{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T06:39:55Z","timestamp":1778654395944,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,11,1]]},"DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.57.11.1403","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,10]],"date-time":"2008-11-10T22:20:59Z","timestamp":1226355659000},"page":"1403-1406","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Multimodal electrophysiological studies including motor evoked potentials in patients with locked-in syndrome: report of six patients."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"C","family":"Bassetti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Mathis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C W","family":"Hess","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","reference":[{"key":"ref_1","article-title":"The diagnosis of stupor and coma","author":"Plum, F.; Posner, J.B.","year":"1980","unstructured":"Plum F, Posner JB. The diagnosis of stupor and coma. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: FA Davis Co, 1980.","edition":"3rd ed"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(83)90127-2","article-title":"Neuropathology in seven cases of locked-in syndrome","volume":"60","author":"Reznick, M.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Reznick M. Neuropathology in seven cases of locked-in syndrome. J Neurol Sci 1983;60:67-78.","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00313105","article-title":"Varieties of the locked-in syndrome","volume":"221","author":"Bauer, G.; Gerstenbrand, F.; Rumpl, E.","year":"1979","unstructured":"Bauer G, Gerstenbrand F, Rumpl E. Varieties of the locked-in syndrome. J Neurol 1979;221:77-9 1.","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.4.5941.379","article-title":"Locked-in syndrome. Report of seven cases","volume":"4","author":"Hawkes, C.H.","year":"1974","unstructured":"Hawkes CH. Locked-in syndrome. Report of seven cases. BMJ 1974;4:379-82.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1974.00490320064009","article-title":"\"Locked-in\" state with bilateral midbrain infarcts","volume":"30","author":"Karp, J.S.; Hurtig, H.I.","year":"1974","unstructured":"Karp JS, Hurtig HI. \"Locked-in\" state with bilateral midbrain infarcts. Arch Neurol 1974;30:176-8.","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.52.10.1191","article-title":"Post traumatic extracranial vertebral artery dissection with locked-in syndrome: a case with MRI documentation and unusually favourable outcome","volume":"52","author":"Rae-Grant, A.D.; Lin, F.; Yaeger, B.A.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Rae-Grant AD, Lin F, Yaeger BA, et al. Post traumatic extracranial vertebral artery dissection with locked-in syndrome: a case with MRI documentation and unusually favourable outcome. 7 Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1989;52:1191-3.","journal-title":"7 Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.17.4.758","article-title":"Locked-in syndrome: a review of 139 cases","volume":"17","author":"Patterson, JR, Grabois; M.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Patterson JR, Grabois M. Locked-in syndrome: a review of 139 cases. Stroke 1986;17:758-64.","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9993(21)01692-0","article-title":"Early smooth horizontal eye movements: a favourable prognostic sign in patients with locked-in syndrome","volume":"70","author":"Yang CC, Lieberman JS, Hong CZ","year":"1989","unstructured":"Yang CC, Lieberman JS, Hong CZ. Early smooth horizontal eye movements: a favourable prognostic sign in patients with locked-in syndrome. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1989;70:230-2.","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"101518","article-title":"The electroencephalogram in the \"locked-in\" syndrome","volume":"24","author":"Hawkes, C.H.; Bryan-Smyth, L.","year":"1974","unstructured":"Hawkes CH, Bryan-Smyth L. The electroencephalogram in the \"locked-in\" syndrome. Neurology 1974;24:101518.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-4694(89)90091-6","article-title":"Electrophysiologic studies on locked-in patients: heterogeneity of findings","volume":"73","author":"Towle, V.L.; Maselli, R.; Bernstein, L.P.; Spire, J.P.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Towle VL, Maselli R, Bernstein LP, Spire JP. Electrophysiologic studies on locked-in patients: heterogeneity of findings. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1989;73:419-26.","journal-title":"Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-4694(89)90265-4","article-title":"Sensorimotor and auditory central conduction time in locked-in syndrome","volume":"73","author":"Facco, E.; Caputo, P.; Fiore, D.; Giron, G.P.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Facco E, Caputo P, Fiore D, Giron GP. Sensorimotor and auditory central conduction time in locked-in syndrome. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1989;73: 552-6.","journal-title":"Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"209","article-title":"Die transkranielle Kortexstimulation mit Magnetfeldimpulsen: Methodische und physiologische Grundlagen","volume-title":"Z EEG EMG","volume":"9","author":"Hess, C.W.; Ludin, H.P.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Hess CW, Ludin HP. Die transkranielle Kortexstimulation mit Magnetfeldimpulsen: Methodische und physiologische Grundlagen. Z EEG EMG 1988;9: 209-15."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.55.4.294","article-title":"Transcranial magnetic stimulation in pontine infarction: correlation to degree of paresis","volume":"55","author":"Ferbert, A.; Vielhaber, S.; Meincke, U.; Buchner, H.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Ferbert A, Vielhaber S, Meincke U, Buchner H. Transcranial magnetic stimulation in pontine infarction: correlation to degree of paresis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1992;55:294-9.","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4886(87)90069-0","article-title":"A noninvasive technique to assess completeness of spinal cord lesions in humans","volume":"98","author":"Gianutsos, J.; Eberstein, A.; Holland, T.; Goodgold, J.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Gianutsos J, Eberstein A, Holland T, Goodgold J. A noninvasive technique to assess completeness of spinal cord lesions in humans. Exp Neurol 1987;98:34-40.","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"issue":"27","key":"ref_15","first-page":"152","article-title":"Temporal patterns of discharge of pyramidal tract neurons during sleep and waking in the monkey","volume":"1962","author":"Evarts, E.V.","unstructured":"Evarts EV. Temporal patterns of discharge of pyramidal tract neurons during sleep and waking in the monkey. Jf Neurophysiol 1962;27: 152-71.","journal-title":"Jf Neurophysiol"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1967.sp008273","article-title":"Responses of the pyramidal tract to stimulation of the baboon's motor cortex","volume":"191","author":"Kernell, D.; Wu, C.P.","year":"1967","unstructured":"Kernell D, Wu CP. Responses of the pyramidal tract to stimulation of the baboon's motor cortex. J Physiol (Lond) 1967;191:653-72.","journal-title":"J Physiol (Lond)"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(90)90321-Y","article-title":"Descending volley after electrical and magnetic transcranial stimulation in man","volume":"112","author":"Berardelli, A.; Ighilleri, M.; Cruccu, G.; Manfredo, M.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Berardelli A, Ighilleri M, Cruccu G, Manfredo M. Descending volley after electrical and magnetic transcranial stimulation in man. Neurosci Lett 1990;112: 54-8.","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/jnnp.57.11.1403","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,21]],"date-time":"2023-05-21T00:06:45Z","timestamp":1684627605000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jnnp.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/jnnp.57.11.1403"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1994,11,1]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,11,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jnnp.57.11.1403","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3050"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3050","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1994,11,1]]}}}