{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]],"date-time":"2025-08-29T09:54:32Z","timestamp":1756461272004,"version":"3.43.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J R Army Med Corps"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Pancreatic trauma is an uncommon occurrence and so a consensus about optimal management is not readily available. Isolated pancreatic injury occurs only occasionally, as in the majority of cases there is concurrent visceral or vascular injury. Morbidity and mortality are related to delay in diagnosis, concurrent organ injury or the presence and extent of pancreatic duct injury.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/jramc-156-04-03","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,19]],"date-time":"2013-03-19T19:43:32Z","timestamp":1363722212000},"page":"221-227","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The Management of Pancreatic Trauma"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"156","author":[{"given":"MA","family":"Khan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"North Trent Rotation and Defence Medical Services"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"I","family":"Cameron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-198706000-00009","article-title":"Managemant of Combined Pancreaticoduodenal Injuries","volume":"205","author":"Feliciano, D.; Martin, T.D.; Cruse, P.A.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Feliciano D, Martin TD, Cruse PA et al. Managemant of Combined Pancreaticoduodenal Injuries. Ann Surg 1987. 205(6): 673-679.","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref_2","first-page":"153","article-title":"Pancreatic Trauma","volume":"163","author":"Thompson, R.J.; Hinshaw, D.B.","year":"1966","unstructured":"Thompson RJ, Hinshaw DB. Pancreatic Trauma. Ann Surg 1966. 163(1): 153-160."},{"issue":"104","key":"ref_3","first-page":"46","article-title":"Penetrating Abdominal Wounds in a Civilian Population","volume":"1962","author":"Goldman, L.I.; DeLaurentis, D.B.; Rosemond, G.P.","unstructured":"Goldman LI, DeLaurentis DB, Rosemond GP. Penetrating Abdominal Wounds in a Civilian Population. Amer J Surg 1962. 104: 46.","journal-title":"Amer J Surg"},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"43","article-title":"Delayed complications of Pancreatic injury: role of CT in detection and management","author":"el Bagi M, Abd; MS, Haddad","year":"1996","unstructured":"Abd el Bagi M, Haddad MS, al Harbi H, al Karawi M. Delayed complications of Pancreatic injury: role of CT in detection and management. Hepatogastroenterology 1996. 43: 456-462.","journal-title":"Hepatogastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"509","article-title":"Pancreatic trauma: a rare but severe event","volume":"49","author":"Rigon, R.; Trevisan, P.; Giacomazzi, A.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Rigon R, Trevisan P, Giacomazzi A. Pancreatic trauma: a rare but severe event. Minerva Chirurgica 1994. 49: 509-514.","journal-title":"Minerva Chirurgica"},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"598","article-title":"Pancreatic trauma: a ten year multi-institutional experience","volume":"63","author":"Akhrass, R.; Yaffe, M.B.; Brandt, C.P.; Reigle, M.; Fallon, Jr, W.F.; Malangoni, M.A.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Akhrass R, Yaffe MB, Brandt CP, Reigle M, Fallon WF, Jr, Malangoni MA. Pancreatic trauma: a ten year multi-institutional experience. Am Surg 1997. 63: 598-604.","journal-title":"Am Surg"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref_7","first-page":"387","article-title":"Rupture of the Pancreas","volume":"1827","author":"Travers, B.","unstructured":"Travers B. Rupture of the Pancreas. Lancet 1827. 12: 387.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"46","article-title":"Totaler Querriss des Pankreas durch Nahtgeheilt","volume":"1905","author":"Garre, C.","unstructured":"Garre C. Totaler Querriss des Pankreas durch Nahtgeheilt. Beitr Klin Chir, 1905. 46: p. 233.","journal-title":"Beitr Klin Chir"},{"key":"ref_9","article-title":"Liver and Pancreatic Trauma","author":"Krige, J.E.J.; Beckingham, I.J.","unstructured":"Krige JEJ, Beckingham IJ. Liver and Pancreatic Trauma. BMJ","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1288","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.322.7297.1288","article-title":"Delayed presentation of handlebar injuries in children","volume":"322","author":"Lam, J.P.H.; Eunson, G.J.; Munro, F.D.; Orr, J.D.","year":"2001","unstructured":"322: 783-785.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref_11","first-page":"861","article-title":"Diagnosis and Initial Management of Blunt Pancreatic Trauma","volume":"227","author":"Bradley III ML, Young PR, Chang MC","year":"1998","unstructured":"Lam JPH, Eunson GJ, Munro FD, Orr JD., Delayed presentation of handlebar injuries in children. BMJ 2001. 