{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T18:22:07Z","timestamp":1777486927224,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>MRI with surface coils is currently the preferred method for evaluating degenerative cervical spine disease. The differentiation between soft disc herniation and osteophytic spurs is not always obvious, however, on a 0.5 Tesla unit. The procedure of choice for soft disc herniation, MRI on a 0.5 T superconducting system associated with plain radiography of the cervical spine, in selecting patients for anterior cervical discectomy without interbody fusion (ACD), was evaluated. This prospective study comprised 100 patients with cervical radicular symptoms, not subsiding after conservative treatment. Plain radiographs were obtained for all patients. Patients without spinal instability, spondylosis, or major osteophytes on plain radiographs and without clinical findings of myelopathy underwent MRI (n = 59) on a 0.5 Tesla superconducting system. The other 41 patients underwent CT myelography. On MRI, herniation of a cervical soft disc was seen in 55 patients and the localisation corresponded well with the clinical symptoms. CT myelography showed a foraminal herniation in one of four selected patients with negative MRI. Fifty of 55 patients underwent ACD. All herniations were confirmed at operation, but in two patients there were important foraminal spurs not seen on MRI. It is concluded that 0.5 T MRI combined with plain radiographs offers an accurate, non-invasive test in the assessment of selected patients with cervical radiculopathy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.57.6.724","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,10]],"date-time":"2008-11-10T22:20:59Z","timestamp":1226355659000},"page":"724-728","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Diagnostic imaging algorithm for cervical soft disc herniation."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"E","family":"Van de Kelft","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M","family":"van Vyve","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1994,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1205","article-title":"Preoperative evaluation of cervical radiculopathy and myelopathy by surface-coil MR imaging","volume":"151","author":"Brown, B.M.; Schwartz, R.H.; Frank, E.; Blank, N.K.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Brown BM, Schwartz RH, Frank E, Blank NK. Preoperative evaluation of cervical radiculopathy and myelopathy by surface-coil MR imaging. AJNR 1988; 151:1205-12.","journal-title":"AJNR"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1016\/S0033-8389(22)00803-X","article-title":"Cervical spine anatomy and pathologic process. Applications of new MR techniques","volume":"26","author":"Czervionke, L.F.; Daniels, D.L.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Czervionke LF, Daniels DL. Cervical spine anatomy and pathologic process. Applications of new MR techniques. Rad Clin North Am 1988;26:921-47.","journal-title":"Rad Clin North Am"},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"467","article-title":"Cervical spine: MR imaging with a partial flip angle, gradient-refocused pulse sequence","volume":"166","author":"Enzmann, D.R.; Rubin, J.B.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Enzmann DR, Rubin JB. Cervical spine: MR imaging with a partial flip angle, gradient-refocused pulse sequence. Part I. General considerations and disc disease. Radiology 1988;166:467-72.","journal-title":"Part I. General considerations and disc disease. Radiology"},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"785","article-title":"MR imaging of the cervical spine: neurovascular anatomy","volume":"148","author":"Flannigan, B.D.; Lufkin, R.B.; McGlade, C.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Flannigan BD, Lufkin RB, McGlade C, et al. MR imaging of the cervical spine: neurovascular anatomy. AJNR 1987;148:785-90.","journal-title":"AJNR"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1177\/028418518903000302","article-title":"Comparison of myelography and magnetic resonance imaging in cervical spondylosis and disk hemiation","volume":"30","author":"Larsson, E.M.; Holtas, S.; Croncvist, S.; Brandt, L.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Larsson EM, Holtas S, Croncvist S, Brandt L. Comparison of myelography and magnetic resonance imaging in cervical spondylosis and disk hemiation. Acta Radiol 1989;30:233-9.","journal-title":"Acta Radiol"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1097\/00004728-198711000-00006","article-title":"Postoperative cervical spine: MR assessment","volume":"11","author":"Ross, J.S.; Masaryk, T.J.; Modic, M.T.