{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T00:22:20Z","timestamp":1792714940266,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery &amp; Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,2,1]]},"DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.57.2.202","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,10]],"date-time":"2008-11-10T17:20:59Z","timestamp":1226337659000},"page":"202-207","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":628,"title":["Cognitive impairment after stroke: frequency, patterns, and relationship to functional abilities."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"T K","family":"Tatemichi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D W","family":"Desmond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Y","family":"Stern","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Paik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Sano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E","family":"Bagiella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"487","article-title":"Epidemiological profile of long-term stroke disability: the Framingham study","volume":"60","author":"Gresham, G.E.; Phillips, T.E.; Wolf, P.A.; McNamara, P.M.; Kannel, W.B.; Dawber, T.R.","year":"1979","unstructured":"Gresham GE, Phillips TE, Wolf PA, McNamara PM, Kannel WB, Dawber TR. Epidemiological profile of long-term stroke disability: the Framingham study. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1979;60:487-9 1.","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"34","article-title":"Selected cognitive losses after stroke. Int Disabil Stud","volume":"11","author":"Wade, D.T.; Skilbeck, C.; Hewer, R.L.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Wade DT, Skilbeck C, Hewer RL. Selected cognitive losses after stroke. Int Disabil Stud 1989;11:34-9."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.42.6.1185","article-title":"Dementia after stroke: baseline frequency, risks, and clinical features in a hospitalized cohort","volume":"42","author":"Tatemichi, T.K.; Desmond, D.W.; Mayeux, R.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Tatemichi TK, Desmond DW, Mayeux R, et al. Dementia after stroke: baseline frequency, risks, and clinical features in a hospitalized cohort. Neurology 1992;42:1185-93.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"413","article-title":"Prevalence of dementia depends on diagnostic criteria (abstract)","volume":"42","author":"Tatemichi, T.K.; Desmond, D.W.; Stem, Y.; Sano, M.; Mayeux, R.; Andrews, H.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Tatemichi TK, Desmond DW, Stem Y, Sano M, Mayeux R, Andrews H. Prevalence of dementia depends on diagnostic criteria (abstract). Neurology 1992; 42(Suppl.):413.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref_5","article-title":"The assessment of aphasia and related disorders","author":"Goodglass, H.; Kaplan, E.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Goodglass H, Kaplan E. The assessment of aphasia and related disorders, 2nd edn. Philadelphia: Lea and Febiger, 1983.","edition":"2nd edn"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1992.00530290035009","article-title":"Diagnosis of dementia in a heterogeneous population: Part I. Development of a neuropsychological paradigm and quantified correction for education","volume":"49","author":"Stern, Y.; Andrews, H.; Pittman, J.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Stern Y, Andrews H, Pittman J, et al. Diagnosis of dementia in a heterogeneous population: Part I. Development of a neuropsychological paradigm and quantified correction for education. Arch Neurol 1992;49:453-60.","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1992.00530290043010","article-title":"Diagnosis of dementia in a heterogenous population: Part II. Comparison on a paradigm-based diagnosis and physician's diagnosis","volume":"49","author":"Pittman, J.; Andrews, H.; Tatemichi, T.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Pittman J, Andrews H, Tatemichi T, et al. Diagnosis of dementia in a heterogenous population: Part II. Comparison on a paradigm-based diagnosis and physician's diagnosis. Arch Neurol 1992;49:461-7.","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.46.1.5","article-title":"Recovery after stroke","volume":"46","author":"Skilbeck, C.E.; Wade, D.T.; Hewer, R.L.; Wood, V.A.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Skilbeck CE, Wade DT, Hewer RL, Wood VA. Recovery after stroke. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1983;46:5-8.","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.24.11.1019","article-title":"Evaluating storage, retention, and retrieval in disordered memory and learning","volume":"24","author":"Bushke, H.; Fuld, P.A.","year":"1974","unstructured":"Bushke H, Fuld PA. Evaluating storage, retention, and retrieval in disordered memory and learning. Neurology 1974;24: 1019-25.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref_10","article-title":"The visual retention test","author":"Benton, A.L.","year":"1955","unstructured":"Benton AL. The visual retention test. New York: The Psychological Corporation, 1955."},{"key":"ref_11","article-title":"Boston naming test","author":"Kaplan, E.; Goodglass, H.; Weintraub, S.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Kaplan E, Goodglass H, Weintraub S. Boston naming test. Philadelphia: Lea and Febiger, 1983."},{"key":"ref_12","article-title":"The Rosen drawing test","author":"Rosen, W.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Rosen W. The Rosen drawing test. New York: Veterans Administration Medical Center, 1983."},{"key":"ref_13","article-title":"Wechsler adult intelligence scale","author":"Wechsler, D.","year":"1981","unstructured":"Wechsler D. Wechsler adult intelligence scale-revised. New York: The Psychological Corporation, 1981.","edition":"revised"},{"key":"ref_14","article-title":"Mental status examination for organic mental syndrome in the elderly patient","volume-title":"psychiatry","author":"Mattis, S.","year":"1976","unstructured":"Mattis S. Mental status examination for organic mental syndrome in the elderly patient. In: Bellak L, Karasu TB, eds. Geriatric psychiatry. New York: Grune and Stratton, 1976."},{"key":"ref_15","article-title":"Attention deficits in Alzheimer's disease. Presented at the 92nd annual meeting of the American Psychological Association","author":"Sano, M.; Rosen, W.; Mayeux, R.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Sano M, Rosen W, Mayeux R. Attention deficits in Alzheimer's disease. Presented at the 92nd annual meeting of the American Psychological Association, Toronto, Canada, August, 1984."