{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,11]],"date-time":"2025-06-11T09:29:37Z","timestamp":1749634177937},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery &amp; Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996,1,1]]},"DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.60.1.2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,10]],"date-time":"2008-11-10T22:20:59Z","timestamp":1226355659000},"page":"2-5","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Management of primary malignant brain tumours."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"I R","family":"Whittle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","reference":[{"key":"ref_1","article-title":"A classificationi of the tuniors of thze gijonia gr-oup on all stogenic basis with a correlated study ofprognosis","author":"Bailey, P.; Cushing, H.","year":"1926","unstructured":"Bailey P, Cushing H. A classificationi of the tuniors of thze gijonia gr-oup on all stogenic basis with a correlated study ofprognosis. Philadelphia: Lippincott, 1926."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"111","article-title":"The basis for current treatment recommendations for malignant gliomas","volume":"20","author":"Fine, H.A.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Fine HA. The basis for current treatment recommendations for malignant gliomas. _7 Neurootncol 1994;20:111-20."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"155","article-title":"High dose chemotherapy, for the treatment of malignant brain tumours","author":"SH, Petersdorf; RB, Livingston","unstructured":"Petersdorf SH and Livingston RB. High dose chemotherapy,for the treatment of malignant brain tumours. _7 Neuroonicol 1994,20: 155-63."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00167068","article-title":"MRC Brain Tumour Working Party. Prognostic factors for high grade gliomas: development of a prognostic index","volume":"9","year":"1990","unstructured":"MRC Brain Tumour Working Party. Prognostic factors for high grade gliomas: development of a prognostic index. ]Neurooncol 1990;9:47-55.","journal-title":"]Neurooncol"},{"key":"ref_5","article-title":"Randomized trial of three chemotherapy regimens and two radiotherapy regimens in postoperative treatment of malignant glioma","author":"Shapiro, W.R.; Green, S.B.; Burger, P.C.","unstructured":"Shapiro WR, Green SB, Burger PC, et al. Randomized trial of three chemotherapy regimens and two radiotherapy regimens in postoperative treatment of malignant glioma. 7 Neurosurg 1989;71:1 -9."},{"issue":"7","key":"ref_6","first-page":"666","article-title":"Surgical treatment of temporal lobe epilepsy: clinical radiological, and histopthological finding","volume":"178","author":"Zentner, J.; Hufnagel, A.; Wolf, H.K.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Zentner J, Hufnagel A, Wolf HK et al. Surgical treatment of temporal lobe epilepsy: clinical radiological, and histopthological finding in 178 patients..7 Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1995;58:666-73.","journal-title":"in"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1371","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.38.9.1371","article-title":"Absence of contrast enhancement on CT brain scans of patients with supratentorial malignant gliomas","volume":"38","author":"Chamberlain, M.C.; Murovic, J.A.; Levin, V.A.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Chamberlain MC, Murovic JA, Levin VA. Absence of contrast enhancement on CT brain scans of patients with supratentorial malignant gliomas. Neurology 1988;38:1371-4.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1238","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1989.00520470106035","article-title":"Low grade glioma: to treat or not to treat?","volume":"46","author":"Caimcross, J.G.; Lapierrre, N.J.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Caimcross JG, Lapierrre NJ. Low grade glioma: to treat or not to treat? Arch Neurol 1989;46:1238-9.","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"174","article-title":"Origins and management of peritumoural brain dysfunction","volume":"2","author":"Whittle, I.R.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Whittle IR. Origins and management of peritumoural brain dysfunction. Neurosurgery Quarterley 1992;2: 174-98.","journal-title":"Neurosurgery Quarterley"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.52.7.821","article-title":"Computed tomography in the diagnosis of malignant brain tumours. Do all require biopsy? Y7 Neurol","volume":"52","author":"S, Chocksey M.; A, Valentine; H, Shawdon","year":"1989","unstructured":"Chocksey M S, Valentine A, Shawdon H. Computed tomography in the diagnosis of malignant brain tumours. Do all require biopsy? Y7 Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1989;52:821-25.","journal-title":"Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-3019(91)90227-Z","article-title":"Management of patients aged over 60 years with supratentorial glioma:lessons from an audit","volume":"36","author":"Whittle, I.R.; Denholm, S.W.; Gregor, A.