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Ross JS, Masaryk TJ, Modic MT. Postoperative cervical spine: MR assessment. J Comput Assist Tomogr 1987;11: 955-62.","journal-title":"J Comput Assist Tomogr"},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"1243","article-title":"Assessment of extradural degenerative disease with Gd-DTPA-enhanced MR imaging. Correlation with surgical and pathologic findings","volume":"10","author":"Ross, J.S.; Modic, M.; Masaryk, T.J.; Carter, J.; Marcus, T.E.; Bohlman, H.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Ross JS, Modic M, Masaryk TJ, Carter J, Marcus TE, Bohlman H. Assessment of extradural degenerative disease with Gd-DTPA-enhanced MR imaging. Correlation with surgical and pathologic findings. AJNR 1989;10: 1243-50.","journal-title":"AJNR"},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"1251","article-title":"Tears of the annulus fibrosus: assessement with Gd-DTPA-enhanced MR imaging","volume":"10","author":"Ross, J.S.; Modic, M.T.; Masaryk, T.J.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Ross JS, Modic MT, Masaryk TJ. Tears of the annulus fibrosus: assessement with Gd-DTPA-enhanced MR imaging. AJNR 1989;10:1251-5.","journal-title":"AJNR"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199106000-00007","article-title":"In vivo and ex vivo magnetic resonance imaging evaluation of early disc degeneration with histopathologic correlation","volume":"16","author":"Schiebler, M.L.; Camerino, V.J.; Fallon, M.D.; Zlatkin, M.B.; Grenier, N.; Kressel, H.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Schiebler ML, Camerino VJ, Fallon MD, Zlatkin MB, Grenier N, Kressel H. In vivo and ex vivo magnetic resonance imaging evaluation of early disc degeneration with histopathologic correlation. Spine 1991;16:635-40.","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199106000-00006","article-title":"Disc degeneration in magnetic resonance imaging. A comparative biochemical, histologic, and radiologic studies in cadaver species","volume":"16","author":"Tertti, M.; Paajanen, H.; Laato, M.; Aho, H.; Komu, M.; Kormano, M.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Tertti M, Paajanen H, Laato M, Aho H, Komu M, Kormano M. Disc degeneration in magnetic resonance imaging. A comparative biochemical, histologic, and radiologic studies in cadaver species. Spine 1991;16: 629-34.","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198906000-00014","article-title":"Evaluation of cervical disc degeneration with ultralow field MRI and discography. An experimental study on cadavers","volume":"14","author":"Viikari-Juntura, E.; Raininko, R.; Videman, Y.; Porkka, L.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Viikari-Juntura E, Raininko R, Videman Y, Porkka L. Evaluation of cervical disc degeneration with ultralow field MRI and discography. An experimental study on cadavers. Spine 1989;14:616-9.","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01407775","article-title":"Complications of anterior cervical discectomy without fusion in 450 consecutive patients","volume":"99","author":"Bertalanffy, H.; Eggert, H.R.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Bertalanffy H, Eggert HR. Complications of anterior cervical discectomy without fusion in 450 consecutive patients. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 1989;99:41-50.","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01406648","article-title":"Treatment of cervical disc disease using Cloward's technique. The prognostic value of clinical preoperative data in 1106 patients","volume":"70","author":"Eriksen, E.F.; Buhl, M.; Fode, K.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Eriksen EF, Buhl M, Fode K, et al. Treatment of cervical disc disease using Cloward's technique. The prognostic value of clinical preoperative data in 1106 patients. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 1984;70: 181-97.","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)"},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"97","article-title":"Treatment of cervical disc disease using Cloward's technique. I General results, effect of different operative methods and complications in 1106 patients","volume":"70","author":"Espersen, J.O.; Buhl, M.; Eriksen, E.F.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Espersen JO, Buhl M, Eriksen EF, et al. Treatment of cervical disc disease using Cloward's technique. I General results, effect of different operative methods and complications in 1106 patients. