{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T09:34:02Z","timestamp":1784194442629,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery &amp; Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1989,8,1]]},"DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.52.8.975","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,10]],"date-time":"2008-11-10T21:16:40Z","timestamp":1226351800000},"page":"975-979","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Combined HIV-CMV encephalitis presenting with brainstem signs."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"G N","family":"Fuller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R J","family":"Guiloff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F","family":"Scaravilli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J N","family":"Harcourt-Webster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1384","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.5032.1384","volume":"1","author":"encephalitis, BickerstaffER Brainstem","year":"1957","unstructured":"BickerstaffER. Brainstem encephalitis. Br MedJ 1957;1:1384-6.","journal-title":"Br MedJ"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.59.2.240","article-title":"Herpes simplex: a possible cause of brainstem encephalitis","volume":"59","author":"Ellison, P.H.; Hanson, P.A.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Ellison PH, Hanson PA. Herpes simplex: a possible cause of brainstem encephalitis. Pediatrics 1977;59:240-3.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(78)90651-7","article-title":"Herpes simplex encephalitis presenting as brainstem encephalitis","volume":"1","author":"Kindley, A.D.; Harris, F.; Bush, G.H.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Kindley AD, Harris F, Bush GH. Herpes simplex encephalitis presenting as brainstem encephalitis. Lancet 1978;1:212-3.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"977","article-title":"Herpes simplex infection presenting as brainstem encephalitis","volume":"ii:","author":"Fenton, T.R.; Marshall, P.C.; Cavanagh, N.; Wilson, J.; Marshall, W.C.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Fenton TR, Marshall PC, Cavanagh N, Wilson J, Marshall WC. Herpes simplex infection presenting as brainstem encephalitis. Lancet 1977;ii:977-8.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.4.5837.405","article-title":"Brainstem encephalitis caused by Herpes virus hominis","volume":"4","author":"Dayan, A.D.; Gooddy, W.; Harrison, M.J.G.; Rudge, P.","year":"1972","unstructured":"Dayan AD, Gooddy W, Harrison MJG, Rudge P. Brainstem encephalitis caused by Herpes virus hominis. Br Med J 1972;4:405-6.","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.30.9.981","article-title":"Herpetic brainstem encephalitis","volume":"30","author":"Roman-Campos, G.; Toro, G.","year":"1980","unstructured":"Roman-Campos G, Toro G. Herpetic brainstem encephalitis. Neurology 1980;30:981-5.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/122.4.335","volume":"122","author":"Norris, F.H.; Leonards, R.; Calanchini, P.R.; Calder, C.D.","year":"1970","unstructured":"Norris FH, Leonards R, Calanchini PR, Calder CD. HerpesZoster Meningoencephalitis, J Infect Dis 1970;122:335-8.","journal-title":"HerpesZoster Meningoencephalitis, J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"34","article-title":"Subacute focal adenovirus encephalitis","volume":"23","author":"Chou, S.M.; Roos, R.; Burrell, R.; Gutmann, L.; Harley, J.B.","year":"1973","unstructured":"Chou SM, Roos R, Burrell R, Gutmann L, Harley JB. Subacute focal adenovirus encephalitis. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 1973;23:34-50.","journal-title":"J Neuropathol Exp Neurol"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.29.5.676","article-title":"ECHO 25 focal encephalitis and subacute hemichorea","volume":"29","author":"Peters, A.C.B.; Vielvoye, G.J.; Versteeg, J.; Bots, A.M.; Lindeman, J.","year":"1979","unstructured":"Peters ACB, Vielvoye GJ, Versteeg J, Bots AM, Lindeman J. ECHO 25 focal encephalitis and subacute hemichorea. Neurology 1979;29:676-8 1.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref_10","article-title":"Cancer and the Nervous System","author":"Henson, R.A.; Urich, H.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Henson RA, Urich H. Cancer and the Nervous System. Blackwell, Oxford 1982."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.47.5.496","article-title":"Mini mental state examination in neurological patients","volume":"47","author":"Dick, J.P.R.; Guiloff, R.J.; Stewart, A.