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Whittle IR, Denholm SW, Gregor A. Management of patients aged over 60 years with supratentorial glioma:lessons from an audit. Surg Neurol 1991;36:106-1 1.","journal-title":"Surg Neurol"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1235","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.41.8.1235","article-title":"Steroid-induced weakness in patients with primary brain tumors","volume":"41","author":"Dropcho, E.J.; Soong, S.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Dropcho EJ, Soong S. Steroid-induced weakness in patients with primary brain tumors. Neurology 1991;41:1235-39.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"497","volume":"21","author":"Neurosiurg","year":"1964","unstructured":"Neurosiurg 1964;21:497-506."},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"321","article-title":"Experience in 300 cases of CT-directed stereotactic surgery for lesion biopsy and aspiration of hematoma","volume":"3","author":"Thomas, D.G.T.; Nouby, R.M.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Thomas DGT, Nouby RM. Experience in 300 cases of CT-directed stereotactic surgery for lesion biopsy and aspiration of hematoma. Br 7 Neurosurg 1989;3:321-6."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1106","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19850901)56:5<1106::AID-CNCR2820560525>3.0.CO;2-2","article-title":"Glioblastoma multiforme and anaplastic astrocytoma","volume":"56","author":"Burger, P.C.; Vogel, F.S.; Green, S.B.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Burger PC, Vogel FS, Green SB, et al. Glioblastoma multiforme and anaplastic astrocytoma. Canicer 1985;56:1106-11.","journal-title":"Canicer"},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"2013","article-title":"Chemotherapy for anaplastic oligodendroglioma","volume":"12","author":"Caimcross, G.; Macdonald, D.; Ludwin, S.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Caimcross G, Macdonald D, Ludwin S, et al. Chemotherapy for anaplastic oligodendroglioma. J Clin Onicol 1994;12:2013-21.","journal-title":"J Clin Onicol"},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"177","article-title":"Influence of extent of surgery and tumour location on treatment outcome of patients with glioblastoma multiforme treated with combined modality approach","volume":"21","author":"Jeremic, B.; Grujicic, D.; Antunovic, V.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Jeremic B, Grujicic D, Antunovic V, et al. Influence of extent of surgery and tumour location on treatment outcome of patients with glioblastoma multiforme treated with combined modality approach. 7 Neuroonicol 1994;21:177-85."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-198708000-00012","article-title":"Effect of the extent of surgical resection on survival and quality of life in patients with supratentorial glioblastoma and anaplastic astrocytoma","volume":"21","author":"Ammirati, M.; Vick, N.; Liao, Y.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Ammirati M, Vick N, Liao Y, et al. Effect of the extent of surgical resection on survival and quality of life in patients with supratentorial glioblastoma and anaplastic astrocytoma. Neurosurgery 1987;21:201-6.","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"\"529","article-title":"Advances in image directed neurosurgery: preliminary experience with the ISG viewing wand compared with the Lekesell G frame","volume":"8","author":"Sandeman, D.R.; Patel, N.; Chandler, C.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Sandeman DR, Patel N, Chandler C, et al. Advances in image directed neurosurgery: preliminary experience with the ISG viewing wand compared with the Lekesell G frame. Br7NTeurosurg 1994;8:529-94 26 Black P McL, Ronner SF. Cortical mapping for defining the limits of tumour resection. Neurosurgery 1987;20:914-9.","journal-title":"26 Black P McL, Ronner SF. Cortical mapping for defining the limits of tumour resection; Neurosurgery"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-198803000-00003","article-title":"Surivival after stereotactic biopsy of malignant gliomas","volume":"22","author":"Coffey, R.J.; Lunsford, L.D.; Taylor, F.H.