{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,15]],"date-time":"2025-08-15T02:43:47Z","timestamp":1755225827202,"version":"3.43.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J R Army Med Corps"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,10]]},"DOI":"10.1136\/jramc-143-03-06","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,19]],"date-time":"2013-03-19T19:44:55Z","timestamp":1363722295000},"page":"155-159","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The Chronic Prostatitis Syndromes"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"143","author":[{"given":"RN","family":"Thin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genitourinary Medicine, Guys and St Thomas\u2019 Hospital Trust, St Thomas\u2019 Hospital, London SEI 7EH."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1997,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"279","article-title":"The diagnosis of prostatItIS; a review","volume":"67","author":"THIN, R.N.","year":"1991","unstructured":"THIN RN. The diagnosis of prostatItIS; a review. Genitourin Med 1991; 67: 279-283.","journal-title":"Genitourin Med"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"3","article-title":"Anatomy and embryology","volume-title":"The prostate","author":"McNEAL, J.E.","year":"1989","unstructured":"McNEAL JE. Anatomy and embryology. In: Fitzpatrick JM, Krane RJ, eds. The prostate. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 1989; 3-10."},{"issue":"11","key":"ref_3","first-page":"334","article-title":"Prostatic abscess: clinical study of 42 cases","volume":"1931","author":"SARGENT, J.C.; lRWIN R","unstructured":"SARGENT JC, lRWIN R. Prostatic abscess: clinical study of 42 cases. Am J Surg 1931; 11: 334-337.","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"215","article-title":"The diagnosis, aetiology, and pathogenesis of chronic abacterial prostatitis","volume-title":"and therapy","author":"DOBLE, A.; ROBINSON, T.A.Y.L.O.R.; D.","year":"1994","unstructured":"DOBLE A, TAYLOR ROBINSON D. The diagnosis, aetiology, and pathogenesis of chronic abacterial prostatitis. In: Weidner W, Madsen PO, Schiefer HG, eds. Prostatitis:etiopathology, diagnosis and therapy. Berlin: Springer Verlag, 1994; 215-228."},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"426","article-title":"A study on the role of Chlamydia trachomatis in chronic prostatitis analysis of anti-Chlamydia trachomatis specific IgA in expressed prostatic secretion by western blotting method","volume":"69","author":"KOROKU, M.; KUMANTO, Y.; ffiROSE T","year":"1995","unstructured":"KOROKU M, KUMANTO Y, ffiROSE T. A study on the role of Chlamydia trachomatis in chronic prostatitis analysis of anti-Chlamydia trachomatis specific IgA in expressed prostatic secretion by western blotting method. J Jap Ass Infect Dis 1995; 69: 426-437.","journal-title":"J Jap Ass Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"297304","article-title":"Study of Chlamydia trachomatis in chronic prostatitis","volume":"38","author":"MARUTA, N.","year":"1992","unstructured":"MARUTA N. Study of Chlamydia trachomatis in chronic prostatitis. Acta Urologica Japonica 1992: 38: 297304.","journal-title":"Acta Urologica Japonica"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/147.5.807","article-title":"Studies on the role of Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis in prostatitis","volume":"147","author":"BRUNNER, H.; WEIDNER, W.; SCHIEFFER, H.G.","year":"1983","unstructured":"BRUNNER H, WEIDNER W, SCHIEFFER HG. Studies on the role of Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis in prostatitis. J Infect Dis 1983; 147: 807-13.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1097\/00007435-199503000-00003","article-title":"Trichomoniasis in men: old issues and new data","volume":"22","author":"KRIEGER, I.N.","year":"1995","unstructured":"KRIEGER IN. Trichomoniasis in men: old issues and new data. Sex Transm Dis 1995; 22: 83-96.","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"ref_9","article-title":"Chronic prostatitis; overview and update.lnt","author":"THIN, R.N.","year":"1997","unstructured":"THIN RN. Chronic prostatitis; overview and update.lnt J STD AIDS 1997; 8: In press.","journal-title":"J STD AIDS"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/32.suppl_A.1","article-title":"Prostatitis - an increasing clinical problem for diagnosis and management","author":"LEIGH, D.A.","year":"1993","unstructured":"LEIGH DA. Prostatitis - an increasing clinical problem for diagnosis and management. J Antimicrob Chemother 1993,32 (Suppl A): 1-9.","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"807","article-title":"Prostatitis and related disorders","author":"EM, Jr, M.E.A.R.E.S.","year":"1992","unstructured":"MEARES EM Jr. Prostatitis and