{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]],"date-time":"2024-07-01T13:50:11Z","timestamp":1719841811270},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J R Army Med Corps"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Military service requires individuals who are free from ill-health and who are physically and mentally robust, and throughout history those who have become unfit for service have been discharged on medical grounds. This paper uses published historical records to examine trends in the rate of discharge for six key conditions for the period 1861-1998 and to draw conclusions. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, communicable diseases such as tuberculosis and syphilis were a major problem together with illdefined conditions such as \u201cdisordered action of the heart\u201d. By the mid-20th century, psychiatric and gastrointestinal disorders had become the principal causes of medical discharge, whereas in the late 20th century, the majority of discharges resulted from injuries and musculoskeletal disorders. The pattern of conditions leading to medical discharge from the Army tends to mirror conditions which are prevalent at that time in the civilian population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/jramc-146-03-10","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,19]],"date-time":"2013-03-19T23:44:55Z","timestamp":1363736695000},"page":"204-211","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Unfit for Further Service:Trends in Medical Discharge from the British Army 1861-1998"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"146","author":[{"given":"BP","family":"Bergman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"SAStJ","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2000,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","article-title":"International Classification of Diseases","volume":"\"Vol\" # \"Introduction.\"","author":"Introduction.","year":"1975","unstructured":"International Classification of Diseases 1975 Vol 1; Introduction."},{"key":"ref_2","article-title":"Annual Army Health Report for 1951","unstructured":"Annual Army Health Report for 1951."},{"issue":"6007","key":"ref_3","article-title":"The Psychological Impact of Modern Warfare","volume":"2","author":"Jones, E.","unstructured":"Jones E. The Psychological Impact of Modern Warfare. HQ AG (HS) Army. ATRA 2a\/6007.","journal-title":"HQ AG (HS) Army. ATRA"},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"115","article-title":"Army Health Indicators 1998. DASA. 6. Jefferson TO. An investigation of medical discharges from the British Army 1979-1986","volume":"135","year":"1989","unstructured":"Army Health Indicators 1998. DASA. 6. Jefferson TO. An investigation of medical discharges from the British Army 1979-1986. J R Army Med Corps 1989; 135: 115-123.","journal-title":"J R Army Med Corps"},{"key":"ref_5","article-title":"Annual Army Health Report for 1931","unstructured":"Annual Army Health Report for 1931."},{"key":"ref_6","article-title":"Report on the Health of the Army for 1911","unstructured":"Report on the Health of the Army for 1911."},{"key":"ref_7","article-title":"Encyclopaedia Britannica -","unstructured":"Encyclopaedia Britannica - www.britannica.com."},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"387","article-title":"On the hypodermic administration of mercury in the treatment of syphilis. Army Medical Department Report for the Year 1891. Appx IV","author":"Lambkin, F.J.","unstructured":"Lambkin FJ. On the hypodermic administration of mercury in the treatment of syphilis. Army Medical Department Report for the Year 1891. Appx IV, 387-394."},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"325","article-title":"Report on the treatment of syphilis by hypodermic injection of mercury. Army Medical Department Report for the Year 1894. Appx III","author":"Love, R.L.","unstructured":"Love RL. Report on the treatment of syphilis by hypodermic injection of mercury. Army Medical Department Report for the Year 1894. Appx III, 325-331."},{"key":"ref_10","article-title":"Surgeon General\u2019s Policy Letter 20\/97 HIV\/AIDS in the Armed Forces - Guidance for Medical Officers","unstructured":"Surgeon General\u2019s Policy Letter 20\/97 HIV\/AIDS in the Armed Forces - Guidance for Medical Officers."},{"key":"ref_11","article-title":"Sanitary and Medical Reports for the Year 1861","author":"Statistical, Army Medical Department","year":"1863","unstructured":"Army Medical Department Statistical, Sanitary and Medical Reports for the Year 1861 (HMSO 1863)."},{"key":"ref_12","article-title":"Report of the Ministry of Pensions 1919","unstructured":"Report of the Ministry of Pensions 1919."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-125-5-199609010-00007","article-title":"War Syndromes and Their Evaluation: From the U. S. Civil War to the Persian Gulf","volume":"125","author":"Hyams, K.C.; FS, Wignall; Roswell, R.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Hyams KC, Wignall FS & Roswell R. War Syndromes and Their Evaluation: From the U.S. Civil War to the Persian Gulf War, Ann Intern Med 1996;125:398-405.","journal-title":"War, Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"463466","article-title":"From irritable heart to mitral valve prolapse: World War One, the British experience and","volume":"57","author":"Wooley, C.F.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Wooley CF. From irritable heart to mitral valve prolapse: World War One, the British experience and James Mackenzie, Am J Cardiol 1986; 57: 463466.","journal-title":"James Mackenzie, Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"ref_15","author":"Army Medical Department Report for 1881","unstructured":"Army Medical Department Report for 1881."},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"121","article-title":"Observations on the after-histories of men suffering from the effort syndrome","volume":"12","author":"Grant, R.T.","year":"1925","unstructured":"Grant RT. Observations on the after-histories of men suffering from the effort syndrome. Heart 1925;12:121-42.","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"444","article-title":"Perforated peptic ulcer. Changes in age-incidence and sex-incidence in the last 150 years","volume":"1","author":"Jennings, D.","year":"1940","unstructured":"Jennings D. Perforated peptic ulcer. Changes in age-incidence and sex-incidence in the last 150 years. Lancet 1940; 1: 444-447.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.4186.473","article-title":"& Olav Kerr JD. Digestive disorders in the Forces","volume":"1","author":"J, Gibson Graham","year":"1941","unstructured":"Gibson Graham J. & Olav Kerr JD. Digestive disorders in the Forces. Brit Med J 1941; 1: 473-6.","journal-title":"Brit Med J"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.4248.692","article-title":"A comparison of dyspepsia in the Army for 1940 and 1941","volume":"1","author":"CA, Hinds Howell","year":"1942","unstructured":"Hinds Howell CA. A comparison of dyspepsia in the Army for 1940 and 1941. Brit Med J 1942; 1: 692-3.","journal-title":"Brit Med J"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.4196.858","article-title":"Dyspepsia and cardiovascular neurosis in wartime","volume":"1","author":"Editorial","year":"1941","unstructured":"Editorial. Dyspepsia and cardiovascular neurosis in wartime. Brit Med J 1941; 1: 858-9.","journal-title":"Brit Med J"},{"key":"ref_21","article-title":"Saving Lives: Our Healthier Nation","year":"1999","unstructured":"Saving Lives: Our Healthier Nation. Government White Paper 1999.","journal-title":"Government White Paper"}],"container-title":["Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/jramc-146-03-10","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,20]],"date-time":"2024-05-20T05:11:08Z","timestamp":1716181868000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/militaryhealth.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/jramc-146-03-10"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2000,10]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2000,10,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/jramc-146-03-10"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jramc-146-03-10","relation":{},"ISSN":["0035-8665","2052-0468"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0035-8665","type":"print"},{"value":"2052-0468","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2000,10]]}}}