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Coffey RJ, Lunsford LD, Taylor FH. Surivival after stereotactic biopsy of malignant gliomas. Neurosurgery 1988;22:465-73.","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"27","volume":"55","author":"Neurosurg","year":"1981","unstructured":"Neurosurg 1981;55:27-3 1."},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"769","article-title":"MRC Brain Tumour Working Party. A Medical Research Council trial of two radiotherapy doses in the treatment of grade 3 and 4 astrocytoma. Br7 Cancer","volume":"64","year":"1991","unstructured":"MRC Brain Tumour Working Party. A Medical Research Council trial of two radiotherapy doses in the treatment of grade 3 and 4 astrocytoma. Br7 Cancer 1991;64:769-74."},{"key":"ref_23","first-page":"1077","article-title":"Stenning SP. A randomized study of CCNU with and without benznidazole in the treatment of recurrent grades 3 and 4 astrocytoma. Int7 Radiat Onicol Biol","volume":"16","author":"Bleehen, N.M.; Freedman, L.S.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Bleehen NM, Freedman LS, Stenning SP. A randomized study of CCNU with and without benznidazole in the treatment of recurrent grades 3 and 4 astrocytoma. Int7 Radiat Onicol Biol Phys 1989;16:1077-8.","journal-title":"Phys"},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"79","article-title":"Interstitial radiation therapy of brain tumours","author":"Sneed, P.K.; Gutin, P.H.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Sneed PK, Gutin PH. Interstitial radiation therapy of brain tumours. In: Morantz RA, Walsh JW, eds. Brain tunmours, New York: Marcel Dekker Inc, 1994:79-92."},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"89","article-title":"An overview of published results from randomized studies of nitrosoureas in primary high grade malignant glioma","volume":"56","author":"Stenning, S.P.; Freedman, L.S.; Bleehen, N.M.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Stenning SP, Freedman LS, Bleehen NM. An overview of published results from randomized studies of nitrosoureas in primary high grade malignant glioma. BrJ7 Canicer 1987;56:89-90."},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"70","article-title":"Chemotherapy of brain tumors: physiological and pharmacokinetic considerations","volume":"13","year":"1986","unstructured":"Blasberg RG, Groothuis DR. Chemotherapy of brain tumors: physiological and pharmacokinetic considerations. Senmin Onicol 1986;13:70-82.","journal-title":"Senmin Onicol"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00693780","article-title":"Immunohistochemical demonstration of serum proteins in human cerebral gliomas","volume":"73","author":"Seitz, R.J.; Wechsler, W.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Seitz RJ, Wechsler W. Immunohistochemical demonstration of serum proteins in human cerebral gliomas. Acta Neuropath (Berl) 1987;73: 145-52.","journal-title":"Acta Neuropath (Berl)"},{"key":"ref_28","first-page":"47","article-title":"DNA cross-linking responses of human malignant glioma cell strains to chloroethylnitrosoureas, cisplatin and diazequone","volume":"1987","author":"Sariban, E.; Kohn, K.W.; Zlotogorski, C.","unstructured":"Sariban E, Kohn KW, Zlotogorski C et al. DNA cross-linking responses of human malignant glioma cell strains to chloroethylnitrosoureas, cisplatin and diazequone. Cancer Res 1987:47:3988-94.","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"ref_29","first-page":"141","article-title":"ew agents in the treatment of primary brain tumours..7 Neuroonicol","volume":"20","author":"Taylor, S.A.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Taylor SA. ew agents in the treatment of primary brain tumours..7 Neuroonicol 1994;20:141-53."},{"issue":"16","key":"ref_30","first-page":"51","article-title":"The intra-arterial route of drug delivery in the chemotherapy of malignant brain tumour","volume":"1988","author":"Loew, F.; Papavero, L.","unstructured":"Loew F, Papavero L. The intra-arterial route of drug delivery in the chemotherapy of malignant brain tumour. Adva Tech Stanid Neurosurg 1988:16:51-82","journal-title":"Adva Tech Stanid Neurosurg"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(95)90755-6","article-title":"Placebo-controlled trial of safety and efficacy of intraoperative controlled delivery by biodegrable polymers of chemotherapy for recurrent gliomas","volume":"345","author":"Brem, H.; Piantadosi, S.; Burger, P.C.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Brem H, Piantadosi S, Burger PC, et al. Placebo-controlled trial of safety and efficacy of intraoperative controlled delivery by biodegrable polymers of chemotherapy for recurrent gliomas. Lancet 1995;345: 1008-12.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_32","first-page":"530","article-title":"Stereotactic radiosurgery for glioblastoma: a final report of 31 patients","volume-title":"_JNeurosurg","volume":"82","author":"Masciopinto, J.; Levin, A.B.; Melita, M.P.