322: 1288-1289."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.316.7124.44","article-title":"Fortnightly Review: Acute Pancreatitis","volume":"316","author":"Mergener, K.; Baillie, J.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Bradley III ML, Young PR, Chang MC et al. Diagnosis and Initial Management of Blunt Pancreatic Trauma. Ann Surg 1998. 227(6): 861-869.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-1383(01)00099-7","article-title":"Management of penetrating pancreatic trauma: an 11-year experience of a level-1 truma center","volume":"32","author":"Vasquez, J.; Coimbra, R.; Hoyt, D.B.; Fortlage, D.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Mergener K, Baillie J. Fortnightly Review: Acute Pancreatitis. BMJ 1998. 316: 44-48.","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-5229.33393","article-title":"Isolated pancreatic injury following blunt abdominal trauma in a child","volume":"11","author":"Sandeep, J.; Parag, T.; Joshi, M.A.; Sandhya, P.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Vasquez J, Coimbra R, Hoyt DB, Fortlage D. Management of penetrating pancreatic trauma: an 11-year experience of a level-1 truma center. Injury 2001. 32: 753-759.","journal-title":"Ind J Crit Care Med"},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"115","volume":"tfm:","author":"Hirschberg, A.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Sandeep J, Parag T, Joshi MA, Sandhya P. Isolated pancreatic injury following blunt abdominal trauma in a child. Ind J Crit Care Med 2007. 11(2): 96-98.","journal-title":"Harley"},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"565","article-title":"Injuries to the pancreas. Surgery of the pancreas","author":"Frey, R.F.; Wardell, J.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Hirschberg A, Mattox KL. Top Knife, ed. Hirshberg and Mattox. 2006. Harley; tfm: 115-118."},{"article-title":"Pancreatic trauma. Companion to Specialist Surgical Practice: Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery","author":"Garden, O.J.; Paterson-Brown, S.","key":"ref_17","unstructured":"Frey RF, Wardell J. Injuries to the pancreas. Surgery of the pancreas. 1993. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone. 565-589."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-197303000-00003","article-title":"The serum amylase in blunt abdominal trauma","volume":"13","author":"Olsen, W.","year":"1973","unstructured":"Garden OJ, Paterson-Brown S. Pancreatic trauma. Companion to Specialist Surgical Practice: Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, ed. Paterson-Brown and Garden. 2006; Elsevier Saunders: 348.","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref_19","first-page":"555","article-title":"Management of Pancreatic Trauma","volume":"187","author":"Jones, R.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Olsen W. The serum amylase in blunt abdominal trauma. J Trauma 1973. 13: 200-204."},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"110","article-title":"Pancreatic and duodenal injuries","volume":"25","author":"Robbs, J.V.; McIntyre, I.M.C.","year":"1980","unstructured":"Jones R. Management of Pancreatic Trauma. Ann Surg 1978. 187(5): 555-562.","journal-title":"J R Coll Surg Edinb"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref_21","first-page":"45","article-title":"Review of Pancreatic Trauma","volume":"151","author":"Glancy, K.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Robbs JV, McIntyre IMC. Pancreatic and duodenal injuries. J R Coll Surg Edinb 1980. 25: 110-116.","journal-title":"West J Med"},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"13","volume":"36","author":"de Vries J; M, Eeftinck Schattenkerk; Eggink","year":"1984","unstructured":"Glancy K. Review of Pancreatic Trauma. West J Med 1989. 151(1): 45-51.","journal-title":"WF et al. Treatment of Pancreatic Injuries. Netherlands J Surg"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.147.2.6836127","article-title":"Computed tomography of pancreatic trauma","volume":"147","author":"Jeffrey, R.B.; Federle, M.P.; Crass, R.A.","year":"1983","unstructured":"de Vries J, Eeftinck Schattenkerk M, Eggink WF et al. Treatment of Pancreatic Injuries. Netherlands J Surg 1984. 36: 13-16.","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.159.1.3952332","article-title":"Upper abdominal trauma: Pitfalls in CT diagnosis","volume":"159","author":"Cook, D.E.; Walsh, J.W.; Vick, C.W.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Jeffrey RB, Federle MP, Crass RA. Computed tomography of pancreatic trauma. Radiology 1983. 147: 491-494.","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-198607000-00001","article-title":"Prospective study of computed tomography in the initial management of blunt abdominal trauma","volume":"26","author":"Peitzman, A.B.; Makaroun, M.S.; Slasky, B.S.