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Dick JPR, Guiloff RJ, Stewart A, et al. Mini mental state examination in neurological patients. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1984;47:496-9.","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/111.2.245","article-title":"Neuropathology of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome: a review","volume":"111","author":"Gray, F.; Gherrardi, R.; Scaravilli, F.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Gray F, Gherrardi R, Scaravilli F. Neuropathology of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome: a review. Brain 1988;111:245-66.","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-197311000-00003","article-title":"Central nervous system infections in patients with cancer","volume":"52","author":"Chernk, N.L.; Armstrong, D.; Posner, J.B.","year":"1973","unstructured":"Chernk NL, Armstrong D, Posner JB. Central nervous system infections in patients with cancer. Medicine 1973;52:563-8 1.","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-198205000-00004","article-title":"Central nervous system infection in the chronically immunosuppressed","volume":"61","author":"Hooper, D.C.; Pruitt, A.A.; Rubin, R.H.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Hooper DC, Pruitt AA, Rubin RH. Central nervous system infection in the chronically immunosuppressed. Medicine 1982;61:166-88.","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.59.2.232","article-title":"Acute measles in children with lymphatic malignancies on immunosuppressive agents","volume":"59","author":"Alcardi, J.; Goutieres, F.; Arsenio-nunes, M.-L.; Lebon, P.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Alcardi J, Goutieres F, Arsenio-nunes M-L, Lebon P. Acute measles in children with lymphatic malignancies on immunosuppressive agents. Pediatrics 1977;59:232-9.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1984.04050150092023","article-title":"Human cytomegalovirus infection and disorders of the nervous system","volume":"41","author":"Bale, J.F.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Bale JF. Human cytomegalovirus infection and disorders of the nervous system. Arch Neurol 1984;41:310-20.","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"2299","article-title":"Cytomegalovirus encephalitis in immunological normal adults. Successful treatment with vidarabine","volume":"1977","author":"Phillips, C.A.; Fanning, L.; Gump, D.W.; Phillips, C.F.","unstructured":"Phillips CA, Fanning L, Gump DW, Phillips CF. Cytomegalovirus encephalitis in immunological normal adults. Successful treatment with vidarabine. JAMA: 1977:2299-300.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410050510","article-title":"Cytomegalovirus infection in the adult nervous system","volume":"5","author":"Duchowny, M.; Caplan, L.; Siber, G.","year":"1979","unstructured":"Duchowny M, Caplan L, Siber G. Cytomegalovirus infection in the adult nervous system. Ann Neurol 1979;5:458-61.","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.23.2.136","article-title":"Cytomegalovirus encephalitis in adults","volume":"23","author":"Dorfman, L.J.","year":"1973","unstructured":"Dorfman LJ. Cytomegalovirus encephalitis in adults. Neurology 1973;23:136-44.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"962","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(73)91600-0","article-title":"Neuropathology ofcardiac transplantation. Survey of 31 cases","volume":"1","author":"Schober, R.; Herman, M.M.","year":"1973","unstructured":"Schober R, Herman MM. Neuropathology ofcardiac transplantation. Survey of 31 cases. Lancet 1973;1:962-7.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"537","article-title":"The neuropathology of AIDS, UCLA experience and review","volume":"1986","author":"Anders, K.H.; Guerra, W.F.; Tomiyasu, U.; Verity, M.A.; Vinters, H.V.","unstructured":"Anders KH, Guerra WF, Tomiyasu U, Verity MA, Vinters HV. The neuropathology of AIDS, UCLA experience and review. AJP 1986:537-58.","journal-title":"AJP"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1097\/00005072-198611000-00003","article-title":"Neuropathology of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS): an autopsy review","volume":"45","author":"Petito, C.K.; Cho, E.-S.; Lemann, W.; Navia, B.A.; Price, R.W.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Petito CK, Cho E-S, Lemann W, Navia BA, Price RW. Neuropathology of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS): an autopsy review. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 1986;45:635-46.","journal-title":"J Neuropathol Exp Neurol"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/S0046-8177(87)80012-6","article-title":"Devinsky 0, Petito CK. Cytomegalovirus encephalitis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: an autopsy study of30 cases and a review of the literature","volume":"18","author":"Morgello, S.; Cho, E.-S.; Nielsen, S.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Morgello S, Cho E-S, Nielsen S, Devinsky 0, Petito CK. Cytomegalovirus encephalitis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: an autopsy study of30 cases and a review of the literature. Hum Pathol 1987;18:289-97.","journal-title":"Hum Pathol"},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"525","article-title":"The AIDS dementia complex II","author":"Navia, B.A.; Cho, E.-S.; Petito, C.K.; Price, R.W.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Navia BA, Cho E-S, Petito CK, Price RW. The AIDS dementia complex II. Neuropathology. Ann Neurol 1986;525-35.","journal-title":"Neuropathology. Ann Neurol"},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"275","article-title":"Cytomegalovirus inclusion encephalitis in patients with AIDS: CT, clinical and pathologic correlation","volume":"7","author":"Post, M.J.D.; Hensley, G.T.; Moskowitz, L.B.; Fischl, M.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Post MJD, Hensley GT, Moskowitz LB, Fischl M. Cytomegalovirus inclusion encephalitis in patients with AIDS: CT, clinical and pathologic correlation. AJNR 1986;7:275-80.","journal-title":"AJNR"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.35.4.560","article-title":"Cytomegalovirus meningoencephalitis in a homosexual man with Kaposi's sarcoma: isolation of CMV from CSF cells","volume":"35","author":"Edwards, R.H.; Messing, R.; McKendall, R.R.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Edwards RH, Messing R, McKendall RR. Cytomegalovirus meningoencephalitis in a homosexual man with Kaposi's sarcoma: isolation of CMV from CSF cells. Neurology 1985;35:560-2.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"517","article-title":"The AIDS dementia complex","volume":"19","author":"Navia, B.A.; Jordan, B.D.; Price, R.W.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Navia BA, Jordan BD, Price RW. The AIDS dementia complex I. Clinical features. Ann Neurol 1986;19:517-24.","journal-title":"I. Clinical features. Ann Neurol"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410150518","article-title":"Acquired immune deficiency syndrome and multiple tract degeneration in a homosexual man","volume":"15","author":"Horoupian, D.S.; Pick, P.; Spigland, I.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Horoupian DS, Pick P, Spigland I, et al. Acquired immune deficiency syndrome and multiple tract degeneration in a homosexual man. Ann Neurol 1984;15:502-5.","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.37.4.557","article-title":"Cytomegalovirus polyradiculoneuropathy in the acquired immune deficiency syndrome","volume":"37","author":"Behar, R.; Wiley, C.; McCutchan, J.A.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Behar R, Wiley C, McCutchan JA. Cytomegalovirus polyradiculoneuropathy in the acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Neurology 1987;37:557-61.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1987.00520200047017","article-title":"Concomitant Herpes simplex virus type I and cytomegalovirus ventriculoencephalitis in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome","volume":"44","author":"Laskin, O.L.; Stahl-Bayliss, C.M.; Morgello, S.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Laskin OL, Stahl-Bayliss CM, Morgello S. Concomitant Herpes simplex virus type I and cytomegalovirus ventriculoencephalitis in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Arch Neurol 1987;44:843-7.","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410230118","article-title":"Multifocal cytomegalovirus encephalitis in AIDS","volume":"23","author":"Masdeu, J.C.; Small, C.B.; Weiss, L.; Elkin, C.M.; Llena, J.; Mesa-Tejada, R.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Masdeu JC, Small CB, Weiss L, Elkin CM, Llena J, Mesa-Tejada R. Multifocal cytomegalovirus encephalitis in AIDS. Ann Neurol 1988;23:97-9.","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1090","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1988.00520340044009","article-title":"Failure of antiviral therapy for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related cytomegalovirus","volume":"45","author":"Jacobson, M.A.; Mills, J.; Rush, J.; O'Donnell, J.; Miller, R.G.; Greco, C.; Gonzales, M.F.