{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T10:30:37Z","timestamp":1790937037503,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,1,1]]},"DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.58.1.51","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,10]],"date-time":"2008-11-10T22:20:59Z","timestamp":1226355659000},"page":"51-55","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["Which factors predict cognitive decline in Parkinson's disease?"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"D","family":"Caparros-Lefebvre","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N","family":"Pecheux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V","family":"Petit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Duhamel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H","family":"Petit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.31.6.645","article-title":"Depression, intellectual impairment and Parkinson's disease","volume":"31","author":"Mayeux, R.; Stem, Y.; Rosen, J.; Leventhal, J.","year":"1981","unstructured":"Mayeux R, Stem Y, Rosen J, Leventhal J. Depression, intellectual impairment and Parkinson's disease. Neurology 1981;31:645-50.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"405","article-title":"Intellectual impairment in Parkinson's disease","volume":"45","author":"Stem, Y.; Mayeux, R.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Stem Y, Mayeux R. Intellectual impairment in Parkinson's disease. Adv Neurol 1986;45:405-8.","journal-title":"Adv Neurol"},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"409","article-title":"Psychometric findings in clinical subtypes of Parkinson's disease","volume":"45","author":"Ransmayr, G.; Poewe, W.; Ploerer, S.; Birbamer, G.; Gerstenbrand, F.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Ransmayr G, Poewe W, Ploerer S, Birbamer G, Gerstenbrand F. Psychometric findings in clinical subtypes of Parkinson's disease. Adv Neurol 1986;45: 409-11.","journal-title":"Adv Neurol"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.39.6.762","article-title":"Cognitive slowing in Parkinson's disease fails to respond to levodopa treatment: the 15-objects test","volume":"39","author":"Pillon, B.; Dubois, B.; Bonnet, A.M.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Pillon B, Dubois B, Bonnet AM, et al. Cognitive slowing in Parkinson's disease fails to respond to levodopa treatment: the 15-objects test. Neurology 1989;39:762-8.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/111.3.525","article-title":"Temporal ordering and short-term memory deficits in Parkinson's disease","volume":"111","author":"Sagar, H.J.; Sullivan, E.V.; Gabrieli, J.D.E.; Corkin, S.; Growdon, J.H.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Sagar HJ, Sullivan EV, Gabrieli JDE, Corkin S, Growdon JH. Temporal ordering and short-term memory deficits in Parkinson's disease. Brain 1988;111:525-39.","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/1989\/485427","article-title":"The neurobehavioral abnormalities in Parkinson's disease and their relationship to psychomotor retardation and obsessional compulsive disorders","volume":"2","author":"Lees, A.J.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Lees AJ. The neurobehavioral abnormalities in Parkinson's disease and their relationship to psychomotor retardation and obsessional compulsive disorders. Behav Neurol 1989;2: 1-11.","journal-title":"Behav Neurol"},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"21","article-title":"Cognitive function in Parkinson's disease: from description to theory. TIN","volume":"13","author":"Brown, R.G.; Marsden, C.D.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Brown RG, Marsden CD. Cognitive function in Parkinson's disease: from description to theory. TIN.S 1990;13:21-9.","journal-title":"S"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.32.2.133","article-title":"Relationship of motor symptoms to intellectual deficits in Parkinson's disease","volume":"32","author":"Mortimer, J.A.; Pirozzolo, F.J.; Hansch, E.C.; Webster, D.D.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Mortimer JA, Pirozzolo FJ, Hansch EC, Webster DD. Relationship of motor symptoms to intellectual deficits in Parkinson's disease. Neurology 1982;32:133-7.