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Some, however, can progress to become complex and even life threatening, such as Panton-Valentine Leukocidin (PVL)-associated <jats:italic>staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic> pneumonia, or <jats:italic>Streptococcus pyogenes<\/jats:italic> necrotising fasciitis, which carry a mortality rate of up to 65% and 30%, respectively. 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