{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,16]],"date-time":"2026-08-16T08:03:28Z","timestamp":1786867408566,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery &amp; Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1989,9,1]]},"DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.52.9.1043","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,10]],"date-time":"2008-11-10T21:16:40Z","timestamp":1226351800000},"page":"1043-1049","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":77,"title":["Rapid elbow movements in patients with torsion dystonia."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"W","family":"van der Kamp","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Berardelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J C","family":"Rothwell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P D","family":"Thompson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B L","family":"Day","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C D","family":"Marsden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurpsyc.1940.02280090036003","article-title":"Action potentials ofmuscles in athetosis and Sydenham's chorea","volume":"44","author":"Hoeffer, P.F.A.; Putnam, T.J.","year":"1940","unstructured":"Hoeffer PFA, Putnam TJ. Action potentials ofmuscles in athetosis and Sydenham's chorea. Arch Neurol Psychiat 1940;44:517-31.","journal-title":"Arch Neurol Psychiat"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurpsyc.1944.02290280003001","article-title":"Historical review: analysis of dystonic symptoms and physiological mechanisms","volume":"51","author":"I, Herz E.Dystonia","year":"1944","unstructured":"Herz E. Dystonia I. Historical review: analysis of dystonic symptoms and physiological mechanisms. Arch Neurol Psychiat 1944;51:305-18.","journal-title":"Arch Neurol Psychiat"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(71)90206-1","article-title":"Dystonia musculorum deformans","volume":"13","author":"Yanigisawa, N.; Goto, A.","year":"1971","unstructured":"Yanigisawa N, Goto A. Dystonia musculorum deformans. J Neurol Sci 1971;13:39-65.","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"851","article-title":"Pathophysiology of dystonias","volume":"39","author":"Rothwell, J.C.; Obeso, J.A.; Day, B.L.; Marsden, C.D.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Rothwell JC, Obeso JA, Day BL, Marsden CD. Pathophysiology of dystonias. Adv Neurol 1983;39:851-63.","journal-title":"Adv Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref_5","first-page":"154","article-title":"EMG analysis of stereotyped voluntary movements in man","volume":"38","author":"Hallett, M.; Shahani, B.T.; Young, R.R.","year":"1975","unstructured":"Hallett M, Shahani BT, Young RR. EMG analysis of stereotyped voluntary movements in man. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1975;38:1 154-62.","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"433","article-title":"Electromyography during voluntary movement. The two burst pattern. Electroenceph clin Neurophysiol","volume":"36","author":"Angel, R.W.","year":"1975","unstructured":"Angel RW. Electromyography during voluntary movement. The two burst pattern. Electroenceph clin Neurophysiol 1975;36: 433-8."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1979.sp012913","article-title":"Ballistic flexion movements ofthe human thumb","volume":"294","author":"Hallett, M.; Marsden, C.D.","year":"1979","unstructured":"Hallett M, Marsden CD. Ballistic flexion movements ofthe human thumb. J Physiol (Lond) 1979;294:33-50.","journal-title":"J Physiol (Lond)"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1981.sp013775","article-title":"Amplitude and instruction dependent modulation of movement related EMG activity in humans","volume":"316","author":"Brown, S.H.; Cooke, J.D.","year":"1981","unstructured":"Brown SH, Cooke JD. Amplitude and instruction dependent modulation of movement related EMG activity in humans. JPhysiol (Lond) 1981;316:97-107.","journal-title":"JPhysiol (Lond)"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(84)90879-5","article-title":"Duration of the first agonist EMG burst in ballistic arm movements","volume":"304","author":"Berardelli, A.; Rothwell, J.C.; Day, B.L.; Kachi, T.; Marsden, C.D.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Berardelli A, Rothwell JC, Day BL, Kachi T, Marsden CD. Duration of the first agonist EMG burst in ballistic arm movements. Brain Res 1984;304:183-7.","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.38.12.1163","article-title":"EMG analysis ofpatients with cerbellar deficits","volume":"38","author":"Hallett, M.; Shahani, B.T.; Young, R.R.","year":"1975","unstructured":"Hallett M, Shahani BT, Young RR. EMG analysis ofpatients with cerbellar deficits. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1975;38: 1163-9.","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/103.2.301","article-title":"A physiological mechanism of bradykinesia","volume":"103","author":"Hallett, M.; Khoshbin, S.","year":"1980","unstructured":"Hallett M, Khoshbin S. A physiological mechanism of bradykinesia. Brain 1980;103:301-14.","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.46.8.745","article-title":"Attempted rapid elbow movements in patients with athetosis","volume":"46","author":"Hallett, M.; Alvarez, N.