{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T13:05:52Z","timestamp":1761743152096},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,2,1]]},"DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.57.2.211","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,10]],"date-time":"2008-11-10T22:20:59Z","timestamp":1226355659000},"page":"211-216","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Spelling dyslexia: a deficit of the visual word-form."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"E K","family":"Warrington","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D","family":"Langdon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"ref_1","first-page":"61","article-title":"Contribution a l'etude anatomoclinique et clinique des differentes varietes de cecite verbal","volume":"1892","author":"Dejerine, J.","unstructured":"Dejerine J. Contribution a l'etude anatomoclinique et clinique des differentes varietes de cecite verbal. C R Soc Biol (Paris) 1892;4:61-90.","journal-title":"C R Soc Biol (Paris)"},{"key":"ref_2","article-title":"From neuropsychology to mental structure","author":"Shallice, T.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Shallice T. From neuropsychology to mental structure. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1988."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/103.1.99","article-title":"Word form dyslexia","volume":"103","author":"Warrington, E.K.; Shallice, T.","year":"1980","unstructured":"Warrington EK, Shallice T. Word form dyslexia. Brain 1980;103:99-112.","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"411","article-title":"Letter-by-letter reading: Psychological descriptions of a neurological syndrome. QJ Exp Psychol A","volume":"34","author":"Patterson, K.; Kay, J.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Patterson K, Kay J. Letter-by-letter reading: Psychological descriptions of a neurological syndrome. QJ Exp Psychol A 1982;34:411-41."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3932(90)90142-B","article-title":"Priming effects in a letter-by-letter reader depend upon access to the word form system","volume":"28","author":"Schacter, D.L.; Rapscak, S.Z.; Rubens, A.B.; Tharan, M.; Laguna, J.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Schacter DL, Rapscak SZ, Rubens AB, Tharan M, Laguna J. Priming effects in a letter-by-letter reader depend upon access to the word form system. Neuropsychologia 1990;28: 1079-94.","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1080\/02643298408252014","article-title":"Pictures, images, and pure alexia: A case study","volume":"1","author":"Friedman, R.B.; Alexander, M.P.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Friedman RB, Alexander MP. Pictures, images, and pure alexia: A case study. Cogn Neuropsychol 1984;1:9-23.","journal-title":"Cogn Neuropsychol"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1080\/02643299108253376","article-title":"Pure alexia as a visual impairment: A reconsideration","volume":"8","author":"Farah, M.J.; Wallace, M.A.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Farah MJ, Wallace MA. Pure alexia as a visual impairment: A reconsideration. Cogn Neuropsychol 1991;8: 313-34.","journal-title":"Cogn Neuropsychol"},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"247","article-title":"Visual deficits associated with occipital lobe lesions in man","volume":"(suppl.)","author":"Warrington, E.K.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Warrington EK. Visual deficits associated with occipital lobe lesions in man. Exp Brain Res 1986;11 (suppl.) 247-61.","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1080\/02643298608252030","article-title":"Lexical processing in the absence of explicit word identifications: Evidence from a letterby-letter reader","volume":"3","author":"Shallice, T.; Saffran, E.M.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Shallice T, Saffran EM. Lexical processing in the absence of explicit word identifications: Evidence from a letterby-letter reader. Cogn Neuropsychol 1986;3:429-58.","journal-title":"Cogn Neuropsychol"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/112.2.327","article-title":"Evidence for preserved reading in 'Pure Alexia'","volume":"112","author":"Coslett, H.B.; Saffran, E.M.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Coslett HB, Saffran EM. Evidence for preserved reading in 'Pure Alexia'. Brain 1989;112:327-59.","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref_11","article-title":"The graded naming test","author":"McKenna, P.; Warrington, E.K.","year":"1983","unstructured":"McKenna P, Warrington EK. The graded naming test. Windsor, UK: NFER-Nelson, 1983."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/101.1.163","article-title":"Word-comprehension and word-retrieval in patients with localised cerebral lesions","volume":"101","author":"Coughlan, A.K.; Warrington, E.K.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Coughlan AK, Warrington EK. Word-comprehension and word-retrieval in patients with localised cerebral lesions. Brain 1978;101:163-85.","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref_13","article-title":"Acquired spelling disorders","author":"Baxter-Versi, D.M.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Baxter-Versi DM. Acquired spelling disorders. Ph D Thesis, University of London, 1987."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1155\/1992\/490703","article-title":"Cognitive retardation in a patient with preservation of psychomotor speed","volume":"5","author":"Willison, JR, Warrington; E.K.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Willison JR, Warrington EK. Cognitive retardation in a patient with preservation of psychomotor speed. Behav Neurol 1992;5:113-6.","journal-title":"Behav Neurol"},{"key":"ref_15","article-title":"Handbook of tests for use in schools","author":"Burt, C.","year":"1923","unstructured":"Burt C. Handbook of tests for use in schools. London: Staples Press, 1923."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-9452(86)80002-8","article-title":"Phonological reading: Phenomena and paradoxes","volume":"22","author":"McCarthy, R.A.; Warrington, E.K.","year":"1986","unstructured":"McCarthy RA, Warrington EK. Phonological reading: Phenomena and paradoxes. Cortex 1986;22:359-80.","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"key":"ref_17","article-title":"Cognitive neuropsychology","author":"McCarthy, R.A.; Warrington, E.K.","year":"1990","unstructured":"McCarthy RA, Warrington EK. Cognitive neuropsychology. New York: Academic Press, 1990."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/102.1.43","article-title":"Semantic access dyslexia","volume":"102","author":"Warrington, E.K.; Shallice, T.","year":"1979","unstructured":"Warrington EK, Shallice T. Semantic access dyslexia. Brain 1979;102:43-63.","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"85","key":"ref_19","first-page":"461","article-title":"A disorder of simultaneous form perception","volume":"1962","author":"Kinsbourne, M.; Warrington, E.K.","unstructured":"Kinsbourne M, Warrington EK. A disorder of simultaneous form perception. Brain 1962;85:461-86.","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"697","article-title":"The localizing significance of limited simultaneous form perception","volume":"85","author":"Kinsboume, M.; Warrington, E.K.","year":"1963","unstructured":"Kinsboume M, Warrington EK. The localizing significance of limited simultaneous form perception. Brain 1963;85:697-702.","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref_21","first-page":"323","article-title":"Diseases of the arteries","volume":"1890","author":"Hutchinson, J.","unstructured":"Hutchinson J. Diseases of the arteries. Arch Surg 1890; 1:323-33.","journal-title":"Arch Surg"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1934.00160090077007","article-title":"Arteritis of the temporal vessels","volume":"53","author":"Horton, B.T.; Magath, T.B.; Brown, G.E.","year":"1934","unstructured":"Horton BT, Magath TB, Brown GE. Arteritis of the temporal vessels. Arch Intern Med 1934;53:400-9.","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"ref_23","first-page":"515","article-title":"Clinical lecture on heredito-syphilitic struma: and on the teeth as a means of diagnosis","volume":"1","author":"Hutchinson, J.","year":"1861","unstructured":"Hutchinson J. Clinical lecture on heredito-syphilitic struma: and on the teeth as a means of diagnosis. BM3r 1861;1:515-7."}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/jnnp.57.2.211","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,26]],"date-time":"2020-09-26T02:46:06Z","timestamp":1601088366000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jnnp.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/jnnp.57.2.211"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1994,2,1]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,2,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jnnp.57.2.211","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3050"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3050","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1994,2,1]]}}}