{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T22:26:43Z","timestamp":1788215203783,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1990,9,1]]},"DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.53.9.770","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,10]],"date-time":"2008-11-10T22:20:59Z","timestamp":1226355659000},"page":"770-777","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":62,"title":["Magnetic and electrical stimulation of cervical motor roots: technique, site and mechanisms of excitation."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"U D","family":"Schmid","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G","family":"Walker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C W","family":"Hess","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Schmid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"9","article-title":"Electrical stimulation of human motor and visual cortex through the scalp","volume":"305","author":"Merton, P.A.; Morton, H.B.","year":"1980","unstructured":"Merton PA, Morton HB. Electrical stimulation of human motor and visual cortex through the scalp. J Physiol (London) 1980;305:9P-10P.","journal-title":"J Physiol (London)"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"6","article-title":"Percutaneous stimulation of spinal cord and brain: Pyramidal tract conduction velocities in man","volume":"328","author":"Marsden, C.D.; Merton, P.A.; Morton, H.B.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Marsden CD, Merton PA, Morton HB. Percutaneous stimulation of spinal cord and brain: Pyramidal tract conduction velocities in man. J Physiol (London) 1982; 328:6P.","journal-title":"J Physiol (London)"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-4694(86)90145-8","article-title":"Electrical stimulation over the human vertebral column: which neural elements are excited?","volume":"63","author":"Mills, K.R.; Murray, N.M.F.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Mills KR, Murray NMF. Electrical stimulation over the human vertebral column: which neural elements are excited? EEG Clin Neurophysiol 1986;63:582-9.","journal-title":"EEG Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"71","article-title":"Methodik","volume":"19","author":"Ludolph, A.C.; Spille, M.; Masur, H.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Ludolph AC, Spille M, Masur H. Methodik und Normalwerte fur die Ableitung von evozierten Muskelpotentialen nach Stimulation uber den motorischen Wurzein. Z EEG-EMG 1988;19:71-4.","journal-title":"Z EEG-EMG; Ableitung von evozierten Muskelpotentialen nach Stimulation uber den motorischen Wurzein"},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"39","article-title":"Percutaneous electrical stimulation of the cervical motor roots: Methodology and normal values","volume":"20","author":"Schmid, U.D.; ChW, Hess; Ludin, H.P.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Schmid UD, Hess ChW, Ludin HP. Percutaneous electrical stimulation of the cervical motor roots: Methodology and normal values. Z EEG-EMG 1989;20:39-49.","journal-title":"Z EEG-EMG"},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"1106","article-title":"Non-invasive magnetic stimulation of human motor cortex","volume":"ii:","author":"Barker, A.T.; Jalinous, R.; Freeston, I.L.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Barker AT, Jalinous R, Freeston IL. Non-invasive magnetic stimulation of human motor cortex. Lancet 1985;ii: 1106-7.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1987.sp016621","article-title":"Responses in small hand muscles from magnetic stimulation of the human brain","volume":"388","author":"Hess, C.W.; Mills, K.R.; Murray, N.M.F.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Hess CW, Mills KR, Murray NMF. Responses in small hand muscles from magnetic stimulation of the human brain. J Physiol (London) 1987;388:397-419.","journal-title":"J Physiol (London)"},{"key":"ref_8","article-title":"Cervical magnetic stimulation: Root or spinal nerves?","author":"Santamaria, J.; King, P.J.L.; Cros, D.; Chiappa, K.H.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Santamaria J, King PJL, Cros D, Chiappa KH. Cervical magnetic stimulation: Root or spinal nerves? Neurology 1988;38(suppl): 199.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"643","key":"ref_9","first-page":"100","article-title":"Magnetic stimulation of the human peripheral nervous system","volume":"1","author":"Spire, J.P.; Maselli, R.A.; Soliven, B.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Spire JP, Maselli RA, Soliven B, et al. Magnetic stimulation of the human peripheral nervous system. Muscle Nerve 1987;1O:643A. 10 Barker AT, Freeston IL, Jalinous R, Jarratt JA. Magnetic stimulation of the human brain and peripheral nervous system: An introduction and the results of an initial clinical evaluation. Neurosurg 1987;20: 100-9.","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve; Magnetic stimulation of the human brain and peripheral nervous system: An introduction and the results of an initial clinical evaluation"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref_10","first-page":"69","article-title":"A Comparison of Magnetic and Electrical Cervical Motor Root Stimulation Techniques","volume":"75","author":"Schmid, U.D.; Walker, G.; Hess, C.W.