{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]],"date-time":"2026-02-07T03:20:52Z","timestamp":1770434452204,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery &amp; Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996,9,1]]},"DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.61.3.304","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,10]],"date-time":"2008-11-10T22:20:59Z","timestamp":1226355659000},"page":"304-310","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":90,"title":["Right temporofrontal cortex as critical locus for the ecphory of old episodic memories."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"P","family":"Calabrese","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H J","family":"Markowitsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H F","family":"Durwen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H","family":"Widlitzek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Haupts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B","family":"Holinka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"W","family":"Gehlen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"73","article-title":"Focal retrograde amnesia following bilateral temporal lobe pathology","volume":"15","author":"Kapur, N.; Ellison, D.; Smith, M.P.; Mcellan, D.L.; Burrows, E.H.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Kapur N, Ellison D, Smith MP, Mcellan DL, Burrows EH. Focal retrograde amnesia following bilateral temporal lobe pathology. Brain 1992;l 15:73-85.","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"988","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.56.9.988","article-title":"Retrograde amnesia after traumatic injury of the temporo-frontal cortex","volume":"56","author":"Markowitsch, H.J.; Calabrese, P.; Liess, J.; Haupts, M.; Durwen, H.F.; Gehlen, W.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Markowitsch HJ, Calabrese P, Liess J, Haupts M, Durwen HF, Gehlen W. Retrograde amnesia after traumatic injury of the temporo-frontal cortex. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1993;56:988-92.","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3932(93)90131-I","article-title":"Autobiographical recollection and frontal damage","volume":"31","author":"S, Della Sala; M, Laiacona; H, Spinnler; C, Trivelli","year":"1993","unstructured":"Della Sala S, Laiacona M, Spinnler H, Trivelli C. Autobiographical recollection and frontal damage. Neuropsychologia 1993;31:823-39.","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/116.4.921","article-title":"Autobiographical amnesia resulting from bilateral paramedian thalamic infarction","volume":"116","author":"Hodges, JR, McCarthy; R.A.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Hodges JR, McCarthy RA. Autobiographical amnesia resulting from bilateral paramedian thalamic infarction. Brain 1993;116:921-40.","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/0959-4388(95)80024-7","article-title":"Loss of remote memory: a cognitive neuropsychological perspective","volume":"5","author":"Hodges, JR, McCarthy; R.A.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Hodges JR, McCarthy RA. Loss of remote memory: a cognitive neuropsychological perspective. Curr Opin Neurobiol 1995;5:178-83.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurobiol"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-9452(13)80177-3","article-title":"Focal retrograde amnesia in neurological disease: a critical review","volume":"29","author":"Kapur, N.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Kapur N. Focal retrograde amnesia in neurological disease: a critical review. Cortex 1993;29:217-34.","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"215","article-title":"The neuropsychology of remote memory","volume-title":"Handbook of neuropsychology. Vol 8","author":"Kopelman, MD","year":"1993","unstructured":"Kopelman MD. The neuropsychology of remote memory. In: Boiler F, Grafman J, eds. Handbook of neuropsychology. Vol 8. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1993:215-38."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1038\/368633a0","article-title":"Brain regions associated with acquisition and retrieval of verbal episodic memory","volume":"368","author":"Shallice, T.; Fletcher, P.; Frith, C.D.; Grasby, P.; Frackowiak, R.S.J.; Dolan, R.J.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Shallice T, Fletcher P, Frith CD, Grasby P, Frackowiak RSJ, Dolan RJ. Brain regions associated with acquisition and retrieval of verbal episodic memory. Nature 1994; 368:633-5.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"2012","article-title":"Neuroanatomical correlates of retrieval in episodic memory","volume-title":"auditory sentence recognition. Proc NadtAcad Sci USA","volume":"91","author":"Tulving, E.; Kapur, S.; Markowitsch, H.J.; Craik, G.; Habib, R.; Houle, S.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Tulving E, Kapur S, Markowitsch HJ, Craik G, Habib R, Houle S. Neuroanatomical correlates of retrieval in episodic memory: auditory sentence recognition. Proc NadtAcad Sci USA 1994;91:2012-5."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2016","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.91.6.2016","article-title":"Hemispheric encoding\/retrieval asymmetry in episodic memory: positron emission tomography findings","volume":"91","author":"Tulving, E.; Kapur, S.; Craik, F.I.M.; Moscovitch, M.; Houle, S.