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2095","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/114.5.2095","article-title":"Cognitive impairment in early untreated Parkinson's disease and its relationship to motor disability","volume":"114","author":"Cooper, J.A.; Sagar, H.J.; Jordan, N.; Harvey, N.S.; Sullivan, E.V.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Cooper JA, Sagar HJ, Jordan N, Harvey NS, Sullivan EV. Cognitive impairment in early untreated Parkinson's disease and its relationship to motor disability. Brain 1991;114:2095-22.","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.52.2.201","article-title":"Does cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease result from non-dopaminergic lesions?","volume":"52","author":"Pillon, B.; Dubois, B.; Cusimano, G.; Bonnet, A.M.; Lhermitte, F.; Agid, Y.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Pillon B, Dubois B, Cusimano G, Bonnet AM, Lhermitte F, Agid Y. Does cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease result from non-dopaminergic lesions? Jf Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1989;52:201-6.","journal-title":"Jf Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"413","article-title":"Predictive factors for cognitive deterioration and dementia in Parkinson's disease","volume":"45","author":"Portin, R.; Rinne, U.K.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Portin R, Rinne UK. Predictive factors for cognitive deterioration and dementia in Parkinson's disease. Adv Neurol 1986;45:413-6.","journal-title":"Adv Neurol"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1978.00500290007002","article-title":"Onset and end-of-dose levodopa induced dyskinesias","volume":"35","author":"Lhermitte, F.; Agid, Y.; Signoret, J.L.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Lhermitte F, Agid Y, Signoret JL. Onset and end-of-dose levodopa induced dyskinesias. Arch Neurol 1978; 35:261-3.","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"413","article-title":"Le test a la L-Dopa dans la maladie de Parkinson","volume":"141","author":"Esteguy, M.; Bonnet, A.M.; Kefalos, J.; Lhermitte, F.; Agid, Y.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Esteguy M, Bonnet AM, Kefalos J, Lhermitte F, Agid Y. Le test a la L-Dopa dans la maladie de Parkinson. Rev Neurol 1985;141:413-5.","journal-title":"Rev Neurol"},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"96","article-title":"Fluctuations of disability in Parkinson's disease clinical aspects","author":"Marsden, C.D.; Parkes, J.D.; Quinn, N.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Marsden CD, Parkes JD, Quinn N. Fluctuations of disability in Parkinson's disease clinical aspects. In: Marsden CD, Fahn S, eds. Mov Disord. London: Butterworth Scientific, 1982;96-122."},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"445","article-title":"Mouvements anormaux provoques par la L-Dopa dans la maladie de Parkinson: correlation avec les concentrations plasmatiques de DOPA","volume":"133","author":"Lhermitte, F.; Agid, Y.; Feuerstein, C.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Lhermitte F, Agid Y, Feuerstein C, et al. Mouvements anormaux provoques par la L-Dopa dans la maladie de Parkinson: correlation avec les concentrations plasmatiques de DOPA et de O-Methyl-DOPA. Rev Neurol 1977;133:445-54.","journal-title":"et de O-Methyl-DOPA. Rev Neurol"},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"95","article-title":"Parkinsonism-plus syndromes. Mov Disord 1989; 4(suppl 1)","author":"Jankovic, J.","unstructured":"Jankovic J. Parkinsonism-plus syndromes. Mov Disord 1989;4(suppl 1):95-119."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(85)90986-9","article-title":"Parkinson's disease and dementia","volume":"1","author":"Lees, A.J.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Lees AJ. Parkinson's disease and dementia. Lancet 1985;1:43-4.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(88)90246-1","article-title":"\"Subcortical dementia\": the neuropsychological evidence","volume":"25","author":"Brown, R.G.; Marsden, C.D.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Brown RG, Marsden CD. \"Subcortical dementia\": the neuropsychological evidence. Neuroscienice 1988;25: 363-87.","journal-title":"Neuroscienice"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410260302","article-title":"Neuropathological distinction between Parkinson's dementia and Parkinson's plus Alzheimer's disease","volume":"26","author":"la Monte SM, De; SE, Wells; T, Hedley-White; JH, Growdon","year":"1989","unstructured":"De la Monte SM, Wells SE, Hedley-White T, Growdon JH. Neuropathological distinction between Parkinson's dementia and Parkinson's plus Alzheimer's disease. Ann Neurol 1989;26: 309-20.","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"ref_20","article-title":"Wechsler memory scale manual","author":"Wechsler, D.; Stone, C.P.","year":"1973","unstructured":"Wechsler D, Stone CP. Wechsler memory scale manual. New York. NY: Psychological Corp, 1973."