{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T14:36:36Z","timestamp":1789137396903,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1993,7,1]]},"DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.56.7.776","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,10]],"date-time":"2008-11-10T22:20:59Z","timestamp":1226355659000},"page":"776-781","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Soleus H-reflex tests and clinical signs of the upper motor neuron syndrome."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"J H","family":"Koelman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L J","family":"Bour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A A","family":"Hilgevoord","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G J","family":"van Bruggen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B W","family":"Ongerboer de Visser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/0301-0082(87)90007-4","article-title":"The Hoffmann reflex: a means of assessing spinal reflex excitability and its descending control in man","volume":"28","author":"Schieppati, M.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Schieppati M. The Hoffmann reflex: a means of assessing spinal reflex excitability and its descending control in man. Prog Neurobiol 1987;28:345-76.","journal-title":"Prog Neurobiol"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-409-95144-8.50009-4","article-title":"Contribution of human reflex studies to the understanding and management of the pyramidal syndrome","volume-title":"Electromyography in CNS disorders: central EMG","author":"Delwaide, P.J.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Delwaide PJ. Contribution of human reflex studies to the understanding and management of the pyramidal syndrome. In: Shahani BT, ed. Electromyography in CNS disorders: central EMG. Boston: Butherwords, 1984; 77-109."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1102","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.47.10.1102","article-title":"Neurophysiological changes following traumatic spinal lesions in man","volume":"47","author":"Taylor, S.; Ashby, P.; Verrier, M.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Taylor S, Ashby P, Verrier M. Neurophysiological changes following traumatic spinal lesions in man. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1984;47:1102-8.","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-4694(89)90196-X","article-title":"Cumulative vibratory indices and the H\/M ratio of the soleus H-reflex: a quantitative study in control and spastic subjects","volume":"73","author":"de Visser BW, Ongerboer; U, Bour; JHTM, Koelman; JD, Speelman","year":"1989","unstructured":"Ongerboer de Visser BW, Bour U, Koelman JHTM, Speelman JD. Cumulative vibratory indices and the H\/M ratio of the soleus H-reflex: a quantitative study in control and spastic subjects. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1989;73:162-6.","journal-title":"Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"301","article-title":"Spinal reflex activity in man, measurement in relation to spasticity","author":"Sax, D.S.; Johnson, T.L.","year":"1980","unstructured":"Sax DS, Johnson TL. Spinal reflex activity in man, measurement in relation to spasticity. In: Feldman RG, Young, RR, Koella WP, eds. Spasticity: disordered motor control, Miami: Symposia Specialists, 1980:301-13."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/1050-6411(91)90022-W","article-title":"Soleus H-reflex tests in spasticity and dystonia: a computerized analysis","volume":"1","author":"Bour, U.; Ongerboer de Visser, B.W.; Koelman, J.H.T.M.; van Bruggen, G.J.; Speelman, J.D.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Bour U, Ongerboer de Visser BW, Koelman JHTM, van Bruggen GJ, Speelman JD. Soleus H-reflex tests in spasticity and dystonia: a computerized analysis. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology 1991;1:9-19.","journal-title":"Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology"},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"375","article-title":"Relationship between various clinical signs in lesions of the descending motor system. Diseases of the nervous system","volume":"35","author":"Dohrmnann, G.J.; Nowack, W.J.","year":"1974","unstructured":"Dohrmnann GJ, Nowack WJ. Relationship between various clinical signs in lesions of the descending motor system. Diseases of the nervous system 1974;35:375-7."},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"540","article-title":"Preliminary trial of carispodol in multiple sclerosis","volume":"192","author":"Ashworth, B.","year":"1964","unstructured":"Ashworth B. Preliminary trial of carispodol in multiple sclerosis. Practitioner 1964;192:540-2.","journal-title":"Practitioner"},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"6","article-title":"to the examination of the peripheral nervous system","volume-title":"Memorandum 45","author":"Medical Research Council. Aids","year":"1976","unstructured":"Medical Research Council. Aids to the examination of the peripheral nervous system. London: HMSO, 1976:6-7. Memorandum 45."},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"277","article-title":"Methodology of the Hoffmann reflex in man","volume-title":"New develpmnents in electromyography and clinical neurophysiology Vol 3","author":"Hugon, M.","year":"1973","unstructured":"Hugon M. Methodology of the Hoffmann reflex in man. In: Desmedt JE, ed. New develpmnents in electromyography and clinical neurophysiology Vol 3. Basel: Karger, 1973:277-93."