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.19.5.547","article-title":"The Stroke Data Bank: design, methods, and baseline characteristics","volume":"19","author":"Foulkes, M.A.; Wolf, P.A.; Price, T.R.; Mohr, J.P.; Hier, D.B.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Foulkes MA, Wolf PA, Price TR, Mohr JP, Hier DB. The Stroke Data Bank: design, methods, and baseline characteristics. Stroke 1988;19:547-54.","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"ref_17","article-title":"Projection technique for evaluating surgery in Parkinson's disease","volume-title":"symposium on Parkinson's disease","author":"Schwab, R.; England, A.","year":"1969","unstructured":"Schwab R, England A. Projection technique for evaluating surgery in Parkinson's disease. In: Gillingham F, Donaldson I, eds. Third symposium on Parkinson's disease. London: E and S Livingstone, 1969."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1983.04050030032005","article-title":"A computed tomographic guide to the identification of cerebral vascular territories","volume":"40","author":"Damasio, H.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Damasio H. A computed tomographic guide to the identification of cerebral vascular territories. Arch Neurol 1983;40: 138-42.","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"685","article-title":"Cognitive dysfunction in multiple sclerosis","volume":"41","author":"Rao, S.M.; Leo, G.J.; Bernardin, L.; Unverzagt, F.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Rao SM, Leo GJ, Bernardin L, Unverzagt F. Cognitive dysfunction in multiple sclerosis. I. Frequency, patterns, and prediction. Neurology 1991;41:685-91.","journal-title":"I. Frequency, patterns, and prediction. Neurology"},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"555","article-title":"Functional status measures in a comprehensive stroke care program","volume":"58","author":"Granger CV, Sherwood CC, Greer DS","year":"1977","unstructured":"Granger CV, Sherwood CC, Greer DS. Functional status measures in a comprehensive stroke care program. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1977;58:555-61.","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"415","article-title":"Factors influencing survival and need for institutionalization following stroke: The Framingham Study","volume":"69","author":"Kelly-Hayes, M.; Wolf, P.A.; Kannel, W.B.; Sytkowski, P.; D'Agostino, R.B.; Gresham, G.E.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Kelly-Hayes M, Wolf PA, Kannel WB, Sytkowski P, D'Agostino RB, Gresham GE. Factors influencing survival and need for institutionalization following stroke: The Framingham Study. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1988;69:415-8.","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.13.5.648","article-title":"Predicting the stroke patient's ability to live independently","volume":"13","author":"DeJong, G.; Branch, L.G.","year":"1982","unstructured":"DeJong G, Branch LG. Predicting the stroke patient's ability to live independently. Stroke 1982;13:648-55.","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"ref_23","article-title":"Neurobehavioral aspects of cerebrovascular disease","author":"Hom J, stroke","year":"1991","unstructured":"Bornstein RA, Brown G, eds. Neurobehavioral aspects of cerebrovascular disease. New York: Oxford, 1991. Hom J, stroke."},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"100","article-title":"Differences in neuropsychological test performance associated with age, education, and sex","volume-title":"Neuropsychological assessment of neuropsychiatric disorders: clinical methods and empirical findings","author":"Heaton, R.K.; Grant, I.; Matthews, C.G.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Heaton RK, Grant I, Matthews CG. Differences in neuropsychological test performance associated with age, education, and sex. In: Grant I, Adams KM, eds. Neuropsychological assessment of neuropsychiatric disorders: clinical methods and empirical findings. New York: Oxford, 1986:100-120."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.3109\/03790798609166175","article-title":"Memory disturbance after stroke: frequency and associated losses","volume":"8","author":"Wade, D.T.; Parker, V.; Hewer, R.L.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Wade DT, Parker V, Hewer RL. Memory disturbance after stroke: frequency and associated losses. Int Rehabil Med 1986;8:60-4.","journal-title":"Int Rehabil Med"},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"243","article-title":"Clinical correlates of dementia following stroke (abstract)","volume":"30","author":"Tatemichi, T.K.; Desmond, D.W.; Paik, M.; Mayeux, R.; Mohr, J.P.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Tatemichi TK, Desmond DW, Paik M, Mayeux R, Mohr JP. Clinical correlates of dementia following stroke (abstract). Ann Neurol 1991;30:243.","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"147","article-title":"The psychometric differentiation of dementia from","volume":"3","author":"Christensen, H.; Dadzi-Pavlovic, D.; Jacomb, P.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Christensen H, Dadzi-Pavlovic D, Jacomb P. The psychometric differentiation of dementia from J Consult Clin Psychol 1991;3:147-55. normal aging.","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol"},{"key":"ref_28","first-page":"419","article-title":"The 'Mini-Mental State' Examination as a screen for dementia following stroke (abstract)","volume":"13","author":"Tatemichi, T.K.; Desmond, D.W.; Paik, M.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Tatemichi TK, Desmond DW, Paik M, et al. The 'Mini-Mental State' Examination as a screen for dementia following stroke (abstract). 7 Clin Exp Neuropsychol 1991;13:419.","journal-title":"7 Clin Exp Neuropsychol"},{"key":"ref_29","first-page":"241","article-title":"Utility of the NIH Stroke Scale","volume":"2","author":"Brott, T.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Brott T. Utility of the NIH Stroke Scale. Cerebrovasc Dis 1992;2:241-2.","journal-title":"Cerebrovasc Dis"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery &amp; Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/jnnp.57.2.202","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,25]],"date-time":"2020-09-25T22:46:06Z","timestamp":1601073966000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jnnp.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/jnnp.57.2.202"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1994,2,1]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,2,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jnnp.57.2.202","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3050"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3050","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1994,2,1]]}}}