},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"313","article-title":"A modified card sorting test sensitive to frontal lobe defects","volume":"12","author":"Nelson, H.E.","year":"1976","unstructured":"Nelson HE. A modified card sorting test sensitive to frontal lobe defects. C'ortex 1976;12:313-24.","journal-title":"C'ortex"},{"issue":"181 -4","key":"ref_22","article-title":"Accuracy of clinical diagnosis of idiopathic Parkinson's disease: a clinico-pathological study of 100 cases","volume":"55","author":"Hughes, A.J.; Daniel, S.E.; Kilford, L.; Lees, A.J.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Hughes AJ, Daniel SE, Kilford L, Lees AJ. Accuracy of clinical diagnosis of idiopathic Parkinson's disease: a clinico-pathological study of 100 cases. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1992;55: 181 -4.","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_23","article-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, revised third editionl","author":"American Psychiatric Association, Committee on Nomenclature and Statistics","year":"1987","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association, Committee on Nomenclature and Statistics. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, revised third editionl. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association, 1987."},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"153","article-title":"RL and members of the UPDRS Development Committee. Unified Parkinson's disease rating scale","volume-title":"developments in Parkinson's disease","volume":"2","author":"Fahn, S.; Elton","year":"1987","unstructured":"Fahn S, Elton RL and members of the UPDRS Development Committee. Unified Parkinson's disease rating scale. In: Fahn S, Marsden CD, Caine D, Goldstein M, eds. Recent developments in Parkinson's disease. New Jersey: Macmillan Healthcare Information, 1987;2: 153-63."},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"152","article-title":"Projection technique for evaluating in Parkinson's disease","volume-title":"symposium on Parkinson 's disease","author":"Schwab, R.S.; England, A.C.","year":"1969","unstructured":"Schwab RS, England AC. Projection technique for evaluating in Parkinson's disease. In: Gillingham FJ, Donaldson IML, eds. Third symposium on Parkinson 's disease. Livingstone, Edinburgh: Eyre and Spottiswoode, 1969:152-7."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.134.4.382","article-title":"A new depression scale designed to be sensitive to change","volume":"134","author":"Montgomery, S.A.; Asberg, M.","year":"1979","unstructured":"Montgomery SA, Asberg M. A new depression scale designed to be sensitive to change. Br J Psychiatry 1979;134:382--9.","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"117","article-title":"Evaluation neuropsychologique avant et apres stimulation thalamique chez 9 parkinsoniens","volume":"148","author":"Caparros-Lefebvre, D.; Blond, S.; Pecheux, N.; Pasquier, F.; Petit, H.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Caparros-Lefebvre D, Blond S, Pecheux N, Pasquier F, Petit H. Evaluation neuropsychologique avant et apres stimulation thalamique chez 9 parkinsoniens. Rev NVeurol 1992;148:117-22.","journal-title":"Rev NVeurol"},{"key":"ref_28","article-title":"SAS STAT user's guide","author":"SAS Institute Inc","year":"1989","unstructured":"SAS Institute Inc. SAS STAT user's guide. 4th ed. Cary, NC: SAS Institute, 1989.","edition":"4th ed"},{"key":"ref_29","first-page":"195","article-title":"Cognitive deficits in Parkinson's disease","volume-title":"of neuropsychology","volume":"5","author":"Dubois, B.; Boller, F.; Pillon, B.; Agid, Y.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Dubois B, Boller F, Pillon B, Agid Y. Cognitive deficits in Parkinson's disease. In: Boller F, Grafman J, eds. Handbook of neuropsychology. Amsterdam: Elsevier 1991;5:195-240."},{"key":"ref_30","first-page":"383","article-title":"Cognitive impairments in Parkinson's disease","volume":"45","author":"Growdon, J.H.; Corkin, S.