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Cook DE, Walsh JW, Vick CW, et al. Upper abdominal trauma: Pitfalls in CT diagnosis. Radiology 1986. 159: 65-69.","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"833","article-title":"CT diagnosis of blunt pancreatic trauma: importance of detecting fluid between the pancreas and the splenic vein","volume":"166","author":"Lane, M.; Mindelzun, R.E.; Sandhu, J.S.; MacCormick, V.D.; Jeffrey, R.B.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Peitzman AB, Makaroun MS, Slasky BS, et al. Prospective study of computed tomography in the initial management of blunt abdominal trauma. J Trauma 1986. 26: 585-592.","journal-title":"Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1989.01410060117025","article-title":"Emergent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography: a highly specific test for acute pancreatic trauma","volume":"124","author":"Hayward, SR, Lucas; CE, Sugawa; C.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Lane M, Mindelzun RE, Sandhu JS, MacCormick VD, Jeffrey RB. CT diagnosis of blunt pancreatic trauma: importance of detecting fluid between the pancreas and the splenic vein. Am J Roentgenol 1994. 166: 833-835.","journal-title":"Arch Surg"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2008.08.010","article-title":"Pancreatic injury in damage control laparotomies: Is pancreatic resection safe during the initial laparotomy?","volume":"40","author":"Seaman, M.; Kim, P.K.; Stawicki, S.P.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hayward SR, Lucas CE, Sugawa C, et al. Emergent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography: a highly specific test for acute pancreatic trauma. Arch Surg 1989. 124: 745-746.","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2007.07.005","article-title":"Management of pancreatic trauma","volume":"39","author":"Degiannis, E.; Glapa, M.; Loukogeorgakis, S.; Smith, M.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Seaman M, Kim PK, Stawicki SP et al. Pancreatic injury in damage control laparotomies: Is pancreatic resection safe during the initial laparotomy? Injury 2009. 40: 61-65.","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1445-2197.2005.03351.x","article-title":"Pancreatic and duodenal injuries: keep it simple","volume":"75","author":"Rickard, M.J.; Brohi, K.; Bautz, P.C.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Degiannis E, Glapa M,Loukogeorgakis S, Smith M. Management of pancreatic trauma. Injury 2008. 39(1): 21-29.","journal-title":"ANZ J Surg"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1007\/s002689900012","article-title":"Gunshot Injuries of the Head of the Pancreas: Conservative Approach","volume":"20","author":"Degiannis, E.; Levy, R.D.; Velmahos, G.C.; Potokar, T.; Florizoone, M.G.C.; Saadia, R.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Rickard MJ, Brohi K, Bautz PC. Pancreatic and duodenal injuries: keep it simple. ANZ J Surg 2005. 75(7): 581-586.","journal-title":"World J Surg"},{"key":"ref_32","first-page":"258","article-title":"Pancreatic injury: an audit and a practical approach","volume":"82","author":"el-Boghdadly S; al-Yousef Z; al Bedah K","year":"2000","unstructured":"Degiannis E, Levy RD, Velmahos GC, Potokar T, Florizoone MGC, Saadia R. Gunshot Injuries of the Head of the Pancreas: Conservative Approach. World J Surg 1996. 20: 68-72.","journal-title":"Ann Roy Coll Surg Engl"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1007\/s002689900423","article-title":"Fibrin Glue Sandwich Prevents Pancreatic Fistula following","volume":"22","author":"Ohwada, S.; Ogawa, T.; Tanahashi, Y.","year":"1998","unstructured":"el-Boghdadly S, al-Yousef Z, al Bedah K. Pancreatic injury: an audit and a practical approach. Ann Roy Coll Surg Engl 2000. 82: 258-262.","journal-title":"Distal Pancreatectomy World J Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref_34","first-page":"10","article-title":"Pancreaticoduodenal injuries: Reevaluating current management approaches","volume":"48","author":"Chinnery, G.; Madiba, T.E.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ohwada S, Ogawa T, Tanahashi Y, et al. Fibrin Glue Sandwich Prevents Pancreatic Fistula following Distal Pancreatectomy World J Surg 1998. 22(5): 494-498.","journal-title":"SAJS"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1622.1999.01572.x","article-title":"Pancreatic Trauma: Universities of Melbourne HPB Group","volume":"69","author":"Fleming, W.; Collier, N.A.; Banting, S.W.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Chinnery G, Madiba TE. Pancreaticoduodenal injuries: Reevaluating current management approaches. SAJS 2010. 