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Tulving E, Kapur S, Craik FIM, Moscovitch M, Houle S. Hemispheric encoding\/retrieval asymmetry in episodic memory: positron emission tomography findings. Proc Nad Acad Sci USA 1994;91:2016-20.","journal-title":"Proc Nad Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"665","article-title":"Anatomical basis of memory disorders","volume-title":"The cognitive neurosciences","author":"Markowitsch, H.J.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Markowitsch HJ. Anatomical basis of memory disorders. In: Gazzaniga MS, ed. The cognitive neurosciences. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1995:665-79."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1080\/01688639308402610","article-title":"Searching for the anatomical basis of retrograde amnesia","volume":"15","author":"Markowitsch, H.J.; Calabrese, P.; Haupts, M.; Durwen, H.F.; Liess, J.; Gehlen, W.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Markowitsch HJ, Calabrese P, Haupts M, Durwen HF, Liess J, Gehlen W. Searching for the anatomical basis of retrograde amnesia. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 1993;15: 947-67.","journal-title":"J Clin Exp Neuropsychol"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0173(95)00007-0","article-title":"Which brain regions are critically involved in the retrieval of old episodic memory?","volume":"21","author":"Markowitsch, H.J.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Markowitsch HJ. Which brain regions are critically involved in the retrieval of old episodic memory? Brain Res Rev 1995;21:117-27.","journal-title":"Brain Res Rev"},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"839","article-title":"Organization of memory: quo vadis?","volume-title":"The cognitive neurosciences","author":"Tulving, E.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Tulving E. Organization of memory: quo vadis? In: Gazzaniga MS, ed. The cognitive neurosciences. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1995:839-47."},{"issue":"1","key":"ref_15","first-page":"159","article-title":"The possible contribution of the septal region to memory","volume":"31","author":"von, Cramon D.Y.; HJ, Markowitsch; U, Schuri","year":"1993","unstructured":"Cramon DY von, Markowitsch HJ, Schuri U. The possible contribution of the septal region to memory. Neuropsychologia 1993;31:1 159-80.","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1080\/01688639308402586","article-title":"Mnestic performance profile of a bilateral diencephalic-damaged case with preserved intelligence and severe amnesic disturbances","volume":"15","author":"Markowitsch, H.J.; von Cramon, D.Y.; Schuri, U.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Markowitsch HJ, von Cramon DY, Schuri U. Mnestic performance profile of a bilateral diencephalic-damaged case with preserved intelligence and severe amnesic disturbances. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 1993;15:627-52.","journal-title":"J Clin Exp Neuropsychol"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1080\/01688638908400928","article-title":"The autobiographical memory interview: a new assessment of autobiographical and personal semantic memory in amnesic patients","volume":"11","author":"Kopelman, M.D.; Wilson, B.A.; Baddeley, A.D.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Kopelman MD, Wilson BA, Baddeley AD. The autobiographical memory interview: a new assessment of autobiographical and personal semantic memory in amnesic patients. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 1990;11:724-44.","journal-title":"J Clin Exp Neuropsychol"},{"key":"ref_18","article-title":"A compendium of neuropsychological tests","author":"Spreen 0, Strauss E","year":"1991","unstructured":"Spreen 0, Strauss E. A compendium of neuropsychological tests. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1991."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1080\/13554799508402367","article-title":"Anterograde and retrograde mnemonic deficits after unilateral damage of neostriatal, ventral striatal, and basal forebrain structures","volume":"1","author":"Weniger, G.; Markowitsch, H.J.; Irle, E.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Weniger G, Markowitsch HJ, Irle E. Anterograde and retrograde mnemonic deficits after unilateral damage of neostriatal, ventral striatal, and basal forebrain structures. Neurocase 1995;1:231-8.","journal-title":"Neurocase"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1334","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.57.11.1334","article-title":"Herpes simplex encephalitis: long term magnetic resonance imaging and neuropsychological profile","volume":"57","author":"Kapur, N.; Barker, S.; Burrows, E.H.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Kapur N, Barker S, Burrows EH, et al. Herpes simplex encephalitis: long term magnetic resonance imaging and neuropsychological profile. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1994;57:1334-2.","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1985.04060030070012","article-title":"Multimodal amnesic syndrome following bilateral temporal and basal forebrain damage","volume":"42","author":"Damasio, A.R.; Eslinger, P.J.; Damasio, H.; Van Hoesen, G.W.; Cornell, S.