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Growdon JH, Corkin S. Cognitive impairments in Parkinson's disease. Adv Neurol 1986;45:383-92.","journal-title":"Adv Neurol"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.40.1.38","article-title":"Ageinduced cognitive disturbances in Parkinson's disease","volume":"40","author":"Dubois, B.; Pillon, B.; Stemic, N.; Lhermitte, F.; Agid, Y.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Dubois B, Pillon B, Stemic N, Lhermitte F, Agid Y. Ageinduced cognitive disturbances in Parkinson's disease. Neurology 1990;40:38-41.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.51.2.244","article-title":"The effect of age of disease onset on neuropsychological performance in Parkinson's disease","volume":"51","author":"Hietanen, M.; Teravainen, H.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Hietanen M, Teravainen H. The effect of age of disease onset on neuropsychological performance in Parkinson's disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1988; 51:244-9.","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref_33","first-page":"141","article-title":"Risks factors for Alzheimer's disease: a case-control study in Pamplona","volume":"42","author":"Martinez-Lage, J.M.; Manubens, J.M.; Lacruz, F.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Martinez-Lage JM, Manubens JM, Lacruz F, et al. Risks factors for Alzheimer's disease: a case-control study in Pamplona. Neurology 1992;42(suppl 3):141.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4613-0933-8_5","article-title":"Dementia in Parkinson's disease","volume-title":"Handbook of psychopharmacology. Vol 20: Psychopharmacology of the aging nervous system","author":"Ruberg, M.; Agid, Y.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Ruberg M, Agid Y. Dementia in Parkinson's disease. In: Iversen LL, Iversen SD, Snyder SH, eds. Handbook of psychopharmacology. Vol 20: Psychopharmacology of the aging nervous system. New York: Plenum Press 1988: 157-206."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410330506","article-title":"Dementia in Parkinson's disease: biochemical evidence for cortical involvement using the immunodetection of abnormal tau proteins","volume":"33","author":"Vermersch, P.; Delacourte, A.; Javoy-Agid, F.; Hauw, J.J.; Agid, Y.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Vermersch P, Delacourte A, Javoy-Agid F, Hauw JJ, Agid Y. Dementia in Parkinson's disease: biochemical evidence for cortical involvement using the immunodetection of abnormal tau proteins. Ann Neurol 1993;33: 445-50.","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"ref_36","first-page":"2","article-title":"Levodopa-induced dyskinesias in Parkinson's disease","volume":"9","author":"Marconi, R.; Caparros-Lefebvre, D.; Bonnet, A.M.; Vidaillet, M.; Dubois, B.; Agid, Y.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Marconi R, Caparros-Lefebvre D, Bonnet AM, Vidaillet M, Dubois B, Agid Y. Levodopa-induced dyskinesias in Parkinson's disease. Phenomenology and pathophysiology. Mov Disord 1994;9:2-12.","journal-title":"Phenomenology and pathophysiology. Mov Disord"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.56.3.268","article-title":"Chronic thalamic stimulation improves tremor and levodopa-induced dyskinesias in Parkinson's disease","volume":"56","author":"Caparros-Lefebvre, D.; Blond, S.; Vermersch, P.; Pecheux, N.; Guieu, J.D.; Petit, H.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Caparros-Lefebvre D, Blond S, Vermersch P, Pecheux N, Guieu JD, Petit H. Chronic thalamic stimulation improves tremor and levodopa-induced dyskinesias in Parkinson's disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1993; 56:268-73.","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/jnnp.58.1.51","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,26]],"date-time":"2020-09-26T02:48:34Z","timestamp":1601088514000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jnnp.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/jnnp.58.1.51"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1995,1,1]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,1,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jnnp.58.1.51","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3050"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3050","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1995,1,1]]}}}