{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T16:02:31Z","timestamp":1790870551832,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,3,1]]},"DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.58.3.312","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,10]],"date-time":"2008-11-10T22:20:59Z","timestamp":1226355659000},"page":"312-319","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Kinematic properties of upper limb trajectories in idiopathic torsion dystonia."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"R","family":"Inzelberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T","family":"Flash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E","family":"Schechtman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A D","family":"Korczyn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.21.1.13","article-title":"Inheritance of idiopathic torsion dystonia among Jews","volume":"21","author":"Zilber, N.; Korczyn, A.D.; Kahana, E.; Fried, K.; Alter, M.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Zilber N, Korczyn AD, Kahana E, Fried K, Alter M. Inheritance of idiopathic torsion dystonia among Jews. J Med Genet 1984;21:13-20.","journal-title":"J Med Genet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-3639.1992.tb00707.x","article-title":"The autosomal dominant dystonias","volume":"2","author":"Gasser, T.; Fahn, S.; Breakfield, X.O.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Gasser T, Fahn S, Breakfield XO. The autosomal dominant dystonias. Brain Pathology 1992;2:297-308.","journal-title":"Brain Pathology"},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"350","volume":"6","author":"Korczyn, A.D.; Dystonia, Inzelberg R.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Korczyn AD, Inzelberg R. Dystonia. Curr Opin Neurol Neurosurg 1993;6:350-7.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurol Neurosurg"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/108.2.463","article-title":"The anatomical basis of symptomatic hemidystonia","volume":"108","author":"Marsden, C.D.; Obeso, J.A.; Zarranz, J.J.; Lang, A.E.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Marsden CD, Obeso JA, Zarranz JJ, Lang AE. The anatomical basis of symptomatic hemidystonia. Brain 1985;108:463-83.","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.38.7.1005","article-title":"Hand cramps: Clinical features and electromyographic patterns in a focal dystonia","volume":"38","author":"Cohen, L.G.; Hallett, M.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Cohen LG, Hallett M. Hand cramps: Clinical features and electromyographic patterns in a focal dystonia. Neurology 1988;38: 1005-12.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.48.8.782","article-title":"Increased co-activation of upper limb muscles in writer's cramp","volume":"48","author":"Hughes, M.; McLellan, D.L.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Hughes M, McLellan DL. Increased co-activation of upper limb muscles in writer's cramp. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1985;48:782-7.","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/105.3.461","article-title":"Writer's cramp, a focal dystonia","volume":"105","author":"Sheehy, M.D.; Marsden, C.D.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Sheehy MD, Marsden CD. Writer's cramp, a focal dystonia. Brain 1982;105:461-80.","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(71)90206-1","article-title":"Dystonia musculorum deformans. Analysis by electromyography","volume":"13","author":"Yanagisawa, N.; Goto, A.","year":"1971","unstructured":"Yanagisawa N, Goto A. Dystonia musculorum deformans. Analysis by electromyography. J Neurol Sci 1971;13: 39-65.","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"141","article-title":"Trajectory control in dystonia","volume":"50","author":"Ghez, C.; Gordon, S.; Hening, W.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Ghez C, Gordon S, Hening W. Trajectory control in dystonia. Adv Neurol 1988;50:141-55.","journal-title":"Adv Neurol"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/112.3.681","article-title":"Reciprocal inhibition between forearm muscles in patients with writer's cramp and other occupational cramps, symptomatic hemidystonia and hemiparesis due to stroke","volume":"112","author":"Nakashima, K.; Rothwell, J.C.; Day, B.L.; Thompson, P.D.; Shannon, K.; Marsden, C.D.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Nakashima K, Rothwell JC, Day BL, Thompson PD, Shannon K, Marsden CD. Reciprocal inhibition between forearm muscles in patients with writer's cramp and other occupational cramps, symptomatic hemidystonia and hemiparesis due to stroke. Brain 1989;112: 681-97.","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"133","article-title":"Reciprocal inhibition between muscles of the human forearm in normal subjects and in patients with idiopathic torsion dystonia","volume":"50","author":"Rothwell, J.C.; Day, B.L.; Obeso, J.A.; Berardelli, A.; Marsden, C.D.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Rothwell JC, Day BL, Obeso JA, Berardelli A, Marsden CD. Reciprocal inhibition between muscles of the human forearm in normal subjects and in patients with idiopathic torsion dystonia. Adv Neurol 1988;50: 133-40.","journal-title":"Adv Neurol"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.40.5.824","article-title":"H-reflex recovery curve and reciprocal inhibition of H-reflex in different kinds of dystonia","volume":"40","author":"Panizza, M.E.; Lelli, S.; Nilsson, J.; Hallett, M.