{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T09:36:28Z","timestamp":1769938588749,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,11,1]]},"DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.57.11.1321","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,10]],"date-time":"2008-11-10T22:20:59Z","timestamp":1226355659000},"page":"1321-1324","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":123,"title":["Botulinum toxin treatment for lower limb extensor spasticity in chronic hemiparetic patients."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"S","family":"Hesse","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D","family":"Lucke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Malezic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Bertelt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H","family":"Friedrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Gregoric","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K H","family":"Mauritz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1332","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.40.9.1332","article-title":"American Academy of Neurology. Assessment: the clinical usefulness of botulinum toxin-A in treating neurological disorders","volume":"40","year":"1990","unstructured":"American Academy of Neurology. Assessment: the clinical usefulness of botulinum toxin-A in treating neurological disorders. Neurology 1990;40: 1332-6.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"401","article-title":"Botulinum toxin in treating spasticity","volume":"43","author":"Das, T.K.; Park, D.M.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Das TK, Park DM. Botulinum toxin in treating spasticity. BrJ Clin Prod 1989;43:401-2.","journal-title":"BrJ Clin Prod"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410280407","article-title":"Treatment of spasticity with botulinum toxin: a double blind study","volume":"28","author":"Snow, B.J.; Tsui, J.L.; Bhatt, M.H.; Varelas, M.; Hashimoto, S.A.; Clane, D.B.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Snow BJ, Tsui JL, Bhatt MH, Varelas M, Hashimoto SA, Clane DB. Treatment of spasticity with botulinum toxin: a double blind study. Ann Neurol 1990;28:512-5.","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00812153","article-title":"Local botulinum toxin in the treatment of spastic drop foot","volume":"239","author":"Dengler, R.; Neyer, U.; Wolfarth, K.; Bettig, U.; Janzik, H.H.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Dengler R, Neyer U, Wolfarth K, Bettig U, Janzik HH. Local botulinum toxin in the treatment of spastic drop foot. JT Neurol 1992;239:375-8.","journal-title":"JT Neurol"},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"98","article-title":"Botulinum toxin therapy for upper limb flexor spasticity: preliminary results. J7ournal of","volume":"5","author":"Hesse, S.; Friedrich, H.; Domasch, C.; Mauritz, K.H.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Hesse S, Friedrich H, Domasch C, Mauritz KH. Botulinum toxin therapy for upper limb flexor spasticity: preliminary results. J7ournal of Rehabilitation Science 1992;5:98-101.","journal-title":"Rehabilitation Science"},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"312","article-title":"Gait analysis","author":"Perry, J.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Perry J. Gait analysis. Thorofare: Slack Inc, 1992:312-27."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/67.2.206","article-title":"Interrater reliability of a modified Ashworth spastic scale of muscle spasticity","volume":"67","author":"Bohannon, R.W.; Smith, M.B.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Bohannon RW, Smith MB. Interrater reliability of a modified Ashworth spastic scale of muscle spasticity. Physical Therapy 1987;67:206-7.","journal-title":"Physical Therapy"},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"48","article-title":"Assessment of motor function in stroke patients","volume":"65","author":"Lincoln, N.; Leadbitter, D.","year":"1979","unstructured":"Lincoln N, Leadbitter D. Assessment of motor function in stroke patients. Physiotherapy 1979;65:48-5 1.","journal-title":"Physiotherapy"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1669","DOI":"10.3928\/0147-7447-19861201-10","article-title":"A new gait analysis system for clinical use in a rehabilitation center","volume":"9","author":"Hermens, H.J.; deWaal CA; Buurke, J.; Zilvold, G.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Hermens HJ, deWaal CA, Buurke J, Zilvold G. A new gait analysis system for clinical use in a rehabilitation center. Orthopedics 1986;9: 1669-75.","journal-title":"Orthopedics"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.46.1.5","article-title":"Recovery after stroke","volume":"46","author":"Skilbeck, C.E.; Wade, D.T.; Hewer, R.L.; Wood, V.A.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Skilbeck CE, Wade DT, Hewer RL, Wood VA. Recovery after stroke. I Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1983;46:5-8.","journal-title":"I Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.3109\/03790799009166594","article-title":"Mobility after stroke: reliability of measures of impairment and disability","volume":"12","author":"Collen, F.M.; Wade, D.T.; Bradshaw, C.M.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Collen FM, Wade DT, Bradshaw CM. Mobility after stroke: reliability of measures of impairment and disability. International Disabilities Studies 1990;12:6-9.","journal-title":"International Disabilities Studies"},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"32","article-title":"Clinic gait analysis with force plates including double-stride-parameters","volume-title":"of posture and gait","author":"Seichert, N.; Senn, E.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Seichert N, Senn E. Clinic gait analysis with force plates including double-stride-parameters. In: Brandt T, Paulus W, Bles W, Dietrich M, Krafczyk S, Straube A, eds. Disorders of posture and gait. Stuttgart: Thieme Verlag, 1990:32-7."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/102.2.405","article-title":"Different types of disturbed motor control in gait of hemiparetic patients","volume":"102","author":"Knuttson, E.; Richards, C.","year":"1979","unstructured":"Knuttson E, Richards C. Different types of disturbed motor control in gait of hemiparetic patients. Brain 1979;102:405-30.","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"24","article-title":"Electromyographic gait assessment, part 2: preliminary assessment of hemiparetic synergy patterns","volume":"24","author":"Shiavi, R.; Bugle, H.J.; Limbrid, T.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Shiavi R, Bugle HJ, Limbrid T. Electromyographic gait assessment, part 2: preliminary assessment of hemiparetic synergy patterns. J Rehabil Res Dev 1987;24: 24-30.","journal-title":"J Rehabil Res Dev"},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"47","article-title":"Electromyographic analysis of equinovarus following stroke","volume":"131","author":"Perry, J.; Waters, R.; Perrin, T.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Perry J, Waters R, Perrin T. Electromyographic analysis of equinovarus following stroke. Clin Orthop 1978;131: 47-53.","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/99.3.555","article-title":"Reciprocal Ia inhibition in spastic hemiplegia of man","volume":"99","author":"Yanagisawa, N.; Tanaka, R.; Ito, Z.","year":"1976","unstructured":"Yanagisawa N, Tanaka R, Ito Z. Reciprocal Ia inhibition in spastic hemiplegia of man. Brain 1976;99:555-74.","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.41.2_Part_1.286","article-title":"Reciprocal inhibition between forearm muscles in spastic hemiplegia","volume":"41","author":"Artieda, J.; Quesada, P.; Obeso, J.A.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Artieda J, Quesada P, Obeso JA. Reciprocal inhibition between forearm muscles in spastic hemiplegia. Neurology 1991;41:286-9.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"233","article-title":"The mechanism of spastic muscle hypertonus","volume":"114","author":"Thilmann, A.F.; Fellows, S.J.; Garms, E.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Thilmann AF, Fellows SJ, Garms E. The mechanism of spastic muscle hypertonus. Brain 1991;114:233-44.","journal-title":"Brain"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/jnnp.57.11.1321","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,21]],"date-time":"2023-05-21T00:06:46Z","timestamp":1684627606000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jnnp.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/jnnp.57.11.1321"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1994,11,1]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,11,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jnnp.57.11.1321","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3050"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3050","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1994,11,1]]}}}