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 1984;70:97-114.","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199015100-00009","article-title":"Surgical management of cervical soft disc hemiation. A comparison between the anterior and posterior approach","volume":"15","author":"Herkowitz, H.N.; Kurz, L.T.; Overholt, D.P.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Herkowitz HN, Kurz LT, Overholt DP. Surgical management of cervical soft disc hemiation. A comparison between the anterior and posterior approach. Spine 1990;15: 1026-30.","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"530","article-title":"Innervation of the spinal dura mater","volume":"29","author":"Edger, M.A.; Nundy, S.","year":"1964","unstructured":"Edger MA, Nundy S. Innervation of the spinal dura mater. Y Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1964;29:530-4.","journal-title":"Y Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"181","article-title":"Anterior cervical discectomy without fusion","author":"Robertson, J.T.","year":"1981","unstructured":"Robertson JT. Anterior cervical discectomy without fusion. In: Dunsker SB, ed. Cervical spondylosis. New York: Raven Press, 1981:181-1904."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1093\/neurosurgery\/27.CN_suppl_1.440","article-title":"Anterior cervical discectomy without fusion: long-term results","volume":"27","author":"Robertson, J.T.; Johnson, S.D.","year":"1980","unstructured":"Robertson JT, Johnson SD. Anterior cervical discectomy without fusion: long-term results. Clin Neurosurg 1980; 27:440-9.","journal-title":"Clin Neurosurg"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1966.03100190063017","article-title":"Types of cervical disc lesions and their surgical approaches","volume":"196","author":"Scoville, W.B.","year":"1966","unstructured":"Scoville WB. Types of cervical disc lesions and their surgical approaches. JAMA 1966;196:105-7.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"491","article-title":"Cervical disc disease","author":"Simeone, F.A.; Rothman, R.H.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Simeone FA, Rothman RH. Cervical disc disease. In: Rothman RH, Simeone FA, eds. The spine. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 1982:491."},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"551","article-title":"Anterior cervical discectomy without bone graft","volume-title":"Y Neurosurg","volume":"47","author":"Wilson, D.H.; Campbell, D.D.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Wilson DH, Campbell DD. Anterior cervical discectomy without bone graft. Y Neurosurg 1977;47:551-5."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01401157","article-title":"Treatment of cervical disc disease using Cloward's technique. III Evaluation of cervical spondylotic myelopathy in 138 cases","volume":"70","author":"Wohlert, L.; Buhl, M.; Eriksen, E.F.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Wohlert L, Buhl M, Eriksen EF, et al. Treatment of cervical disc disease using Cloward's technique. III Evaluation of cervical spondylotic myelopathy in 138 cases. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 1984;70:121-31.","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199103000-00004","article-title":"Clinical long-term results of anterior discectomy without interbody fusion for cervical disc disease","volume":"16","year":"1991","unstructured":"Yamamoto I, Ikeda A, Shibuya N, Tsugane R, Sato 0. Clinical long-term results of anterior discectomy without interbody fusion for cervical disc disease. Spine 1991; 16:272-9.","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-9260(63)80015-X","article-title":"The sagittal diameter of the spinal canal in cervical spondylosis","volume":"14","author":"Burrows, E.","year":"1963","unstructured":"Burrows E. The sagittal diameter of the spinal canal in cervical spondylosis. Clin Radiol 1963;14:77-86.","journal-title":"Clin Radiol"},{"issue":"229-42","key":"ref_25","first-page":"\"25\" # \"601","article-title":"Microsurgical anterior approach to cervical discs. Review of 60 consecutive cases of discectomy without fusion","volume":"73","author":"Husag, L.; Probst, C.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Husag L, Probst C. Microsurgical anterior approach to cervical discs. Review of 60 consecutive cases of discectomy without fusion. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 1984;73: 229-42. 