48(1): 10-14.","journal-title":"ANZ J Surg"},{"key":"ref_36","first-page":"340","article-title":"Combined pancreatico-duodenal injuries","volume":"39","author":"Graham, J.; Mattox, K.L.; Vaughan, G.D.; IIIrd, Jr, Jordan J.L.","year":"1979","unstructured":"Fleming W, Collier NA, Banting SW. Pancreatic Trauma: Universities of Melbourne HPB Group. ANZ J Surg 1999. 69: 357-362.","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"article-title":"Trauma Management","author":"Demetriades, D.; Asensio, J.A.","key":"ref_37","unstructured":"Graham J, Mattox KL, Vaughan GD, IIIrd, Jordan JL Jr. Combined pancreatico-duodenal injuries. J Trauma 1979. 39: 340-346."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1191\/1460408603ta261oa","article-title":"Pancreatic trauma","volume":"5","author":"Brooks, A.; Shukla, A.; Beckingham, I.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Demetriades D, Asensio JA. Trauma Management. 2000, Georgetown, Texas: Bioscience.","journal-title":"Trauma"},{"key":"ref_39","first-page":"1109","article-title":"Current management of trauma to the pancreas","volume":"78","author":"Wilson, R.; Moorehead, R.J.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Brooks A, Shukla, A, Beckingham I. Pancreatic trauma. Trauma 2003. 5: 1-8.","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-198604000-00003","article-title":"Post traumatic pancreatic sequestrum: recognition and treatment","volume":"26","author":"Kudsk, K.; Temizer, D.; Ellison, E.C.; Cloutier, C.T.; Buckley, D.C.; Carey, L.C.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Wilson R, Moorehead RJ. Current management of trauma to the pancreas. Br J Surg 1991. 78: 1109-1113.","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"article-title":"Injury to the duodenum and pancreas","author":"Jurkovich, G.; Feliciano, D.V.; Moore, E.E.; Mattox, K.L.","key":"ref_41","unstructured":"Kudsk K, Temizer D, Ellison EC, Cloutier CT, Buckley DC, Carey LC. Post traumatic pancreatic sequestrum: recognition and treatment. J Trauma 1986. 26: 320-324."},{"issue":"5","key":"ref_42","first-page":"345","volume":"5","author":"Voss, M.; Fistula, Pappas T.Pancreatic","year":"2007","unstructured":"Jurkovich G, Feliciano DV, Moore EE, Mattox KL. Injury to the duodenum and pancreas. 1996, Stamford, Connecticut: Appleton & Lange.","journal-title":"Current Treatment Options Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(79)80013-1","article-title":"Surgical management of pancreatic trauma","volume":"16","author":"Balasegaram, M.","year":"1979","unstructured":"Voss M, Pappas T. Pancreatic Fistula. Current Treatment Options Gastroenterol 2007. 5(5): 345-353.","journal-title":"Curr Problems Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref_44","first-page":"262","article-title":"Does prophylactic octreotide decrease the rates of pancreatic fistulas and other complications after duodenectomy? Results of a prospective randomised placebocontrolled trial","volume":"234","author":"Yeo, C.; Cameron, J.L.; Lillmoe, K.D.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Balasegaram M. Surgical management of pancreatic trauma. Curr Problems Surg 1979. 16: 1-59."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9610(99)80020-8","article-title":"Is Octreotide Beneficial Following Pancreatic Injury?","volume":"170","author":"Nwariaku, F.; Terracina, A.; Mileski, W.J.; Minei, J.P.; Carrico, J.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Yeo C, Cameron JL, Lillmoe KD, et al. Does prophylactic octreotide decrease the rates of pancreatic fistulas and other complications after duodenectomy? Results of a prospective randomised placebocontrolled trial. Ann Surg 2000. 234(2): 262-263.","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"key":"ref_46","first-page":"347","article-title":"Octreotide acetate decreases pancreatic complications after pancreatic trauma","volume":"168","author":"Amirata, E.; Livingston, D.H.; Elcavage, J.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Nwariaku F, Terracina A, Mileski WJ, Minei JP, Carrico J. Is Octreotide Beneficial Following Pancreatic Injury? Am J Surg 1995. 170: 582-585.","journal-title":"Am J Surg"}],"container-title":["Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/jramc-156-04-03","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,13]],"date-time":"2025-08-13T15:25:38Z","timestamp":1755098738000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/militaryhealth.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/jramc-156-04-03"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,12]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/jramc-156-04-03"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jramc-156-04-03","relation":{},"ISSN":["0035-8665","2052-0468"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0035-8665"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2052-0468"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,12]]}}}