{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T17:42:21Z","timestamp":1782927741334,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery &amp; Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996,5,1]]},"DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.60.5.504","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,10]],"date-time":"2008-11-10T22:20:59Z","timestamp":1226355659000},"page":"504-509","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":70,"title":["Chronic fatigue and minor psychiatric morbidity after viral meningitis: a controlled study."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"M","family":"Hotopf","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N","family":"Noah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Wessely","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"379","article-title":"Virus meningitis and encephalitis in 1979","volume":"2","author":"Noah, N.; Urquhart, A.","year":"1980","unstructured":"Noah N, Urquhart A. Virus meningitis and encephalitis in 1979. 7 Infect 1980;2:379-83."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(88)92722-5","article-title":"Chronic enterovirus infection in patients with postviral fatigue syndrome","volume":"i:","author":"Yousef, G.; Bell, E.; Mann, G.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Yousef G, Bell E, Mann G, et al. Chronic enterovirus infection in patients with postviral fatigue syndrome. Lancet 1988;i: 146-50.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"15","article-title":"Coxsackie B infection in a Scottish general practice. Jf R Coil Gen Pract","volume":"34","author":"Calder, B.D.; Wamock, P.J.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Calder BD, Wamock PJ. Coxsackie B infection in a Scottish general practice. Jf R Coil Gen Pract 1984;34: 15-9."},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"11","article-title":"Coxsackie B viruses and the post viral fatigue syndrome: a prospective study in general practice. JI R Coll Gen Pract","volume":"37","author":"Calder, B.D.; Wamock, P.J.; McCartney, R.A.; Bell, E.J.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Calder BD, Wamock PJ, McCartney RA, Bell EJ. Coxsackie B viruses and the post viral fatigue syndrome: a prospective study in general practice. JI R Coll Gen Pract 1987;37:11-4."},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"339","article-title":"Sporadic myalgic encephalomyelitis in a rural practice. _J R Coil Gen Pract","volume":"33","author":"Keighley, B.D.; Bell, E.J.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Keighley BD, Bell EJ. Sporadic myalgic encephalomyelitis in a rural practice. _J R Coil Gen Pract 1983;33:339-41."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1177\/014107688808100609","article-title":"Coxsackie B virus and myalgic encephalomyelitis","volume":"81","author":"Bell, E.J.; McCartney, R.A.; Riding, M.H.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Bell EJ, McCartney RA, Riding MH. Coxsackie B virus and myalgic encephalomyelitis. J R Soc Med 1988;81: 329-32.","journal-title":"J R Soc Med"},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"692","article-title":"Enteroviral RNA sequences detected by polymerase chain reaction in muscles of patients with post viral fatigue syndrome","volume":"302","author":"Gow, J.W.; Behan, W.M.; Clements, G.B.; Woodall, C.; Riding, M.; Behan, P.O.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Gow JW, Behan WM, Clements GB, Woodall C, Riding M, Behan PO. Enteroviral RNA sequences detected by polymerase chain reaction in muscles of patients with post viral fatigue syndrome. BMg 1991;302:692-6."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3999(94)90047-7","article-title":"Viruses, neurosis and fatigue","volume":"38","author":"Hotopf, M.H.; Wessely, S.C.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Hotopf MH, Wessely SC. Viruses, neurosis and fatigue. Jf Psychosom Res 1994;38:499-514.","journal-title":"Jf Psychosom Res"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.302.6769.140","article-title":"Antibody to Coxsackie B virus in diagnosing postviral fatigue syndrome","volume":"302","author":"Miller, N.A.; Carmichael, H.A.; Calder, B.D.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Miller NA, Carmichael HA, Calder BD, et al. Antibody to Coxsackie B virus in diagnosing postviral fatigue syndrome. BMJ 1991;302:140-3.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1160","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(89)91530-4","article-title":"Postviral fatigue syndrome and VP-1 antigen","volume":"2","author":"Lynch, S.; Seth, R.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Lynch S, Seth R. Postviral fatigue syndrome and VP-1 antigen. Lancet 1989;2:1160-1.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1028","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(89)92679-2","article-title":"VP-1 antigen in chronic fatigue syndrome","volume":"1","author":"Halpin, D.; Wessely, S.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Halpin D, Wessely S. VP-1 antigen in chronic fatigue syndrome. Lancet 1989;1:1028-9.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"126","article-title":"Studies on enteroviruses in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome","volume":"1","author":"Gow, J.W.; Behan, W.M.; Simpson, K.; McGarry, F.; Keir, S.; Behan, P.O.