},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"551","article-title":"Differential effects of low-frequency depression, vibration-induced inhibition and posttetanic potentation on H-reflexes and tendon jerks in the human soleus muscle","volume":"55","author":"van, Boxtel A.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Boxtel A van. Differential effects of low-frequency depression, vibration-induced inhibition and posttetanic potentation on H-reflexes and tendon jerks in the human soleus muscle. J7 Neurophsyiol 1986;55:551-68."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.29.1.1","article-title":"Differential effects on tonic and phasic reflex mechanisms produced by vibration of muscles in man","volume":"29","author":"DeGail, P.; Lance, J.W.; Neilson, P.D.","year":"1966","unstructured":"DeGail P, Lance JW, Neilson PD. Differential effects on tonic and phasic reflex mechanisms produced by vibration of muscles in man. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1966;29: 1-11.","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_13","article-title":"Etude experimentale de l'hyperreflexie tendineuse en clinique neurologique","author":"Delwaide, P.J.","year":"1971","unstructured":"Delwaide PJ. Etude experimentale de l'hyperreflexie tendineuse en clinique neurologique. Bruxelles: Arscia, 1971."},{"issue":"31","key":"ref_14","first-page":"207","article-title":"The effect of muscle vibration in spasticity, rigidity and cerebellar disorders","volume":"1968","author":"Hagbarth, K.E.; Eklund, G.","unstructured":"Hagbarth KE, Eklund G. The effect of muscle vibration in spasticity, rigidity and cerebellar disorders. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1968;31:207-13.","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1984.sp015116","article-title":"Evidence from the use of vibration that the human long-latency stretch reflex depends upon spindle secondary afferents","volume":"348","author":"Matthews, P.B.C.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Matthews PBC. Evidence from the use of vibration that the human long-latency stretch reflex depends upon spindle secondary afferents. Y Physiol 1984;348: 383-415.","journal-title":"Y Physiol"},{"issue":"205","key":"ref_16","first-page":"329","article-title":"Presynaptic inhibition of the monosynaptic reflex by vibration","volume":"1969","author":"Gullies, J.D.; Lance, J.W.; Neilson, P.D.; Tassinari, C.A.","unstructured":"Gullies JD, Lance JW, Neilson PD, Tassinari CA. Presynaptic inhibition of the monosynaptic reflex by vibration. Y Physiol 1969;205:329-39.","journal-title":"Y Physiol"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(72)90073-1","article-title":"Are spinal \"presynaptic\" inhibitory mechanisms suppressed in spasticity?","volume":"15","author":"Burke, D.; Ashby, P.","year":"1972","unstructured":"Burke D, Ashby P. Are spinal \"presynaptic\" inhibitory mechanisms suppressed in spasticity? Y Neurol Sci 1972;15:321-6.","journal-title":"Y Neurol Sci"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1987.sp016680","article-title":"Assessing changes in presynaptic inhibition of la fibres: a study in man and the cat","volume":"389","author":"Hultbom, H.; Meunier, S.; Morin, C.; Pierrot-Deseilligny, E.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Hultbom H, Meunier S, Morin C, Pierrot-Deseilligny E. Assessing changes in presynaptic inhibition of la fibres: a study in man and the cat. Y Physiol 1987;389:729-56.","journal-title":"Y Physiol"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1352","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.37.12.1352","article-title":"Segmental reflex pathways in spinal shock and spinal spasticity in man","volume":"37","author":"Ashby, P.; Verrier, M.; Lightfoot, E.","year":"1974","unstructured":"Ashby P, Verrier M, Lightfoot E. Segmental reflex pathways in spinal shock and spinal spasticity in man. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1974;37: 1352-60.","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.26.12.1145","article-title":"Neurophysiologic changes in hemiplegia","volume":"26","author":"Ashby, P.; Verrier, M.","year":"1976","unstructured":"Ashby P, Verrier M. Neurophysiologic changes in hemiplegia. Neurology 1976;26:1145-51.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"541","article-title":"Factorial analysis of specific parameters in spasticity","volume":"19","author":"Hayat, A.","year":"1979","unstructured":"Hayat A. Factorial analysis of specific parameters in spasticity. Electromyogr Clin Neurophysiol 1979;19:541-53.","journal-title":"Electromyogr Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.49.8.937","article-title":"Presynaptic inhibition of monosynaptic reflexes in the lower limbs of subjects with upper motor neuron disease","volume":"49","author":"Iles, J.F.; Roberts, R.C.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Iles JF, Roberts RC. Presynaptic inhibition of monosynaptic reflexes in the lower limbs of subjects with upper motor neuron disease. Jf Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1986;49:937-44.","journal-title":"Jf Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_23","first-page":"254","article-title":"Vibratory inhibition of the monosynaptic reflex","volume":"8","author":"Ashby, P.; Verrier, M.; Carleton, S.","year":"1980","unstructured":"Ashby P, Verrier M, Carleton S. Vibratory inhibition of the monosynaptic reflex. In: Desmedt JE, ed. Spinal and supraspinal mechanisms of voluntary motor control and locomotion. (Progress in Clinical Neurophysiology, vol 8.) Basel: Karger, 1980:254-62.","journal-title":"(Progress in Clinical Neurophysiology; and supraspinal mechanisms of voluntary motor control and locomotion"},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"261","article-title":"A reassessment of the muscle spindle contribution to muscle tone in normal and spastic","volume-title":"Spasticity: disordered motor control","author":"Burke, D.","year":"1980","unstructured":"Burke D. A reassessment of the muscle spindle contribution to muscle tone in normal and spastic man. In: Feldman RG, Young RR, Koella WP, eds. Spasticity: disordered motor control. Miami: Symposia Specialists, 1980:261-77."