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Damasio AR, Eslinger PJ, Damasio H, Van Hoesen GW, Cornell S. Multimodal amnesic syndrome following bilateral temporal and basal forebrain damage. Arch Neurol 1985;42:252-9.","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/6.3.530","article-title":"Distinctive forms of partial retrograde amnesia after asymmetric temporal lobe lesions. Possible role of the occipitotemporal gyri in memory","volume":"6","author":"Eslinger, P.J.; Easton, A.; Grattan, L.M.; Van Hoesen, G.W.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Eslinger PJ, Easton A, Grattan LM, Van Hoesen GW. Distinctive forms of partial retrograde amnesia after asymmetric temporal lobe lesions. Possible role of the occipitotemporal gyri in memory. Cerebral Cortex 1996;6:530-9.","journal-title":"Cerebral Cortex"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.57.5.605","article-title":"Semantic memory and frontal executive function during transient global amnesia","volume":"57","author":"Hodges, JR","year":"1994","unstructured":"Hodges JR. Semantic memory and frontal executive function during transient global amnesia. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1994;57:605-8.","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-9452(13)80200-6","article-title":"Acquisition of generic memory in amnesia","volume":"30","author":"Verfaellie, M.; Cermak, L.S.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Verfaellie M, Cermak LS. Acquisition of generic memory in amnesia. Cortex 1994;30:293-303.","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"95","article-title":"Category-related recognition defects as a clue to the neural substrates of knowledge","volume":"13","author":"Damasio, A.R.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Damasio AR. Category-related recognition defects as a clue to the neural substrates of knowledge. TINS 1990;13: 95-8.","journal-title":"TINS"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4275","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.16-13-04275.1996","article-title":"Cerebral representation of one's own past: neural networks involved in autobiographical memory","volume":"16","author":"Fink, G.R.; Markowitsch, H.J.; Reinkemeier, M.; Kessler, J.; Heiss, W.-D.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Fink GR, Markowitsch HJ, Reinkemeier M, Kessler J, Heiss W-D. Cerebral representation of one's own past: neural networks involved in autobiographical memory. J Neurosci 1996;16:4275-82.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3932(93)90053-3","article-title":"Visual object agnosia, prosopagnosia, achromatopsia, loss of visual imagery, and autobiographical amnesia following recovery from cortical blindness: case","volume":"31","author":"Ogden, J.A.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Ogden JA. Visual object agnosia, prosopagnosia, achromatopsia, loss of visual imagery, and autobiographical amnesia following recovery from cortical blindness: case MH Neuropsychologia 1993;31:571-89.","journal-title":"MH Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-9452(86)80047-8","article-title":"A verbal long term memory deficit in frontal lobe damaged patients","volume":"22","author":"Jetter, W.; Poser, U.; RB, Jr., Freeman; Markowitsch, H.J.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Jetter W, Poser U, Freeman RB Jr., Markowitsch HJ. A verbal long term memory deficit in frontal lobe damaged patients. Cortex 1986;22:229-42.","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"key":"ref_29","article-title":"Storungen im Prafrontalbereich","author":"Rohrenbach, C.; Markowitsch, H.J.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Rohrenbach C, Markowitsch HJ. Storungen im Prafrontalbereich. In: Markowitsch HJ, ed. Enzyklopadie der Psychologie, Themenbereich C, Serie I Band 2: Klinische Neuropsychologie (in press). Gottingen: Hogrefe, 1996."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1176\/jnp.5.4.384","article-title":"Brain regions involved in recognizing facial emotion or identity: an oxygen-15 PET study","volume":"5","author":"George, M.S.; Ketter, T.A.; Gill, D.S.","year":"1993","unstructured":"George MS, Ketter TA, Gill DS, et al. Brain regions involved in recognizing facial emotion or identity: an oxygen-15 PET study. Y Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 1993;5:384-94.","journal-title":"Y Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-9452(13)80323-1","article-title":"Spared and impaired cognitive abilities after bilateral frontal damage","volume":"30","author":"Brazzelli, M.; Colombo, N.; Della Sala, S.; Spinnler, H.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Brazzelli M, Colombo, N, Della Sala S, Spinnler H. Spared and impaired cognitive abilities after bilateral frontal damage. Cortex 1994;30:27-51.","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/6.1.71","article-title":"Novelty and familiarity activations in PET studies of memory encoding and retrieval","volume":"6","author":"Tulving, E.; Markowitsch, H.J.; Craik, F.I.M.; Habib, R.; Houle, S.