{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]],"date-time":"2026-01-02T07:26:12Z","timestamp":1767338772690,"version":"3.43.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"3","funder":[{"name":"Ordnance factory, Medak, Ministry of Defence, India","award":["OFMK\/ODC\/J700216"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OFMK\/ODC\/J700216"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J R Army Med Corps"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,6]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]},"abstract":"\n Background<\/jats:title>\n Operation of infantry combat vehicle (ICV) influences the cardiorespiratory responses as well as the risk of vibration exposure on the crew members which adversely affect their performance and health.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Aim<\/jats:title>\n To assess the effect of stress factors, that is, ICV\u2019s compartmental temperature, relative humidity (RH) and vehicular vibration on the physiological parameters (heart rate (HR), respiratory frequency (RF), estimated core body temperature (ECT)) of the crew members during the ICV operation.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n A 1\u2009hour run trial of the ICV operation was conducted with its crew members at their respective positions. Compartmental temperature and RH were monitored at an interval of every 15\u2009min during the run trial. Physiological parameters were monitored continuously during the run trial. Whole body vibration (WBV) and hand-arm vibration (HAV) of the crew members were also measured during the run trial time.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n The findings showed a strong positive correlation (p<0.05) between the increasing compartmental temperature and RH with its run trial time. Significant changes were observed in the physiological parameters (p<0.05) along with the increasing run trial time. Additionally, the physiological parameters showed a strong positive correlation with compartmental temperature and RH, respectively (p<0.05). Also, a significant increase (p<0.05) in the muscle strength was recorded after their exposure to ICV operation. The study also confirmed high level of WBV exposure of the crew members during the ICV operation.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n Increase in HR, RF and ECT along with increase in temperature and RH is a predictive indicator of physiological stress. Moreover, high levels of vibration exposure of various operations may bring deleterious effect on soldiers\u2019 health as well as their performance. Proper ergonomic intervention can reduce exposure to vibration, physiological stress and increase comfort which may ultimately ensure an optimum performance of soldiers and successful completion of mission.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/jramc-2018-001022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,13]],"date-time":"2018-10-13T01:44:24Z","timestamp":1539395064000},"page":"152-158","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Assessment of vibration exposure and physiological responses of crew members during Infantry Combat Vehicle (ICV) operation: a pilot study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"165","author":[{"given":"Archana A","family":"Malhari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organisation, Lucknow Road, Delhi-110054, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D","family":"Bhattacharyya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organisation, Lucknow Road, Delhi-110054, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K","family":"Arya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organisation, Lucknow Road, Delhi-110054, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T","family":"Chatterjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organisation, Lucknow Road, Delhi-110054, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Pal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organisation, Lucknow Road, Delhi-110054, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025081306525529000_165.3.152.1","first-page":"66","article-title":"Effects of command and control vehicle (C2V) operational environment on soldier health and performance","volume":"5","author":"Cowings","year":"2001","journal-title":"Hum Perf Extrem Environ"},{"key":"2025081306525529000_165.3.152.2","unstructured":"Nakashima A , Cheung B . The effects of vibration frequencies on physical, perceptual and cognitive performance. Toronto, Ontario, CA: Defence Research and Development Canada, 2006."},{"key":"2025081306525529000_165.3.152.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01212582","article-title":"Environmental impact on crew of armoured vehicles: effects of 24 h combat exercise in a hot desert","volume":"39","author":"Singh","year":"1995","journal-title":"Int J Biometeorol"},{"key":"2025081306525529000_165.3.152.4","unstructured":"Kenney WL . ILO encyclopaedia of occupational health and safety. Physiological responses to thermal environment. Heat and Cold, 2011."},{"key":"2025081306525529000_165.3.152.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2007.143057"},{"key":"2025081306525529000_165.3.152.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rowell LB . Handbook of physiology. The cardiovascular system. Supplement 8: peripheral circulation and organ blood flow. 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Exercise and core temperature, military performance division US army research institute of environmental medicine natick 1999."},{"key":"2025081306525529000_165.3.152.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1080\/23328940.2016.1143760","article-title":"Characteristics of hyperthermia-induced hyperventilation in humans","volume":"3","author":"Tsuji","year":"2016","journal-title":"Temperature"},{"key":"2025081306525529000_165.3.152.12","first-page":"387","article-title":"Cardiac response to whole-body heating","volume":"50","author":"Frey","year":"1979","journal-title":"Aviat Space Environ Med"},{"key":"2025081306525529000_165.3.152.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/01.MSS.0000069752.96438.B0"},{"key":"2025081306525529000_165.3.152.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(66)90029-1"},{"key":"2025081306525529000_165.3.152.15","first-page":"444","volume-title":"The Reflex Effects of Muscle Vibration","volume":"3","author":"Burke","year":"1973"},{"key":"2025081306525529000_165.3.152.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1556\/APhysiol.90.2003.3.2"},{"key":"2025081306525529000_165.3.152.17","unstructured":"Texas Department of Insurance Division of Workers\u2019 Compensation Safety Education and Training Programs . 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