},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"55","article-title":"Mechanisms underlying the tendon jerk and H-reflex","volume-title":"Clinical neurophysiology in spasticity","author":"Burke, D.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Burke D, Mechanisms underlying the tendon jerk and H-reflex. In: Delwaide PJ, Young RR, eds. Clinical neurophysiology in spasticity Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1985: 55-62."},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"219","article-title":"Electrophysiological studies of the H-reflex activity in patients with lesions of the nervous system. I. A comparison of spinal motoneurone excitability following afferent nerve volleys in normal persons and patients with upper motoneurone lesions","volume":"91","author":"Magladery, J.W.; Teasdall, R.D.; Park, A.M.; Languth, H.W.","year":"1952","unstructured":"Magladery JW, Teasdall RD, Park AM, Languth HW. Electrophysiological studies of the H-reflex activity in patients with lesions of the nervous system. I. A comparison of spinal motoneurone excitability following afferent nerve volleys in normal persons and patients with upper motoneurone lesions. Bulletin of the Johns Hopkins Hospital 1952;91:219-44.","journal-title":"Bulletin of the Johns Hopkins Hospital"},{"key":"ref_27","article-title":"Reflexes et regulations d'origine proprioceptive chez l'homme","author":"Paillard, J.","year":"1955","unstructured":"Paillard J. Reflexes et regulations d'origine proprioceptive chez l'homme. Paris: Librairie Arnette, 1955. (Thesis)"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.33.3.358","article-title":"A critical review of evidence concerning long-loop reflexes excited by muscle afferents in man","volume":"33","author":"Gassel, M.M.","year":"1970","unstructured":"Gassel MM. A critical review of evidence concerning long-loop reflexes excited by muscle afferents in man. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1970;33:358-62.","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_29","first-page":"550","article-title":"Supraspinal control of the changes induced in H-reflex by cutaneous stimulation, as studied in normal and spastic","volume-title":"New Developments in electromyography and clinical neurophysiology. Vol 3","author":"Pierrot-Deseilligny, E.; Bussel, B.; Morin, C.","year":"1973","unstructured":"Pierrot-Deseilligny E, Bussel B, Morin C. Supraspinal control of the changes induced in H-reflex by cutaneous stimulation, as studied in normal and spastic man. In: Desmedt JE, ed. New Developments in electromyography and clinical neurophysiology. Vol 3. Basel: Karger, 1973:550-5."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/90.4.887","article-title":"Spinal segmental and long-loop reflexes on spinal motoneurone excitability in spasticity and rigidity","volume":"90","author":"Yap, C.B.","year":"1967","unstructured":"Yap CB. Spinal segmental and long-loop reflexes on spinal motoneurone excitability in spasticity and rigidity. Brain 1967;90:887-96.","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.30.4.325","article-title":"Excitability of spinal motor neurones in normal subjects and patients with spasticity, Parkinsonian rigidity, and cerebellar hypotonia","volume":"30","author":"P, Zander Olsen; E, Diamantopoulos","year":"1967","unstructured":"Zander Olsen P, Diamantopoulos E. Excitability of spinal motor neurones in normal subjects and patients with spasticity, Parkinsonian rigidity, and cerebellar hypotonia. 7Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1967;30:325-3 1.","journal-title":"7Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.40.5.824","article-title":"H-reflex recovery curve and reciprocal inhibition of H-reflex in different kinds of dystonia","volume":"40","year":"1990","unstructured":"Paniza M, Lelli 5, Nilsson J, Hallet M. H-reflex recovery curve and reciprocal inhibition of H-reflex in different kinds of dystonia. Neurology 1990;40:824-8.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.38.7.636","article-title":"Muscle spindle activity in alternating tremor of Parkinsonism and in clonus","volume":"38","author":"Haghbarth, K.E.; Wallin, G.; Lofstedt, L.; Aquilonius, S.M.","year":"1975","unstructured":"Haghbarth KE, Wallin G, Lofstedt L, Aquilonius SM. Muscle spindle activity in alternating tremor of Parkinsonism and in clonus. Jf Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1975;38:636-41.","journal-title":"Jf Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/jnnp.56.7.776","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,26]],"date-time":"2020-09-26T02:44:20Z","timestamp":1601088260000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jnnp.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/jnnp.56.7.776"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1993,7,1]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1993,7,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jnnp.56.7.776","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3050"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3050","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1993,7,1]]}}}