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Tulving E, Markowitsch HJ, Craik FIM, Habib R, Houle S. Novelty and familiarity activations in PET studies of memory encoding and retrieval. Cerebral Cortex 1996;6:71-9.","journal-title":"Cerebral Cortex"},{"key":"ref_33","first-page":"211","article-title":"The autobiographical memory interview (AMI) in organic and psychogenic amnesia. Memory","volume":"2","author":"Kopelman, MD","year":"1994","unstructured":"Kopelman MD. The autobiographical memory interview (AMI) in organic and psychogenic amnesia. Memory 1994;2:211-35."},{"key":"ref_34","article-title":"The mystery of the mind","author":"Penfield, W.","year":"1975","unstructured":"Penfield W. The mystery of the mind. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1975."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902420310","article-title":"Cortical and subcortical afferent connections of the primate's temporal pole. A study using rhesus monkeys, squirrel monkeys, and marmosets","volume":"242","author":"Markowitsch, H.J.; Emmans, D.; Irle, E.; Streicher, M.; Preilowski, B.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Markowitsch HJ, Emmans D, Irle E, Streicher M, Preilowski B. Cortical and subcortical afferent connections of the primate's temporal pole. A study using rhesus monkeys, squirrel monkeys, and marmosets. J Comp Neurol 1985;242:425-58.","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-9452(85)80013-7","article-title":"The amygdala's role in human mnemonic processing","volume":"21","author":"Sarter, M.; Markowitsch, H.J.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Sarter M, Markowitsch HJ. The amygdala's role in human mnemonic processing. Cortex 1985;21:7-24.","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"key":"ref_37","first-page":"1349","article-title":"The amygdala's contribution to memory-a PET-study on two patients with Urbach-Wiethe disease","volume":"5","author":"Markowitsch, H.J.; Calabrese, P.; Wurker, M.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Markowitsch HJ, Calabrese P, Wurker M, et al. The amygdala's contribution to memory-a PET-study on two patients with Urbach-Wiethe disease. Neuroreport 1994; 5:1349-52.","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/117.4.683","article-title":"Agnosia, alexia and a remarkable form of amnesia in an adolescent boy","volume":"117","author":"Vargha-Khadem, F.; Isaacs, E.; Mishkin, M.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Vargha-Khadem F, Isaacs E, Mishkin M. Agnosia, alexia and a remarkable form of amnesia in an adolescent boy. Brain 1994;117:683-703.","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref_39","first-page":"205","article-title":"Cortical metabolic activation in humans during a visual memory task","volume":"3","author":"Swartz, B.E.; Halgren, E.; Fuster, J.M.; Simpkins, F.; Gee, M.; Mandelkem, M.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Swartz BE, Halgren E, Fuster JM, Simpkins F, Gee M, Mandelkem M. Cortical metabolic activation in humans during a visual memory task. Cereb Cortex 1995;3:205-14.","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1006\/ccog.1995.1003","article-title":"On the neurophysiology of consciousness: I. An overview","volume":"4","author":"Bogen, J.E.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Bogen JE. On the neurophysiology of consciousness: I. An overview. Consciousness and Cognition 1995;4:52-62.","journal-title":"Consciousness and Cognition"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.23.2.130","article-title":"The effect of organic brain disease on recall of emotionally charged versus neutral narrative texts","volume":"23","author":"Wechsler, A.F.","year":"1973","unstructured":"Wechsler AF. The effect of organic brain disease on recall of emotionally charged versus neutral narrative texts. Neurology 1973;23:130-5.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref_42","first-page":"125","article-title":"Individual differences in memory performance and the brain","volume-title":"Information processing by the brain","author":"Markowitsch, H.J.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Markowitsch HJ. Individual differences in memory performance and the brain. In: Markowitsch HJ, ed. Information processing by the brain. Toronto: Huber, 1988:125-48."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(71)90068-7","article-title":"The aetiology of retrograde amnesia","volume":"ii:","author":"Wolpaw, JR","year":"1971","unstructured":"Wolpaw JR. The aetiology of retrograde amnesia. Lancet 1971;ii:356-8.","journal-title":"Lancet"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery &amp; Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/jnnp.61.3.304","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,26]],"date-time":"2020-09-26T02:54:11Z","timestamp":1601088851000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jnnp.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/jnnp.61.3.304"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1996,9,1]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996,9,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jnnp.61.3.304","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3050"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3050","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1996,9,1]]}}}