{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T03:04:52Z","timestamp":1791255892104,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,9,1]]},"DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.59.3.312","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,10]],"date-time":"2008-11-10T22:20:59Z","timestamp":1226355659000},"page":"312-315","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Slowly progressive apraxia in Alzheimer's disease."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"R C","family":"Green","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F C","family":"Goldstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S S","family":"Mirra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N P","family":"Alazraki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J L","family":"Baxt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R A","family":"Bakay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"101","article-title":"Slowly progressive apraxia","volume":"2","author":"Dick, J.P.; Snowden, J.S.; Northen, B.; Goulding, P.J.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Dick JP, Snowden JS, Northen B, Goulding PJ. Slowly progressive apraxia. Behavioural Neurology 1989;2: 101-14.","journal-title":"Behavioural Neurology"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"255","article-title":"Posterior cortical atrophy: neuropsychological and neuroradiological correlates","volume":"28","author":"Rapcsak, S.Z.; Ochipa, C.; Roeltgen, M.G.; Roeltgen, D.P.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Rapcsak SZ, Ochipa C, Roeltgen MG, Roeltgen DP. Posterior cortical atrophy: neuropsychological and neuroradiological correlates. Ann Neurol 1990;28:255.","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.1992.tb08058.x","article-title":"Slowly progressive limb-kinetic apraxia with a decrease in unilateral cerebral blood flow","volume":"86","author":"Okuda, B.; Tachibana, H.; Kawabata, K.; Takeda, M.; Sugita, M.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Okuda B, Tachibana H, Kawabata K, Takeda M, Sugita M. Slowly progressive limb-kinetic apraxia with a decrease in unilateral cerebral blood flow. Acta Neurol Scand 1992;86:76-81.","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00839965","article-title":"Slowly progressive apraxia: two case studies","volume":"240","author":"Azouvi, P.; Bergego, C.; Robel, L.; Marlier, N.; Durand, I.; Held, J.P.; Bussel, B.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Azouvi P, Bergego C, Robel L, Marlier N, Durand I, Held JP, Bussel B. Slowly progressive apraxia: two case studies. J Neurol 1993;240:347-50.","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1985.04060100083029","article-title":"Diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease","volume":"42","author":"Khachaturian, Z.S.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Khachaturian ZS. Diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. Arch Neurol 1985;42:1097-105.","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-9452(86)80041-7","article-title":"Slowly progressive visual agnosia or apraxia without dementia","volume":"22","author":"E, De Renzi","year":"1986","unstructured":"De Renzi E. Slowly progressive visual agnosia or apraxia without dementia. Cortex 1986;22:171-80.","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410120210","article-title":"Biopsy-proved Alzheimer disease presenting as a right parietal lobe syndrome","volume":"12","author":"Crystal, H.A.; Horoupian, D.S.; Katzman, R.; Jotkowitz, S.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Crystal HA, Horoupian DS, Katzman R, Jotkowitz S. Biopsy-proved Alzheimer disease presenting as a right parietal lobe syndrome. Ann Neurol 1982;12:186-8.","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.56.9.1020","article-title":"Alien hand sign in association with Alzheimer's histopathology","volume":"56","author":"Ball, J.A.; Lantos, P.L.; Jackson, M.; Marsden, C.D.; Scadding, J.W.; Rossor, M.N.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Ball JA, Lantos PL, Jackson M, Marsden CD, Scadding JW, Rossor MN. Alien hand sign in association with Alzheimer's histopathology. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1993;56: 1020-3.","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref_9","first-page":"675","article-title":"A human cerebral deconnection syndrome: a preliminary report","volume":"1962","author":"Geschwind, N.; Kaplan, E.","unstructured":"Geschwind N, Kaplan E. A human cerebral deconnection syndrome: a preliminary report. Neurology 1962;12: 675-85.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/105.2.301","article-title":"Modality-specific and supramodal mechanisms of apraxia","volume":"105","author":"E, De Renzi; P, Faglioni; P, Sorgato","year":"1982","unstructured":"De Renzi E, Faglioni P, Sorgato P. Modality-specific and supramodal mechanisms of apraxia. Brain 1982;105: 301-12.","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.34.1.40","article-title":"Apraxia and aphasia: the functional-anatomical basis for their dissociation","volume":"34","author":"Kertesz, A.; Ferro, J.M.; Shewan, C.M.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Kertesz A, Ferro JM, Shewan CM. Apraxia and aphasia: the functional-anatomical basis for their dissociation. Neurology 1984;34:40-7.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.56.3.286","article-title":"Ideomotor apraxia without aphasia and aphasia without apraxia: the anatomical support for a double dissociation","volume":"56","author":"Papagno, C.; Sala, S.D.; Basso, A.