{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,25]],"date-time":"2025-10-25T19:06:43Z","timestamp":1761419203203,"version":"3.43.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J R Army Med Corps"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,16]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Performance during army loaded runs provides a synthetic indicator of a soldier\u2019s capacity to move while carrying loads and thereby remain able to execute a mission. The aim of this study was to estimate and compare the energy expenditure (EE) of army loaded runs, conducted in a field environment using laboratory-based equations and HR index (HR<jats:sub>index<\/jats:sub>).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>45 Ranger recruits had HR monitored during three loaded runs (10, 15 and 20\u2009km) in full military equipment in the field environment. EE was calculated using reference equations (EE-Eq) and estimates of oxygen consumption based on HR<jats:sub>index<\/jats:sub> (EE-HR<jats:sub>index<\/jats:sub>). Correspondence between EE-Eq and EE-HR<jats:sub>index<\/jats:sub> estimates was evaluated using a two-way analysis of variance, correlation test and Bland-Altman analysis.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>EE-Eq relative to time and weight was significantly higher for the 10\u2009km (0.175\u00b10.016) compared with 15 and 20\u2009km (0.163\u00b10.016\u2009and 0.160\u00b10.013\u2009kcal\/kg\/min, not different). The overall EE-Eq increased significantly with distance (1129\u00b159, 1703\u00b180\u2009and 2250\u00b1115\u2009kcal for 10, 15 and 20\u2009km). EE-Eq was not different from and highly correlated with EE-HR<jats:sub>index<\/jats:sub>, with a small and non-significant bias and good precision between methods.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Our study provides the first comprehensive data on HR and EE during long-distance loaded army runs, in full combat equipment, in actual field conditions. Equation-based estimates of EE during these heavy-intensity activities were not significantly different from and highly correlated with HR-based estimates. This corroborates the general applicability of the predictive equations in the field environment. Furthermore, our study suggests that time-resolved HR-based estimates of EE during army runs can be used to evaluate for the effects of context specificity, individual variability and fatigue in movement economy.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/jramc-2017-000887","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,17]],"date-time":"2018-03-17T07:10:10Z","timestamp":1521270610000},"page":"253-258","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Quantification of energy expenditure of military loaded runs: what is the performance of laboratory-based equations when applied to the field environment?"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"164","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9091-2473","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandro L","family":"Colosio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement, University of Verona, Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Pogliaghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement, University of Verona, Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025081309545979000_164.4.253.1","unstructured":"Van Dijk J . 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