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Jacobson MA, Mills J, Rush J, O'Donnell J, Miller RG, Greco C, Gonzales MF. Failure of antiviral therapy for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related cytomegalovirus myelitis, Arch Neurol 1988;45:1090-2.","journal-title":"myelitis, Arch Neurol"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410190303","article-title":"Cerebral toxoplasmosis complicating the acquired immune deficiency syndrome: clinical and neuropathological findings in 27 patients","volume":"19","author":"Navia, B.A.; Petito, C.K.; Gold, J.W.M.; Cho, E.-S.; Jordan, B.D.; Price, R.W.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Navia BA, Petito CK, Gold JWM, Cho E-S, Jordan BD, Price RW. Cerebral toxoplasmosis complicating the acquired immune deficiency syndrome: clinical and neuropathological findings in 27 patients. Ann Neurol 1986;19:224-38.","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.64.758.919","article-title":"incidence and prognosis of neurological involvement in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in central","volume":"64","author":"Guiloff, R.J.; Fuller, G.N.; Roberts, A.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Guiloff RJ, Fuller GN, Roberts A, et al. Nature, incidence and prognosis of neurological involvement in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in central London. Postgrad Med J 1988;64:919-25.","journal-title":"London. Postgrad Med J"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1985.62.4.0475","article-title":"Neurological manifestations of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS): experience at UCSF and review of the literature","volume":"62","author":"Levy, R.M.; Bredesen, D.E.; Rosenblum, M.L.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Levy RM, Bredesen DE, Rosenblum ML. Neurological manifestations of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS): experience at UCSF and review of the literature. J Neurosurg 1985;62:475-95.","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-107-1-78","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy associated with human immunodeficiency virus. A review of the literature and report of 16 cases","volume":"107","author":"Berger, JR, Kaszovitz; B, Post; JD, Dickinson; G.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Berger JR, Kaszovitz B, Post JD, Dickinson G. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy associated with human immunodeficiency virus. A review of the literature and report of 16 cases. Ann Int Med 1987;107:78-87.","journal-title":"Ann Int Med"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410140404","article-title":"Neurological complications of acquired immune deficiency syndrome: analysis of 50 patients","volume":"14","author":"Snider, W.D.; Simpson, D.M.; Nielsen, S.; Gold, J.W.M.; Metroka, C.E.; Posner, J.B.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Snider WD, Simpson DM, Nielsen S, Gold JWM, Metroka CE, Posner JB. Neurological complications of acquired immune deficiency syndrome: analysis of 50 patients. Ann Neurol 1983;14:403-1 8.","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198603273141301","article-title":"Collaborative DHPG treatment study group. Treatment ofserious cytomegalovirus infections with 9-(1, 3-dihydroxy-2propoxymethyl)guanine in patients AIDS and other immunodeficiencies","volume":"314","year":"1986","unstructured":"Collaborative DHPG treatment study group. Treatment ofserious cytomegalovirus infections with 9-(1, 3-dihydroxy-2propoxymethyl)guanine in patients AIDS and other immunodeficiencies. N Engl J Med 1986;314:801-5.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery &amp; Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/jnnp.52.8.975","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,21]],"date-time":"2023-05-21T00:02:09Z","timestamp":1684627329000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jnnp.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/jnnp.52.8.975"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1989,8,1]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1989,8,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jnnp.52.8.975","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3050"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3050","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1989,8,1]]}}}