25 Prolo DJ, Oklund SA, Butcher M. Toward uniformity in evaluating results of lumbar spine operations. A paradigm applied to posterior lumbar interbody fusions. Spine 1986;11:601-6.","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien); Toward uniformity in evaluating results of lumbar spine operations. A paradigm applied to posterior lumbar interbody fusions"},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"391","article-title":"Value of computed tomographic myelography in the recognition of cervical herniated disc","volume":"5","author":"Landman, J.A.; JC, Jr, Hoffman; Braun, I.F.; Barrow, D.L.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Landman JA, Hoffman JC Jr, Braun IF, Barrow DL. Value of computed tomographic myelography in the recognition of cervical herniated disc. AJNR 1984;5:391-5.","journal-title":"AJNR"},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"385","article-title":"Metrizamide myelography and postmyelographic computed tomography: comparative adequacy in the cervical spine. AJ7NR","volume":"5","author":"Sobel, D.F.; Barkovich, A.J.; Munderloh, S.H.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Sobel DF, Barkovich AJ, Munderloh SH. Metrizamide myelography and postmyelographic computed tomography: comparative adequacy in the cervical spine. AJ7NR 1984;5:385-90."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-199104000-00014","article-title":"Intracerebral hemorrhage after iohexol myelography. Report of a case and review of the literature","volume":"28","author":"de Kelft E, Van; J, Bosmans; M, Van Vyve; PM, Parizel; P, Selosse","year":"1991","unstructured":"Van de Kelft E, Bosmans J, Van Vyve M, Parizel PM, Selosse P. Intracerebral hemorrhage after iohexol myelography. Report of a case and review of the literature. Neurosurgery 1991;28:570-4.","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"ref_29","first-page":"196","article-title":"Postsurgical follow-up by MRI of anterior cervical discectomy without fusion. Eur J7 Radiol","volume":"15","author":"de Kelft E, Van; M, Van Vyve; P, Selosse","year":"1992","unstructured":"Van de Kelft E, Van Vyve M, Selosse P. Postsurgical follow-up by MRI of anterior cervical discectomy without fusion. Eur J7 Radiol 1992; 15: 196-9."},{"key":"ref_30","first-page":"831","volume":"175","author":"Schellinger, D.; Manz, H.J.; Vidic, B.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Schellinger D, Manz HJ, Vidic B, et al. Disk fragment migration. Radiology 1990;175:831-6.","journal-title":"Disk fragment migration. Radiology"},{"key":"ref_31","first-page":"375","article-title":"Three-dimensional gradient-recalled MR imaging as a screening tool for the diagnosis of cervical radiculopathy","volume":"154","author":"Tsuruda, J.S.; Norman, D.; Dillon, W.; Newton, T.H.; Mills, D.G.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Tsuruda JS, Norman D, Dillon W, Newton TH, Mills DG. Three-dimensional gradient-recalled MR imaging as a screening tool for the diagnosis of cervical radiculopathy. AYR 1990;154:375-83.","journal-title":"AYR"},{"key":"ref_32","first-page":"229","article-title":"Degenerative narrowing of the cervical spine neural foramina: evaluation with high-resolution 3DFT gradient-echo MR imaging","volume":"12","author":"Youssem, D.M.; Atlas, S.W.; Goldberg, H.I.; Grossman, R.I.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Youssem DM, Atlas SW, Goldberg HI, Grossman RI. Degenerative narrowing of the cervical spine neural foramina: evaluation with high-resolution 3DFT gradient-echo MR imaging. A3rNR 1991;12:229-37."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.1100050203","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging of osteoarthritis: correlation with gross pathology using an experimental model","volume":"5","author":"Sabiston, C.P.; Adams, M.E.; Li, D.K.B.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Sabiston CP, Adams ME, Li DKB. Magnetic resonance imaging of osteoarthritis: correlation with gross pathology using an experimental model. J Orthop Res 1987;5: 164-72.","journal-title":"J Orthop Res"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery &amp; Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/jnnp.57.6.724","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,5]],"date-time":"2024-07-05T10:42:01Z","timestamp":1720176121000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jnnp.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/jnnp.57.6.724"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1994,6]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1994,6,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/jnnp.57.6.724"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jnnp.57.6.724","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3050","1468-330X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3050","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-330X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1994,6]]}}}