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Schmid UD, Walker G, Hess CW. A Comparison of Magnetic and Electrical Cervical Motor Root Stimulation Techniques. EEG Clin Neurophysiol 1990;75(5):69.","journal-title":"EEG Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02441362","article-title":"Stimulation of nerve trunks with time varying magnetic fields","volume":"20","author":"Polson, M.J.R.; Barker, A.T.; Freeston, I.L.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Polson MJR, Barker AT, Freeston IL. Stimulation of nerve trunks with time varying magnetic fields. Med Biol Eng Comput 1982;20:243-4.","journal-title":"Med Biol Eng Comput"},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"260","article-title":"The role of magnetic stimulation for investigation of the peripheral nervous system","volume":"19","author":"Dressler, D.; Benecke, R.; Meyer, B.U.; Conrad, B.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Dressler D, Benecke R, Meyer BU, Conrad B. The role of magnetic stimulation for investigation of the peripheral nervous system. Z EEG-EMG 1988;19:260-3.","journal-title":"Z EEG-EMG"},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"10","article-title":"Magnetic stimulation of human peripheral nerve and brain: Response enhancement by combined magnetoelectrical technique","volume":"1","author":"Bickford, R.G.; Guidi, M.; Fortesque, P.; Swenson, M.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Bickford RG, Guidi M, Fortesque P, Swenson M. Magnetic stimulation of human peripheral nerve and brain: Response enhancement by combined magnetoelectrical technique. Neurosurg 1987;20:1 10-5.","journal-title":"Neurosurg"},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"476","article-title":"Proximal slowing and conduction block in acute and chronic demyelinating neuropathy","volume":"49","author":"Mills, K.R.; Murray, N.M.F.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Mills KR, Murray NMF. Proximal slowing and conduction block in acute and chronic demyelinating neuropathy. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1986;49:476.","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"255","article-title":"Results in the peripheral motor system after stimulation of motor roots: polyradiculitis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, polyneuropathy","volume":"19","author":"Ludolph, A.C.; Spille, M.; Masur, H.; Elger, C.E.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Ludolph AC, Spille M, Masur H, Elger CE. Results in the peripheral motor system after stimulation of motor roots: polyradiculitis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, polyneuropathy. Z EEG-EMG 1988;19:255-9.","journal-title":"Z EEG-EMG"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.52.2.213","article-title":"High voltage stimulation over the human spinal cord: Sources of latency variation","volume":"52","author":"Plassman, B.L.; Gandevia, S.C.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Plassman BL, Gandevia SC. High voltage stimulation over the human spinal cord: Sources of latency variation. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1989;52:213-7.","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"38","article-title":"Nerve and muscle charts. Muscles, testing and function","author":"Kendall, H.O.; Kendall, F.P.; Wadsworth, G.E.","year":"1971","unstructured":"Kendall HO, Kendall FP, Wadsworth GE. Nerve and muscle charts. Muscles, testing and function. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1971:38-50."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.52.9.1025","article-title":"Magnetic stimulation over the spinal enlargements","volume":"52","author":"Ugawa, Y.; Rothwell, J.L.; Day, B.L.; Thompson, P.D.; Marsden, C.D.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Ugawa Y, Rothwell JL, Day BL, Thompson PD, Marsden CD. Magnetic stimulation over the spinal enlargements. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1989;52:1025-32.","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/jnnp.53.9.770","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,26]],"date-time":"2020-09-26T04:32:32Z","timestamp":1601094752000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jnnp.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/jnnp.53.9.770"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1990,9,1]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1990,9,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jnnp.53.9.770","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3050"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3050","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1990,9,1]]}}}