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Papagno C, Sala SD, Basso A. Ideomotor apraxia without aphasia and aphasia without apraxia: the anatomical support for a double dissociation. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1993;56:286-9.","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"131","article-title":"Studio sperimentale sulla aprassia ideomotoria","volume":"19","author":"Pieczuro, A.; Vignolo, L.A.","year":"1967","unstructured":"Pieczuro A, Vignolo LA. Studio sperimentale sulla aprassia ideomotoria. Sistema Nervoso 1967;19:131-43.","journal-title":"Sistema Nervoso"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3932(68)90037-7","article-title":"Ideational apraxia: a quantitative study","volume":"6","author":"E, De Renzi; A, Pieczuro; LA, Vignolo","year":"1968","unstructured":"De Renzi E, Pieczuro A, Vignolo LA. Ideational apraxia: a quantitative study. Neuropsychologia 1968;6:41-52.","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1981.00510070089018","article-title":"Crossed aphasia in a right-handed patient-postmortem findings","volume":"38","author":"Assal, G.; Perentes, E.; Deruaz, J.-P.","year":"1981","unstructured":"Assal G, Perentes E, Deruaz J-P. Crossed aphasia in a right-handed patient-postmortem findings. Arch Neurol 1981;38:455-8.","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-9452(85)80014-9","article-title":"Crossed aphasia: one or more syndromes?","volume":"21","author":"Basso, A.; Capitani, E.; Laiacona, M.; Zanobio, M.E.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Basso A, Capitani E, Laiacona M, Zanobio ME. Crossed aphasia: one or more syndromes? Cortex 1985;21:25-45.","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1980.00500500036003","article-title":"Imitating gestures-A quantitative approach to ideomotor apraxia","volume":"37","author":"E, De Renzi; F, Motti; P, Nichelli","year":"1980","unstructured":"De Renzi E, Motti F, Nichelli P. Imitating gestures-A quantitative approach to ideomotor apraxia. Arch Neurol 1980;37:6-10.","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1016\/0278-2626(84)90029-0","article-title":"The different types of limb apraxia errors made by patients with left vs right hemisphere damage","volume":"3","author":"Haaland, K.Y.; Flaherty, D.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Haaland KY, Flaherty D. The different types of limb apraxia errors made by patients with left vs right hemisphere damage. Brain Cogn 1984;3:370-84.","journal-title":"Brain Cogn"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1016\/0278-2626(87)90139-4","article-title":"Apraxia in a patient with atypical cerebral dominance","volume":"6","author":"Rapcsak, S.Z.; Gonzalez Rothi, U.; Heilman, K.M.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Rapcsak SZ, Gonzalez Rothi U, Heilman KM. Apraxia in a patient with atypical cerebral dominance. Brain Cogn 1987;6:450-63.","journal-title":"Brain Cogn"},{"issue":"49","key":"ref_20","first-page":"375","article-title":"A propos de quelques problemes poses par l'apraxie dans les demences","volume":"1960","author":"Ajuriaguerra, J.; Muller, M.; Tissot, R.","unstructured":"Ajuriaguerra J, Muller M, Tissot R. A propos de quelques problemes poses par l'apraxie dans les demences. Encephale 1960;49:375-401.","journal-title":"Encephale"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/86.4.703","article-title":"Disturbance of gesture and pantomime in aphasia","volume":"86","author":"Goodglass, H.; Kaplan, E.","year":"1963","unstructured":"Goodglass H, Kaplan E. Disturbance of gesture and pantomime in aphasia. Brain 1963;86:703-20.","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref_22","article-title":"Neuromotor mechanisms in the evolution of human communication","volume-title":"Neurobiology of social communication in primates: an evolutionary perspective","author":"Kimura, D.","year":"1979","unstructured":"Kimura D. Neuromotor mechanisms in the evolution of human communication. In: Steklis H, Raleigh M, eds. Neurobiology of social communication in primates: an evolutionary perspective. New York: Academic Press, 1979: 197-219."},{"key":"ref_23","first-page":"131","article-title":"Apraxia","author":"Heilman, K.M.","year":"1979","unstructured":"Heilman KM. Apraxia. In: Heiiman K, Valenstein E, eds. Clinical neuropsychology. New York: Oxford University Press, 1979:131-50."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.32.4.342","article-title":"Two forms of ideomotor apraxia","volume":"32","author":"Heilman, K.M.; Rothi, L.J.; Valenstein, E.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Heilman KM, Rothi LJ, Valenstein E. Two forms of ideomotor apraxia. Neurology 1982;32:342-6.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1006\/brcg.1993.1054","article-title":"Praxis and the right hemisphere","volume":"23","author":"Rapcsak, S.Z.; Ochipa, C.; Beeson, P.M.; Rubens, A.B.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Rapcsak SZ, Ochipa C, Beeson PM, Rubens AB. Praxis and the right hemisphere. Brain Cogn 1993;23:181-202.","journal-title":"Brain Cogn"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/jnnp.59.3.312","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,26]],"date-time":"2020-09-26T02:50:52Z","timestamp":1601088652000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jnnp.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/jnnp.59.3.312"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1995,9,1]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,9,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jnnp.59.3.312","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3050"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3050","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1995,9,1]]}}}