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Hallett M, Alvarez N. Attempted rapid elbow movements in patients with athetosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1983; 46:745-50.","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.49.11.1273","article-title":"Scaling of the size of the first agonist EMG burst during rapid wrist movement in patients with Parkinson's disease","volume":"49","author":"Berardelli, A.; Dick, J.P.R.; Rothwell, J.C.; Day, B.L.; Marsden, C.D.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Berardelli A, Dick JPR, Rothwell JC, Day BL, Marsden CD. Scaling of the size of the first agonist EMG burst during rapid wrist movement in patients with Parkinson's disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1986;49:1273-9.","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/111.2.223","article-title":"The coexistence of bradykinesia and chorea in Huntington's disease and its implications for theories of the basal ganglia and control of movement","volume":"111","author":"Thompson, P.D.; Berardelli, A.; Rothwell, J.C.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Thompson PD, Berardelli A, Rothwell JC, et al. The coexistence of bradykinesia and chorea in Huntington's disease and its implications for theories of the basal ganglia and control of movement. Brain 1988;111:223-44.","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.42.3.232","article-title":"Ballistic elbow flexion movements in patients with amyotrophic lateral scoliosis","volume":"42","author":"Hallett, M.","year":"1979","unstructured":"Hallett M. Ballistic elbow flexion movements in patients with amyotrophic lateral scoliosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1979;42:232-7.","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870030204","article-title":"The first agonist and antagonist burst in patients with an upper motor neuron syndrome","volume":"3","author":"Fagioli, S.; Berardelli, A.; Hallett, M.; Accornero, N.; Manfredi, M.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Fagioli S, Berardelli A, Hallett M, Accornero N, Manfredi M. The first agonist and antagonist burst in patients with an upper motor neuron syndrome. Movement Disorders 1988;3:126-32.","journal-title":"Movement Disorders"},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"37","article-title":"Velocity curves ofhuman arm and speech movements","volume":"68","author":"Ostry, D.J.; Cooke, J.D.; Munhall, K.G.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Ostry DJ, Cooke JD, Munhall KG. Velocity curves ofhuman arm and speech movements. Exp Brain Res 1987;68:37-46.","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/108.3.593","article-title":"Pathophysiology of blepharospasm and oromandibular dystonia","volume":"108","author":"Berardelli, A.; Rothwell, J.C.; Day, B.L.; Marsden, C.D.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Berardelli A, Rothwell JC, Day BL, Marsden CD. Pathophysiology of blepharospasm and oromandibular dystonia. Brain 1985;108:593-608.","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/112.3.681","article-title":"Reciprocal inhibition between forearm muscles in patients with writer's cramp and other occupational dystonias and patients with hemiparesis due to stroke","volume":"112","author":"Nakashima, K.; Rothwell, J.C.; Day, B.L.; Shannon, K.; Thompson, P.D.; Marsden, C.D.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Nakashima K, Rothwell JC, Day BL, Shannon K, Thompson PD, Marsden CD. Reciprocal inhibition between forearm muscles in patients with writer's cramp and other occupational dystonias and patients with hemiparesis due to stroke. Brain 1989;112: 681-97.","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1017\/S0317167100045546","article-title":"Characteristic alterations in responses to imposed wrist displacement in parkinsonian rigidity and dystonia musculorum deformans","volume":"11","author":"Tatton, W.G.; Bedingham, W.; Verrier, M.C.; Blair, R.A.G.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Tatton WG, Bedingham W, Verrier MC, Blair RAG. Characteristic alterations in responses to imposed wrist displacement in parkinsonian rigidity and dystonia musculorum deformans. Can J Neurol Sci 1984;11:281-7.","journal-title":"Can J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870010102","article-title":"Striatal inhomogeneities and basal ganglia function","volume":"1","author":"Penney, J.B.; Young, A.B.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Penney JB, Young AB. Striatal inhomogeneities and basal ganglia function. Movement Disorders 1986;1:3-15.","journal-title":"Movement Disorders"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery &amp; Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/jnnp.52.9.1043","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,26]],"date-time":"2020-09-26T04:28:51Z","timestamp":1601094531000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jnnp.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/jnnp.52.9.1043"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1989,9,1]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1989,9,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jnnp.52.9.1043","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3050"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3050","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1989,9,1]]}}}