{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T06:32:27Z","timestamp":1771655547491,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J R Army Med Corps"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,9]]},"abstract":"\n Objectives<\/jats:title>\n Infectious diseases affecting British troops are mostly due to gastrointestinal and respiratory illnesses, but these are usually minor in severity, easy to manage and short in duration. To assess the importance of infections that are more severe, difficult to manage or longer in duration, it is necessary to look at military cases that are evacuated or otherwise referred to the UK Role 4 (definitive care) medical facility for infectious diseases.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n Case notes from military infectious disease patients seen at Birmingham Heartlands Hospital in 2005-2009 were reviewed to extract data on demographics, origin of infection, diagnostic categories, exact diagnoses, type and duration of care, time off duty, quality of care and costs incurred.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n Over a 4-year period, 138 cases were referred, 131 (95%) were male and 98 (71%) were from the Army. The origin of infection was Afghanistan in 52 (38%) and Belize in 19 (14%). From 131 patients (95%) that attended, 59 (45%) had dermatological illnesses and 38 (29%) had undifferentiated febrile illnesses. Diagnoses included 35 (27%) with cutaneous leishmaniasis and 21 (16%) with \u201cHelmand Fever\u201d due to sandfly fever, acute Qfever or rickettsial infection. For 51 in-patients, the median (range) length of stay was 3 (1-17) days and time off duty was 20 (5-127) days. For 80 out-patients, the median (range) number of attendances was 1 (1-23) and time off duty was 22 (1-228) days. All cases were seen promptly (within 7 days for in-patients and 28 days for out-patients), but only 59 (45%) had appropriate letters sent to the referring medical officer and none had FMed 85 notifications of infectious disease submitted. Aeromedical evacuation costs could not be calculated, but UK hospital care cost \u223c \u00a3 78 000 per year.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n Dermatological infections and undifferentiated febrile illnesses that require management at a UK Role 4 facility are important causes of disease non-battle injury. Prospective collection of this data in the future will be a valuable asset.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/jramc-156-03-07","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,19]],"date-time":"2013-03-19T19:43:32Z","timestamp":1363722212000},"page":"162-164","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["UK Role 4 Military Infectious Diseases at Birmingham Heartlands Hospital in 2005-9"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"156","author":[{"given":"JS","family":"Glennie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark S","family":"Bailey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Military Medicine, Royal Centre for Defence Medicine, Birmingham, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1136\/jramc-153-04-06","article-title":"The operational emergency department attendance register (OPEDAR): a new epidemiological tool","volume":"153","author":"Russell, R.; Hodgetts, T.; Ollerton, J.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Russell R, Hodgetts T, Ollerton J et al. The operational emergency department attendance register (OPEDAR): a new epidemiological tool. J R Army Med Corps. 2007; 153: 244-50.","journal-title":"J R Army Med Corps"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"1569","article-title":"Viral gastroenteritis outbreaks in deployed British troops during 2002-7","volume":"154","author":"Bailey, M.S.; Gallimore, C.I.; Lines, L.D.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bailey MS, Gallimore CI, Lines LD et al. Viral gastroenteritis outbreaks in deployed British troops during 2002-7. J R Army Med Corps. 2008; 154: 1569.","journal-title":"J R Army Med Corps"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1407.071329","volume":"14","author":"Sagui, E.; Ollivier, L.; Gaillard, T.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sagui E, Ollivier L, Gaillard T et al. Outbreak of pertussis, Kabul, Afghanistan. Emerg Infect Dis. 2008; 14: 1173-5.","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref_4","article-title":"Undifferentiated febrile illnesses in British troops","author":"Bailey, M.S.; Trinick, T.R.; Dunbar, J.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bailey MS, Trinick TR, Dunbar J et al. Undifferentiated febrile illnesses in British troops from Helmand, Afghanistan. J R Army Med Corps. 2010 (in press).","journal-title":"J R Army Med Corps"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2199","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2007.131680","article-title":"Past trends and current status of selfreported incidence and impact of disease and non-battle injury in military operations in","volume":"98","author":"Riddle, M.S.; Tribble, D.R.; Putnam, S.D.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Riddle MS, Tribble DR, Putnam SD et al. Past trends and current status of selfreported incidence and impact of disease and non-battle injury in military operations in Southwest Asia and the Middle East. 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Available from www.connectingforhealth.nhs.uk\/systemsandservices\/infogov"}],"container-title":["Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/jramc-156-03-07","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,13]],"date-time":"2025-08-13T20:33:36Z","timestamp":1755117216000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/militaryhealth.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/jramc-156-03-07"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,9]]},"references-count":9,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,9,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/jramc-156-03-07"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jramc-156-03-07","relation":{},"ISSN":["0035-8665","2052-0468"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0035-8665","type":"print"},{"value":"2052-0468","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,9]]}}}