{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T22:31:11Z","timestamp":1783377071312,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J R Army Med Corps"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To review external fixation in the management of war injuries.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>We prospectively followed up 15 external fixators (14 patients) applied in the management of war injuries. All these patients were treated at 202 Field Hospital during the 2003 Gulf Conflict.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of the 15 fixators, 13 (86.7%) required early revision or removal due to complications of the injury or the fixator. Instability was a problem with 10 fixators (67%), pin loosening was noted with 5 fixators (33%) involving twelve pins, and a significant pin track infection developed at 14 pin sites (3 fixators \u2013 20%), which failed to resolve despite intravenous antibiotics.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study demonstrates a very high early complication rate of external fixation in the management of military injuries and cautions against its universal acceptance. If used, consideration must be given to the optimum time of frame application, whether at the time of initial debridement or at a later operation, and the optimal frame design, which will depend on the specific bone and fracture pattern. Pin site care must also be considered, particularly with the restrictions imposed by the military environ-ment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/jramc-151-02-04","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,19]],"date-time":"2013-03-19T23:43:32Z","timestamp":1363736612000},"page":"81-86","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Early Failure Of External Fixation In The Management Of War Injuries"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"151","author":[{"given":"J C","family":"Clasper","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S L","family":"Phillips","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/165.6.463","article-title":"A review of orthopaedic injuries in three recent US military conflicts","volume":"165","author":"Islinger, R.B.; Kuklo, T.R.; McHale, K.A.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Islinger RB, Kuklo TR, McHale KA. A review of orthopaedic injuries in three recent US military conflicts. Mil Med 2000;165:463-465.","journal-title":"Mil Med"},{"key":"ref_2","article-title":"Missile wounds involving bone","volume":"291310","author":"Furlong, R.; Clark, M.P.","year":"1948","unstructured":"Furlong R, Clark MP. Missile wounds involving bone. Br J Surg 1948;War Supplement No. II:291310.","journal-title":"Br J Surg; War Supplement No"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-197106000-00003","article-title":"Internal versus external fixation of fractures with concomitant vascular injuries in Vietnam","volume":"11","author":"Rich, N.M.; Metz, C.W.; Hutton, J.E.; Baugh, J.H.; Hughes, C.W.","year":"1971","unstructured":"Rich NM, Metz CW, Hutton JE, Baugh JH, Hughes CW. Internal versus external fixation of fractures with concomitant vascular injuries in Vietnam. 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Thesis for Doctor of Medicine, University of Southampton; August 2001:78."}],"container-title":["Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/jramc-151-02-04","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,20]],"date-time":"2024-05-20T04:58:50Z","timestamp":1716181130000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/militaryhealth.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/jramc-151-02-04"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,6]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/jramc-151-02-04"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jramc-151-02-04","relation":{},"ISSN":["0035-8665","2052-0468"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0035-8665","type":"print"},{"value":"2052-0468","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,6]]}}}