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Gow JW, Behan WM, Simpson K, McGarry F, Keir S, Behan PO. Studies on enteroviruses in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. Clin Infect Dis 1994;(suppl 1): S126-9.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/19.5.860","article-title":"Enteroviruses and the chronic fatigue syndrome","volume":"19","author":"Swanink, C.; Melchers, W.; van der Meer, J.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Swanink C, Melchers W, van der Meer J, et al. Enteroviruses and the chronic fatigue syndrome. Clin Infect Dis 1994;19:860-4.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"156","article-title":"Detection of enterovirus specific RNA in serum: the relationship to chronic fatigue","volume":"45","author":"Clements, G.B.; McGarry, F.; Nairn, C.; Galbraith, D.N.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Clements GB, McGarry F, Nairn C, Galbraith DN. Detection of enterovirus specific RNA in serum: the relationship to chronic fatigue. JMed Virol 1995;45:156-61.","journal-title":"JMed Virol"},{"key":"ref_15","article-title":"Enterovirus infection","volume-title":"Handbook of clinical neurology","author":"Jubelt, B.; Lipton, H.L.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Jubelt B, Lipton HL. Enterovirus infection. In: McKendall RR, ed. Handbook of clinical neurology. Amsterdam: Elsevier 1989."},{"issue":"266","key":"ref_16","first-page":"1188","article-title":"A clinical epidemiologic and laboratory investigation of aseptic meningitis during the four year period 1955-1958: II the clinical disease and its sequelae","volume":"1962","author":"Lepow, M.L.; Coyne, N.; Thompson, L.B.","unstructured":"Lepow ML, Coyne N, Thompson LB. A clinical epidemiologic and laboratory investigation of aseptic meningitis during the four year period 1955-1958: II the clinical disease and its sequelae. N Engl _J Med 1962;266: 1188-93.","journal-title":"N Engl _J Med"},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"126","article-title":"Sequelae of primary aseptic meningoencephalitis: a clinical, sociomedical, electroencephalographic and psychological study","volume":"1958","author":"Muller, R.; Nylander, I.; Larsson, L.; Widen, L.; Frankenhauser, M.","unstructured":"Muller R, Nylander I, Larsson L, Widen L, Frankenhauser M. Sequelae of primary aseptic meningoencephalitis: a clinical, sociomedical, electroencephalographic and psychological study. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1958;(suppl 126): 1-115.","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291700037405","article-title":"The validity and reliability of the fatigue syndrome that follows glandular fever","volume":"25","author":"White, P.D.; Grover, S.A.; Kango, H.O.; Thomas, J.M.; Ames, S.J.; Clare, A.W.","year":"1995","unstructured":"White PD, Grover SA, Kango HO, Thomas JM, Ames SJ, Clare AW. The validity and reliability of the fatigue syndrome that follows glandular fever. Psychol Med 1995; 25:917-24.","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"ref_19","article-title":"The detection of psychiatric illness by questionnaire","author":"Goldberg, D.","year":"1972","unstructured":"Goldberg D. The detection of psychiatric illness by questionnaire. London: Oxford University Press, 1972."},{"issue":"4","key":"ref_20","first-page":"561","article-title":"An inventory for measuring depression","volume":"1961","author":"Beck, A.T.; Ward, C.H.; Mendelson, M.","unstructured":"Beck AT, Ward CH, Mendelson M. An inventory for measuring depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1961;4:561-71.","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"147","article-title":"Development of a fatigue scale.3Psychosom Res","volume":"37","author":"Chalder, T.; Berelowitz, C.; Pawlikowska, T.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Chalder T, Berelowitz C, Pawlikowska T. Development of a fatigue scale.3Psychosom Res 1993;37:147-54."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-198807000-00007","article-title":"The MOS short-form general health survey","volume":"26","author":"Stewart, A.D.; Hays, R.D.; Ware, J.E.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Stewart AD, Hays RD, Ware JE. The MOS short-form general health survey. Med Care 1988;26:724-32.","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/136.7.873","article-title":"Psychoactive drugs and the risk of injurious motor vehicle crashes in elderly drivers","volume":"136","year":"1992","unstructured":"Ray WA, Fought RL, Decker MD. Psychoactive drugs and the risk of injurious motor vehicle crashes in elderly drivers. AmJ7 Epidemiol 1992;136:873-83.","journal-title":"AmJ7 Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-121-12-199412150-00009","article-title":"The chronic fatigue syndrome: a comprehensive approach to its definition and study","volume":"121","author":"Fukuda, K.; Straus, S.; Hickie, I.; Sharpe, M.; Dobbins, J.; Komaroff, A.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Fukuda K, Straus S, Hickie I, Sharpe M, Dobbins J, Komaroff A. The chronic fatigue syndrome: a comprehensive approach to its definition and study. Ann Intern Med 1994;121:953-9.