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Panizza ME, Lelli S, Nilsson J, Hallett M. H-reflex recovery curve and reciprocal inhibition of H-reflex in different kinds of dystonia. Neurology 1990;40:824-48.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.52.9.1043","article-title":"Rapid elbow movements in patients with torsion dystonia","volume":"52","author":"W, Van Der Kamp; A, Berardelli; JC, Rothwell; PD, Thompson; BL, Day; CD, Marsden","year":"1989","unstructured":"Van Der Kamp W, Berardelli A, Rothwell JC, Thompson PD, Day BL, Marsden CD. Rapid elbow movements in patients with torsion dystonia. _J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1989;52: 1043-9.","journal-title":"_J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"117","article-title":"Psychomotor performance in Parkinson's disease","volume-title":"Clinical Neurophysiology in Parkinsonism","author":"Sanes, J.N.; Evarts, E.V.","unstructured":"Sanes JN, Evarts EV. Psychomotor performance in Parkinson's disease. In: Delwaide PJ, Agnoli A, eds. Clinical Neurophysiology in Parkinsonism. BV North Holland: Elsevier 1985:117-32."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00353957","article-title":"Dynamic interactions between limb segments during planar arm movements","volume":"44","author":"Hollerbach, J.M.; Flash, T.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Hollerbach JM, Flash T. Dynamic interactions between limb segments during planar arm movements. Biol Cybern 1982;44:67-77.","journal-title":"Biol Cybern"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1688","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.05-07-01688.1985","article-title":"The coordination of arm movement: an experimentally confirmed mathematical model","volume":"5","author":"Flash, T.; Hogan, N.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Flash T, Hogan N. The coordination of arm movement: an experimentally confirmed mathematical model. 7 Neurosci 1985;5: 1688-703.","journal-title":"7 Neurosci"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ne.09.030186.001051","article-title":"On reaching","volume":"9","author":"Georgopoulos, A.P.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Georgopoulos AP. On reaching. Ann Rev Neurosci 1986; 9:147-70.","journal-title":"Ann Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"1","article-title":"The accuracy of voluntary movement. Physiological Monograph Suppl","volume":"13","author":"Woodworth, R.S.","year":"1899","unstructured":"Woodworth RS. The accuracy of voluntary movement. Physiological Monograph Suppl New York: Macmillan, 1899;13:1-1 14."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4886(92)90038-R","article-title":"Kinematic properties of upper limb trajectories in Parkinson's disease","volume":"118","author":"Flash, T.; Inzelberg, R.; Korczyn, A.D.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Flash T, Inzelberg R, Korczyn AD. Kinematic properties of upper limb trajectories in Parkinson's disease. Exp Neurol 1992;118:215-26.","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"399","article-title":"The role of visual reafferents during a pointing movement: comparative study between open-loop and closed-loop performances in monkeys before and after unilateral electrolytic lesion of substantia nigra","volume":"65","author":"Viallet, F.; Trouche, E.; Beaubaton, D.; Legallet, E.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Viallet F, Trouche E, Beaubaton D, Legallet E. The role of visual reafferents during a pointing movement: comparative study between open-loop and closed-loop performances in monkeys before and after unilateral electrolytic lesion of substantia nigra. Exp Brain Res 1987;65:399-410.","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"93","article-title":"Clinical course of idiopathic torsion dystonia among Jews in Israel","volume":"50","author":"Inzelberg, R.; Kahana, E.; Korczyn, A.D.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Inzelberg R, Kahana E, Korczyn AD. Clinical course of idiopathic torsion dystonia among Jews in Israel. Adv Neurol 1988;50:93-100.","journal-title":"Adv Neurol"},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"194","article-title":"Genetics of idiopathic torsion dystonia in Ashkenazi Jews","volume-title":"Genetic diversity among Jews","author":"Korczyn, A.D.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Korczyn AD. Genetics of idiopathic torsion dystonia in Ashkenazi Jews. In: Bonne-Tamir B, Adam A, eds. Genetic diversity among Jews. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992:194-201."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.32.5.514","article-title":"The mysterious motor function of the basal ganglia: the Robert Wartenberg lecture","volume":"32","author":"Marsden, C.D.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Marsden CD. The mysterious motor function of the basal ganglia: the Robert Wartenberg lecture. Neurology 1982; 32:514-39.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/111.2.223","article-title":"The coexistence of bradykinesia and chorea in Huntington's disease and its implications for theories of basal ganglia control of movement","volume":"111","author":"Thompson, P.D.; Berardelli, A.; Rothwell, J.C.; Day, B.L.; Dick, J.P.R.; Benecke, R.; Marsden, C.D.