related disorders. In: Walsh PC, Retik AB, Stamey TA, Vaughan ED, Jr, eds. Campbell's Urology, (6th edn). New York: Saunders, 1992; 807-822.","edition":"6th edn"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1002\/pros.2990230204","article-title":"Bacterial localisation in antibiotic-refractory chronic bacterial prostatitis","volume":"23","author":"NICKEL, J.C.; COSTERTON, J.W.","year":"1993","unstructured":"NICKEL JC, COSTERTON JW. Bacterial localisation in antibiotic-refractory chronic bacterial prostatitis. Prostate 1993; 23: 107-14.","journal-title":"Prostate"},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"254","article-title":"Therapy of non-bacterial prostatitis","volume-title":"Prostatitis: etiopathology, diagnosis and therapy","author":"THIN, R.N.T.","unstructured":"THIN RNT. Therapy of non-bacterial prostatitis. In: Weidner W, Madsen PO, Schiefer HG, eds. Prostatitis: etiopathology, diagnosis and therapy. Berlin: SpringerVerlag,1994; 254-259."},{"author":"WEIDNER, W.","unstructured":"WEIDNER W, MAOSEN PO, SCHIEFER HG. PREFACE. In: WEIDNER W, MAOSEN PO, SCHIEFER HG, eds. Prostatitis; etiopathology, diagnosis and therapy. Berlin: Springer-Verlag IX. 18.","article-title":"Prostatitis; etiopathology, diagnosis and therapy","key":"ref_14"},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"302","article-title":"Chronic perineal pain","author":"WOOOHOUSE, C.R.J.; RUGG, A.J.","year":"1984","unstructured":"WOOOHOUSE CRJ, RUGG AJ. Chronic perineal pain. Br J Hosp Med 1984: 302-304.","journal-title":"Br J Hosp Med"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1097\/00002508-199409000-00008","article-title":"Psychological problems in chronic prostatitis patients with pain","volume":"10","author":"EGAN, K.J.; KRIEGER, I.N.","year":"1994","unstructured":"EGAN KJ, KRIEGER IN. Psychological problems in chronic prostatitis patients with pain. Clin J Pain 1994; 10: 218-26.","journal-title":"Clin J Pain"},{"issue":"50","key":"ref_17","first-page":"370","article-title":"Prostatitis after urethritis in Singapore","volume":"1974","author":"THIN, R.N.T.","unstructured":"THIN RNT. Prostatitis after urethritis in Singapore. Br, J Vener Dis 1974,50: 370-372.","journal-title":"Br, J Vener Dis"},{"key":"ref_18","article-title":"Prostatitis in the community - results of a general practitioner survey (Abstract not numbered). Medical Society for the Study of Venereal Diseases, Spring Meeting","author":"CURTIS, S.; EOWARDS, A.; LUZZI, G.A.","year":"1995","unstructured":"CURTIS S, EOWARDS A, LUZZI GA. Prostatitis in the community - results of a general practitioner survey (Abstract not numbered). Medical Society for the Study of Venereal Diseases, Spring Meeting, Vienna, 1995."},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"145","article-title":"Difficulties in diagnosing prostatitis. Results of repeated samples of expressed prostatic secretion","volume-title":"Therapy of prostatitis","author":"TillN, R.N.T.; SIMMONS, P.D.; WOOD, R.C.","year":"1986","unstructured":"TillN RNT, SIMMONS PD, WOOD RC. Difficulties in diagnosing prostatitis. Results of repeated samples of expressed prostatic secretion (EPS). In: Weidner W, Brunner H, Krause W, Rothauge CF, eds. Therapy of prostatitis. Munchen: Zuckschwerdt Verlag, 1986; 145-148."},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"157164","article-title":"Treatment of chronic abacterial prostatitis: a review","volume":"5","author":"EVANS, D.T.P.","year":"1994","unstructured":"EVANS DTP. Treatment of chronic abacterial prostatitis: a review. Int J STD AIDS 1994; 5: 157164.","journal-title":"Int J STD AIDS"},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"110","article-title":"Basis for antibacterial treatment of prostatitis: experimental and clinical pharmacokinetic studies and models","volume-title":"diagnosis and therapy","author":"MADSEN, P.O.; DRESCHER, P.; GASSER, T.C.","year":"1994","unstructured":"MADSEN PO, DRESCHER P, GASSER TC. Basis for antibacterial treatment of prostatitis: experimental and clinical pharmacokinetic studies and models. In: Weidner W, Madsen PO, Schiefer HG, eds. Prostatitis, etiopathology, diagnosis and therapy. Berlin: Springer Verlag, 1994; 110-122."},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"868871","article-title":"Concentration of azithromycin in human prostatic tissue","volume":"10","author":"FOULDS, G.; MADSEN, P.; Cox, C.; SHEPARD, R.; JOHNSON, R.","year":"1991","unstructured":"FOULDS G, MADSEN P, Cox C, SHEPARD R, JOHNSON R. Concentration of azithromycin in human prostatic tissue. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1991; 10: 868871.","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref_23","first-page":"280","article-title":"Treatment of chronic bacterial prostatitis with ciprofloxacin; results of a one year follow up study","volume":"82","author":"WEIDNER, W.; SCHIEFER, H.G.; DALHOFF, A.","year":"1987","unstructured":"WEIDNER W, SCHIEFER HG, DALHOFF A. Treatment of chronic bacterial prostatitis with ciprofloxacin; results of a one year follow up study. Am J Med 1987; 82 (SuppJ 4A): 280-283.","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-113-1-21","article-title":"Erythromycin for persistent or recurrent nongonococcal urethritis. A randomised placebo controlled trial","volume":"113","author":"HOOTON, T.M.; WONG, E.S.; BARNES, R.C.; ROBERTS, P.L.; STAMM, W.E.","year":"1990","unstructured":"HOOTON TM, WONG ES, BARNES RC, ROBERTS PL, STAMM WE. Erythromycin for persistent or recurrent nongonococcal urethritis. A randomised placebo controlled trial. Ann Intern Med 1990; 113: 21-26.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"ref_25","article-title":"Doxycycline in chronic abacterial prostatitis (Abstract - not numbered). Medical Society for the Study of Venereal Diseases. Spring Meeting","author":"SIMMONS, P.D.; TillN, R.N.T.","year":"1989","unstructured":"SIMMONS PD, TillN RNT. Doxycycline in chronic abacterial prostatitis (Abstract - not numbered). Medical Society for the Study of Venereal Diseases. Spring Meeting. Bordeaux: 1989."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-197815060-00005","article-title":"Prostatitis: diagnosis and treatment","volume":"15","author":"MEARES, E.M.","year":"1978","unstructured":"MEARES EM. Prostatitis: diagnosis and treatment. Drugs 1978; 15: 478-482.","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.1993.tb15988.x","article-title":"Results of treatment with pollen extract (Cernilton RN) in chronic prostatitis and prostatodynia","volume":"71","author":"RUGENDORFF, E.W.; WEIDNER, W.; EBELING, L.; BUCK, A.C.","year":"1993","unstructured":"RUGENDORFF EW, WEIDNER W, EBELING L, BUCK AC. Results of treatment with pollen extract (Cernilton RN) in chronic prostatitis and prostatodynia. Br J Urol 1993; 71: 433-438.","journal-title":"Br J Urol"},{"key":"ref_28","first-page":"139","article-title":"Is there a role for transrectal microwave hyperthermia of the prostate in the treatment of abacterial prostatitis and prostatodynia, Prostate","volume":"22","author":"MONTORSI, F.; GUAZZONI, G.; BERGAMASCHI, F.","year":"1993","unstructured":"MONTORSI F, GUAZZONI G, BERGAMASCHI F, et al. Is there a role for transrectal microwave hyperthermia of the prostate in the treatment of abacterial prostatitis and prostatodynia, Prostate 1993; 22: 139-146."},{"key":"ref_29","first-page":"405","article-title":"Microwave hyperthermia in the treatment of chronic abacterial prostatitis and prostatodynia: results of a double blind placebo controlled trial (abstract)","volume":"(SuppJ):","author":"SHAH, T.K.; WATSON, G.M.; BARNES, D.G.","year":"1993","unstructured":"SHAH TK, WATSON GM, BARNES DG. Microwave hyperthermia in the treatment of chronic abacterial prostatitis and prostatodynia: results of a double blind placebo controlled trial (abstract). J Urol 1993; 149 (SuppJ): 405A.","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-4295(94)90231-3","article-title":"Use of terazosin in prostatodynia and validation of a symptom score questionnaire","volume":"43","author":"NEAL, D.A.; MOON, T.D.","year":"1994","unstructured":"NEAL DA, MOON TD. Use of terazosin in prostatodynia and validation of a symptom score questionnaire. Urology 1994; 43: 460-465.","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-78181-0","article-title":"loco antibiotics in chronic bacterial prostatitis","volume-title":"Prostatitis; etiopatho}ogy, diagnosis and therapy","author":"Weidner, W.; BAERT, L.; In, D.E.R.I.D.D.E.R.D.","year":"1994","unstructured":"BAERT L, DE RIDDER D. In loco antibiotics in chronic bacterial prostatitis. In: Weidner W, Madsen PO, Schiefer HG, eds. Prostatitis; etiopatho}ogy, diagnosis and therapy. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1994; 191-196."}],"container-title":["Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/jramc-143-03-06","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,13]],"date-time":"2025-08-13T17:53:20Z","timestamp":1755107600000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/militaryhealth.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/jramc-143-03-06"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1997,10]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1997,10,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/jramc-143-03-06"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jramc-143-03-06","relation":{},"ISSN":["0035-8665","2052-0468"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0035-8665"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2052-0468"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1997,10]]}}}