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New EngJ Med 1991;325:445-53.","journal-title":"New EngJ Med"},{"key":"ref_3","article-title":"Carotid endarterectomy in Great Britain and Ireland. BrJ Surg 1986; 73: 867-70. and ICA stenosis of 70% or more and our findings of a permanent neurological compli-","author":"Murie, J.A.; Morris, P.J.","unstructured":"Murie JA, Morris PJ. Carotid endarterectomy in Great Britain and Ireland. BrJ Surg 1986;73:867-70. and ICA stenosis of 70% or more and our findings of a permanent neurological compli-"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.14.2.136","article-title":"Aortocervical angiography in occlusive cerebrovascular disease","volume":"14","author":"Muller, R.; Greitz, I.; Lilieqvist, B.; Hellstrom, L.","year":"1964","unstructured":"Muller R, Greitz I, Lilieqvist B, Hellstrom L. Aortocervical angiography in occlusive cerebrovascular disease. Neurology 1964;14:136-46. cation rate of 4%, it is imperative that patients not suitable for carotid endarterecto-","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref_5","article-title":"Cerebral Ischaemia 1 Current angiographic techniques, complications and safety","author":"Kerber, C.W.; Cromwell, L.D.; Drayer, B.P.; Bank, W.O.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Kerber CW, Cromwell LD, Drayer BP, Bank WO. Cerebral Ischaemia 1 Current angiographic techniques, complications and safety. Am J Roentgenol 1978;130: my are screened out and not put at risk from cerebral angiography. Doppler duplex scanning is non-invasive and although operator dependent it is accurate in experienced hands. When used with clinical assessment it can reliably select patients for angiography. 1097-1103.","journal-title":"Am J Roentgenol; 130: my are screened out and not put at risk from cerebral angiography. Doppler duplex scanning is non-invasive and although operator dependent it is accurate in experienced hands. 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The complication rate reported here cannot be applied to other medical centres","author":"Hankey, G.J.; Warlow, C.P.; Sellar, R.J.","unstructured":"Hankey GJ, Warlow CP, Sellar RJ. Cerebral angiographic risk in mild cerebrovascular disease. Stroke 1990;21: 209-22. The complication rate reported here cannot be applied to other medical centres"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1485","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.300.6738.1485","article-title":"Symptomatic carotid ischaemic events: safest and most cost effective way of selecting patients for angiography, before carotid endarterectomy. because of differences in patient selection, availability of Doppler duplex scanning and radiological expertise. In this centre over the same time period angiography was performed","volume":"300","author":"Hankey, G.J.; Warlow, C.P.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Hankey GJ, Warlow CP. Symptomatic carotid ischaemic events: safest and most cost effective way of selecting patients for angiography, before carotid endarterectomy. because of differences in patient selection, availability of Doppler duplex scanning and radiological expertise. In this centre over the same time period angiography was performed BMJ 1990;300: 1485-91.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1002\/jcu.1870120307","article-title":"Efficacy of CW Doppler and Duplex system examinations for the evaluation of extra cranial carotid disease","volume":"12","author":"Hennerici, M.; Freund, H.J.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Hennerici M, Freund HJ. Efficacy of CW Doppler and Duplex system examinations for the evaluation of extra cranial carotid disease. J Clin Ultrasound 1984;12: 155-61.","journal-title":"J Clin Ultrasound"},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"523","article-title":"in 110 patients (age range 14-52) under consideration of surgery for focal epilepsy. Three patients (2-7%) sustained hemispheric TIAs following the procedure (D Smith, personal communication). This suggests it is the disease and not the procedure which puts patients at risk. Patients with severe ICA stenosis on Doppler duplex screening should Correlation of High resolution, B Mode and continuous wave Doppler sonography with arteriography in the diagnosis of carotid stenosis","volume":"149","author":"Zwiebel, W.J.; Austin, C.W.; Sackett, J.F.; Strother, C.M.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Zwiebel WJ, Austin CW, Sackett JF, Strother CM. in 110 patients (age range 14-52) under consideration of surgery for focal epilepsy. Three patients (2-7%) sustained hemispheric TIAs following the procedure (D Smith, personal communication). This suggests it is the disease and not the procedure which puts patients at risk. Patients with severe ICA stenosis on Doppler duplex screening should Correlation of High resolution, B Mode and continuous wave Doppler sonography with arteriography in the diagnosis of carotid stenosis. Radiology 1983;149: 523-32.","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.154.2.3880910","article-title":"Duplex carotid sonography: Criteria for stenosis, accuracy and pitfalls","volume":"154","author":"Jacobs, N.M.; Grant, E.G.; Schellinger, D.; Byrd, M.C.; Richardson, J.D.; Cohan, S.L.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Jacobs NM, Grant EG, Schellinger D, Byrd MC, Richardson JD, Cohan SL. Duplex carotid sonography: Criteria for stenosis, accuracy and pitfalls. 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It is not yet known whether patients with moderate (30-69%) stenosis of the symptoocclusion of the internal carotid artery","volume":"16","author":"Levien, L.J.; Voll, C.L.; Lithgow-Jolly, P.; Fritz, V.U.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Levien LJ, Voll CL, Lithgow-Jolly P, Fritz VU. The value of non-invasive investigation in the diagnosis of total ultrasound evidence of ICA stenosis. Centres performing cerebral angiography need to monitor their complication rate by prospective audit. It is not yet known whether patients with moderate (30-69%) stenosis of the symptoocclusion of the internal carotid artery. Stroke 1985;16: 945-8.","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"ref_16","article-title":"Introduction","volume-title":"ischaemic attack","author":"Warlow, C.P.; Morris, P.J.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Warlow CP, Morris PJ. Introduction. In: Warlow CP, Morris PJ, eds. Transient ischaemic attack. New York; Marcel Dekker, 1982;vii-xi."},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"541","article-title":"Experience from a multicentre stroke register: A preliminary report","volume":"54","author":"Hatano, S.","year":"1976","unstructured":"Hatano S. Experience from a multicentre stroke register: A preliminary report. Bull WHO 1976;54:541-53.","journal-title":"Bull WHO"},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"542","article-title":"Complications of cerebral angiography for patients with mild carotid terrimatic ICA will benefit from carotid endarterectomy. If no benefit is shown it will be increasingly important to offer accurate screening of patients before angiography. With Doppler duplex screening the absolute number of patients undergoing tory ischaemia being considered for carotid endarterectomy","volume":"53","author":"Hankey, G.J.; Warlow, C.P.; Molyneux, A.J.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Hankey GJ, Warlow CP, Molyneux AJ. Complications of cerebral angiography for patients with mild carotid terrimatic ICA will benefit from carotid endarterectomy. If no benefit is shown it will be increasingly important to offer accurate screening of patients before angiography. With Doppler duplex screening the absolute number of patients undergoing tory ischaemia being considered for carotid endarterectomy. J7 Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1990;53:542-48.","journal-title":"J7 Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.18.6.997","article-title":"Clinical events following neuroangiography: A prospective study","volume":"18","author":"Dion, J.E.; Gates, P.C.; Fox, A.J.; Barnett, H.J.M.; Blom, R.J.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Dion JE, Gates PC, Fox AJ, Barnett HJM, Blom RJ. Clinical events following neuroangiography: A prospective study. 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