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1333","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(95)92537-6","article-title":"Post-infectious fatigue: prospective cohort study in primary care","volume":"345","author":"Wessely, S.; Chalder, T.; Hirsch, S.; Palikowska, T.; Wallace, P.; Wright, D.J.M.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Wessely S, Chalder T, Hirsch S, Palikowska T, Wallace P, Wright DJM. Post-infectious fatigue: prospective cohort study in primary care. Lancet 1995;345:1333-8.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_26","article-title":"Post-hepatitis syndrome revisited","author":"Berelowitz, G.J.; Burgess, A.P.; Thanabalasingham, T.; MurrayLyon, I.M.; Wright, D.J.M.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Berelowitz GJ, Burgess AP, Thanabalasingham T, MurrayLyon IM, Wright DJM. Post-hepatitis syndrome revisited. Hepatitis 1996 (in press).","journal-title":"Hepatitis"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1966.03870080003001","article-title":"Asian influenza: infection, disease and psychological factors","volume":"117","author":"Cluff, L.E.; Canter, A.; Imboden, J.B.","year":"1966","unstructured":"Cluff LE, Canter A, Imboden JB. Asian influenza: infection, disease and psychological factors. Arch Intern Med 1966;117: 159-63.","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"35","key":"ref_28","first-page":"345","article-title":"Infectious mononucleosis: 2. relation of bed rest and activity to prognosis","volume":"1961","author":"Dalrymple, W.","unstructured":"Dalrymple W. Infectious mononucleosis: 2. relation of bed rest and activity to prognosis. Postgrad Med 1961;35: 345-9.","journal-title":"Postgrad Med"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1945.02860220001001","article-title":"Disability following postvaccinial (yellow fever) hepatitis","volume":"128","author":"Benjamin, J.E.; Hoyt, R.C.","year":"1945","unstructured":"Benjamin JE, Hoyt RC. Disability following postvaccinial (yellow fever) hepatitis. JAMA 1945;128:319-23.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.308.6931.756","article-title":"Longitudinal study of outcome of chronic fatigue syndrome","volume":"308","author":"Wilson, A.; Hickie, I.; Uloyd, A.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Wilson A, Hickie I, Uloyd A, et al. Longitudinal study of outcome of chronic fatigue syndrome. BMJ 1994;308: 756-9.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.305.6846.147","article-title":"Follow up of patients presenting with fatigue to an infectious diseases clinic","volume":"305","author":"Sharpe, M.; Hawton, K.; Seagroatt, V.; Pasvol, G.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Sharpe M, Hawton K, Seagroatt V, Pasvol G. Follow up of patients presenting with fatigue to an infectious diseases clinic. BMJ 1992;305:147-52.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(99)80403-3","article-title":"Chronic fatigue: risk factors for symptom persistence in a 2\/2 year follow up study","volume":"98","author":"Clark, R.R.; Katon, W.; Russo, J.; Kith, P.; Sintay, M.; Buchwald, D.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Clark RR, Katon W, Russo J, Kith P, Sintay M, Buchwald D. Chronic fatigue: risk factors for symptom persistence in a 2\/2 year follow up study. Am Y Med 1995;98: 187-95.","journal-title":"Am Y Med"},{"key":"ref_33","first-page":"756","article-title":"Longitudinal study of outcome of chronic fatigue syndrome","volume":"308","author":"Wilson, A.; Hickie, I.; Lloyd, A.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Wilson A, Hickie I, Lloyd A, et al. Longitudinal study of outcome of chronic fatigue syndrome. BMg 1994;308: 756-9.","journal-title":"BMg"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(94)90877-X","article-title":"Post-infarction depression and incomplete recovery 6 months after acute myocardial infarction","volume":"343","author":"Ladwig, K.H.; Roll, G.; Breithardt, G.; Budde, T.; Borggrefe, M.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Ladwig KH, Roll G, Breithardt G, Budde T, Borggrefe M. Post-infarction depression and incomplete recovery 6 months after acute myocardial infarction. Lancet 1994;343:20-3.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199503150-00014","article-title":"Psychosocial predictors of outcome in acute and sub-chronic low back trouble","volume":"20","author":"Burton, K.; Tillotson, M.; Main, C.; Hollis, S.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Burton K, Tillotson M, Main C, Hollis S. Psychosocial predictors of outcome in acute and sub-chronic low back trouble. Spine 1995;20:722-8.","journal-title":"Spine"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery &amp; Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/jnnp.60.5.504","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,26]],"date-time":"2020-09-26T02:52:57Z","timestamp":1601088777000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jnnp.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/jnnp.60.5.504"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1996,5,1]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996,5,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jnnp.60.5.504","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3050"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3050","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1996,5,1]]}}}