{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T15:36:31Z","timestamp":1767713791423,"version":"3.43.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"4","funder":[{"name":"Estonian Ministry of Defence","award":["387\/0807 11.05.2009 nr 330\/0905"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["387\/0807 11.05.2009 nr 330\/0905"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Mil Health"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,15]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Noise-induced hearing loss is one of the most common health problems among military service personnel. Exposure to noise in military vehicles constitutes a large proportion of total noise exposure. This pilot study aimed to evaluate in-vehicle noise levels depending on the type of vehicle, riding compartment and road surface.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Noise levels were measured in armoured personnel carriers and heavy all-terrain trucks, in the cab and rear passenger compartment, while driving on paved or off-road surfaces. The results were compared with national LLV and allowed noise exposure times were calculated per vehicle and surface.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The equivalent noise levels in the cab of SISU XA-188 (p=0.001) and peak noise levels in MAN 4620 (p=0.0001) and DAF 4440 (p=0.0047) were higher on paved road, compared with off-road. The equivalent noise levels in the canvas covered rear compartment of MAN 4620 were significantly higher than in the cab on both paved (p=0.004) and off-road (p=0.0003). Peak noise levels in the cab of DAF 4440 exceeded the parameters measured in the canvas covered rear compartment on both paved (p=0.002) and off-road (p=0.0002). In most cases, peak noise levels were below the LLV (p=0.02\u20130.0001). The maximum noise exposure to passengers in the canvas covered rear compartment of MAN 4620 despite road surface was calculated 0.6 hours per working day.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A high risk of noise-induced hearing loss among military personnel occurs during long distance transportation with vehicles showing noise levels higher than allowed LLV.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/jramc-2018-001091","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,25]],"date-time":"2019-01-25T06:36:20Z","timestamp":1548398180000},"page":"214-220","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["In-vehicle noise exposure among military personnel depending on type of vehicle, riding compartment and road surface"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"166","author":[{"given":"Assar","family":"Luha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Technology, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E","family":"Merisalu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Technology, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Reinvee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Technology, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Kinnas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R","family":"J\u00f5geva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Estonian Defence Forces, V\u00f5ru, Estonia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H","family":"Orru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025081309212313000_166.4.214.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.4028\/www.scientific.net\/AMM.471.74","article-title":"Study of noise, vibration and harshness (NVH) for Malaysian army (MA) 3-tonne trucks","volume":"471","author":"Aziz","year":"2014","journal-title":"AMM"},{"key":"2025081309212313000_166.4.214.2","first-page":"1009","article-title":"Potential for improvement of comfort parameters in off-road vehicles of Serbian armed forces","volume":"21","author":"Mi\u0107ovi\u0107","year":"2014","journal-title":"Tehni\u010dki vjesnik"},{"key":"2025081309212313000_166.4.214.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.2486\/indhealth.45.318","article-title":"Measurement of noise and vibration in Canadian forces armoured vehicles","volume":"45","author":"Nakashima","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ind Health"},{"key":"2025081309212313000_166.4.214.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.4103\/1463-1741.31644","article-title":"Protection efficiency of hearing protectors against military noise from handheld weapons and vehicles","volume":"7","author":"P\u00e4\u00e4kk\u00f6nen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Noise Health"},{"key":"2025081309212313000_166.4.214.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.7205\/MILMED.173.9.906","article-title":"Military and leisure-time noise exposure and hearing thresholds of Finnish conscripts","volume":"173","author":"Jokitulppo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mil Med"},{"key":"2025081309212313000_166.4.214.6","unstructured":"Van Wijngaarden SJ , James S . 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