Lasserve E, Gout 0, Gessain A, et al. HTLV-I, brain abnormalities on magnetic resonance imaging, and relation with Accepted 15 March 1988 multiple sclerosis. Lancet 1987;i:249-50.","journal-title":"Lancet; multiple sclerosis"},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"147","article-title":"A neuropathic syndrome of uncertain origin-review of 100 cases","volume":"5","author":"Cruickshank, E.K.","year":"1956","unstructured":"Cruickshank EK. A neuropathic syndrome of uncertain origin-review of 100 cases. West Indian Med J 1956;5:147-58.","journal-title":"West Indian Med J"},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"407","article-title":"Antibodies to human T-lymphotropic virus type-I in patients with tropical spastic paraparesis","volume":"ii:","author":"Gessian, A.; Vernant, J.C.; Maurs, L.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Gessian A, Vernant JC, Maurs L et al. Antibodies to human T-lymphotropic virus type-I in patients with tropical spastic paraparesis. Lancet 1985;ii:407-10.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"514","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging in HTLV-I antibody positive patients. Lancet Fig MRI scan showing multiple areas of","volume":"ii:","author":"shank K","year":"1987","unstructured":"shank K. Magnetic resonance imaging in HTLV-I antibody positive patients. Lancet Fig MRI scan showing multiple areas of 1987;ii:514."},{"key":"ref_16","article-title":"Sir: Recently interest has been shown in the high signal magnetic resonance imaging of patients","author":"with Accepted","year":"1988","unstructured":"Sir: Recently interest has been shown in the high signal magnetic resonance imaging of patients with Accepted 7 March 1988"},{"key":"ref_17","article-title":"to the CSF electrophoresis and circulating is quite different with an inflammatory was first described in 1972 by Liebow","author":"et al","unstructured":"to the CSF electrophoresis and circulating is quite different with an inflammatory was first described in 1972 by Liebow et al"},{"key":"ref_18","article-title":"potentials were normal. The CT brainscan In December 1986, a 67 year old woman revealed low attenuation lesions in the white","unstructured":"potentials were normal. The CT brainscan In December 1986, a 67 year old woman revealed low attenuation lesions in the white"},{"key":"ref_19","article-title":"weight loss and inability to walk. In region. MRI (fig.) showed multiple areas of ERUC NIEMAN 1984 she had developed a mood disorder and abnormally increased signal in the white St Mary's Hospital she was treated with tricyclic compounds matter of both hemispheres and brain stem","author":"fever, M.I.C.H.A.E.L.G.R.O.S.S.","unstructured":"MICHAEL GROSS fever, weight loss and inability to walk. In region. MRI (fig.) showed multiple areas of ERUC NIEMAN 1984 she had developed a mood disorder and abnormally increased signal in the white St Mary's Hospital she was treated with tricyclic compounds matter of both hemispheres and brain stem."},{"key":"ref_20","article-title":"London W2 ]NY, UK without any improvement","volume-title":"April 1985, the","author":"Street, Praed","unstructured":"Praed Street, London W2 ]NY, UK without any improvement. In April 1985, the"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery &amp; Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/jnnp.51.7.998","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,26]],"date-time":"2020-09-26T04:23:12Z","timestamp":1601094192000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jnnp.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/jnnp.51.7.998"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1988,7,1]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1988,7,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jnnp.51.7.998","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3050"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3050","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1988,7,1]]}}}