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Masciopinto J, Levin AB, Melita MP, et al. Stereotactic radiosurgery for glioblastoma: a final report of 31 patients. _JNeurosurg 1995;82:530-35."},{"key":"ref_33","first-page":"223","article-title":"Photodynamic therapy of brain tumours","volume":"1","author":"Kaye, A.; S, Hill J.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Kaye A, Hill J S. Photodynamic therapy of brain tumours. Neurosurgery Quarterly 1992;1:223-45.","journal-title":"Neurosurgery Quarterly"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1089\/hum.1993.4.1-39","article-title":"Clinical protocols: gene therapy for the treatment of brain rumours using intratumoural transduction with the thymidine kinase gene and intravenous ganciclovir","volume":"4","author":"Oldfield, E.H.; Ram, Z.; Culver, K.W.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Oldfield EH, Ram Z, Culver KW, et al. Clinical protocols: gene therapy for the treatment of brain rumours using intratumoural transduction with the thymidine kinase gene and intravenous ganciclovir. Hum Genie Ther 1993;4:39-69.","journal-title":"Hum Genie Ther"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1550","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1317968","article-title":"In vivo gene transfer with retroviral vector-producing cells for the treatment of experimental brain tumours","volume":"256","author":"Culver, K.W.; Ram, Z.; Walbridge, S.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Culver KW, Ram Z, Walbridge S, et al. In vivo gene transfer with retroviral vector-producing cells for the treatment of experimental brain tumours. Science 1992;256:1550-2.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_36","first-page":"16","article-title":"Retroviruses and DNA: gene therapy for brain tumours..7 Clin","volume":"2","author":"Brown, J.Y.; Saleh, M.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Brown JY, Saleh M. Retroviruses and DNA: gene therapy for brain tumours..7 Clin Neurosci 1995;2:16-23.","journal-title":"Neurosci"},{"key":"ref_37","first-page":"49","article-title":"Immunotherapy of malignant glioma","volume":"21","author":"Jaeckie, K.A.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Jaeckie KA, Immunotherapy of malignant glioma. Sernin Oncol 1994 21:49-59.","journal-title":"Sernin Oncol"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(90)90205-J","article-title":"Preliminary trial of specific targetting therapy against malignant glioma","volume":"335","author":"Nitta, T.; Sato, K.; Yagita, H.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Nitta T, Sato K, Yagita H, et al. Preliminary trial of specific targetting therapy against malignant glioma. Lanzcet 1990;335:368-76.","journal-title":"Lanzcet"},{"key":"ref_39","article-title":"Public perceptions of brain tumours in Scotland: the need for access to information","author":"Whittle, I.R.; Broadbent, M.; Boyd, A.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Whittle IR, Broadbent M, Boyd A, et al. Public perceptions of brain tumours in Scotland: the need for access to information. Scottish Medical Journal 1995 (in press).","journal-title":"Scottish Medical Journal"},{"key":"ref_40","first-page":"273","article-title":"Quality of life issues in patients with malignant gliomas","volume":"21","author":"D, Aiken Robert","year":"1994","unstructured":"Aiken Robert D. Quality of life issues in patients with malignant gliomas. Semin Oncol 1994;21:273-5.","journal-title":"Semin Oncol"},{"key":"ref_41","first-page":"243","article-title":"Quality of life self reports","volume-title":"brain tumour patients: comparisons with Karmofsky performance","volume":"14","year":"1992","unstructured":"Mackworth N, Fobair P, Prados MD. Quality of life self reports from 200 brain tumour patients: comparisons with Karmofsky performance. _7 Neurooncol 1992;14:243-53."}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery &amp; Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/jnnp.60.1.2","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,26]],"date-time":"2020-09-26T02:51:57Z","timestamp":1601088717000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jnnp.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/jnnp.60.1.2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1996,1,1]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996,1,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jnnp.60.1.2","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3050"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3050","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1996,1,1]]}}}