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Thompson PD, Berardelli A, Rothwell JC, Day BL, Dick JPR, Benecke R, Marsden CD. The coexistence of bradykinesia and chorea in Huntington's disease and its implications for theories of basal ganglia control of movement. Brain 1988;111:223-44.","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"1415","article-title":"Corollary discharge: motor commands and perception","volume-title":"Handbook ofphysiology, Section 1: The nervous system. Vol 2. Motor control","author":"McCloseky, D.L.","year":"1981","unstructured":"McCloseky DL. Corollary discharge: motor commands and perception. In: Brooks VB, ed. Handbook ofphysiology, Section 1: The nervous system. Vol 2. Motor control. Bethesda: American Physiological Association, 1981: 1415-48."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00230693","article-title":"Motor programmes for goal-directed movements are continuously adjusted according to target location","volume":"78","author":"JF, Van Sonderen; CCAM, Van Gielen; van Der Gon JJ, Denier","year":"1989","unstructured":"Van Sonderen JF, Van Gielen CCAM, Denier van Der Gon JJ. Motor programmes for goal-directed movements are continuously adjusted according to target location. Exp Brain Res 1989;78:139-46.","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(92)90405-Q","article-title":"Effects of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,5,6 tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) induced hemi-parkinsonism on the kinematics of a two-dimensional multi-joint arm movement in the rhesus monkey","volume":"48","author":"Camarata, P.J.; Parker, R.G.; Park, S.K.; Haines, S.J.; Turner, D.A.; Chae, H.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Camarata PJ, Parker RG, Park SK, Haines SJ, Turner DA, Chae H et al. Effects of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,5,6 tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) induced hemi-parkinsonism on the kinematics of a two-dimensional multi-joint arm movement in the rhesus monkey. Neuroscience 1992; 48:607-19.","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1101\/SQB.1990.055.01.079","article-title":"Roles of proprioceptive input in the programming of arm trajectories","volume":"55","author":"Ghez, C.; Gordon, S.; Ghilardi, M.F.; Christakos, C.N.; Cooper, S.E.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Ghez C, Gordon S, Ghilardi MF, Christakos CN, Cooper SE. Roles of proprioceptive input in the programming of arm trajectories. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol 1990;55:837-47.","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/0001-6918(93)90011-F","article-title":"The role of proprioceptive information for the production of isometric forces and for hand-writing tasks","volume":"82","author":"Teasdale, N.; Forget, R.; Bard, C.; Paillard, J.; Fleury, M.; Lamarre, Y.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Teasdale N, Forget R, Bard C, Paillard J, Fleury M, Lamarre Y. The role of proprioceptive information for the production of isometric forces and for hand-writing tasks. Acta Psychol (Amst) 1993;82:179-91.","journal-title":"Acta Psychol (Amst)"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(76)90218-5","article-title":"Normal muscle spindles in idiopathic torsion dystonia","volume":"27","author":"Swash, M.; Fox, K.P.","year":"1976","unstructured":"Swash M, Fox KP. Normal muscle spindles in idiopathic torsion dystonia. Jf Neurol Sci 1976;27:525-7.","journal-title":"Jf Neurol Sci"},{"key":"ref_31","first-page":"257","article-title":"On St Vitus's dance. The works of Thomas Sydenham, MD. Translated from the Latin edition of Dr Greenhill with a life of the author by RG Latham MD Vol 2","author":"Sydenham, T.","unstructured":"Sydenham T. On St Vitus's dance. The works of Thomas Sydenham, MD. Translated from the Latin edition of Dr Greenhill with a life of the author by RG Latham MD Vol 2. London: The Sydenhain Society, 1850: 257-9."},{"key":"ref_32","article-title":"Reports of medical cases. Vol 2 Disease of the brain and nervous system: selected with a view of illustrating the symptoms and cure of diseases by reference to morbid anatomy","author":"Bright, R.","unstructured":"Bright R. Reports of medical cases. Vol 2 Disease of the brain and nervous system: selected with a view of illustrating the symptoms and cure of diseases by reference to morbid anatomy. London: Longman, 1831:493."},{"key":"ref_33","first-page":"33","article-title":"Locke and Sydenham and other papers","author":"Brown, J.","unstructured":"Brown J. Locke and Sydenham and other papers. Edinburgh: David Douglas, 1882:33-135."}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/jnnp.58.3.312","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,26]],"date-time":"2020-09-26T02:49:00Z","timestamp":1601088540000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jnnp.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/jnnp.58.3.312"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1995,3,1]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,3,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jnnp.58.3.312","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3050"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3050","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1995,3,1]]}}}