{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T21:26:45Z","timestamp":1790717205980,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004851","name":"New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004851","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U58\/DP002827"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U58\/DP002827"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Lupus Sci Med"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,3]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Epidemiological data for primary discoid lupus erythematosus (pDLE) remain limited, particularly for racial\/ethnic populations in the USA. The Manhattan Lupus Surveillance Program (MLSP) is a population-based retrospective registry of cases with SLE and related diseases including pDLE in Manhattan and was used to provide estimates of the prevalence and incidence of pDLE across major racial\/ethnic populations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>MLSP cases were identified from rheumatologists, hospitals and population databases. Two case definitions were used for pDLE: the primary case definition which was any physician diagnosis found in the chart and a secondary case definition which was limited to cases diagnosed by a rheumatologist and\/or dermatologist. Rates among Manhattan residents were age-adjusted, and capture\u2013recapture analyses were conducted to assess case under-ascertainment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Based on the primary definition, age-adjusted overall prevalence and incidence rates of pDLE among Manhattan residents were 6.5 and 0.8 per 100\u2009000 person-years, which increased to 9.0 and 1.3 after capture\u2013recapture adjustment. Prevalence and incidence rates were approximately two and six times higher, respectively, among women compared with men (p&lt;0.0001). Higher prevalence was also found among non-Latino blacks (23.5) and Latinos (8.2) compared with non-Latino whites (1.8) and non-Latino Asians (0.6) (p&lt;0.0001). Incidence was highest among non-Latino blacks (2.4) compared with all other racial\/ethnic groups. Similar relationships were observed for the secondary case definition.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data from the MLSP provide epidemiological estimates for pDLE among the major racial\/ethnic populations in the USA and reveal disparities in pDLE prevalence and incidence by sex and race\/ethnicity among Manhattan residents.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/lupus-2019-000344","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,31]],"date-time":"2019-10-31T06:26:06Z","timestamp":1572503166000},"page":"e000344","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Population-based prevalence and incidence estimates of primary discoid lupus erythematosus from the Manhattan Lupus Surveillance Program"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5445-2182","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Izmirly","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York City, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jill","family":"Buyon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York City, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H Michael","family":"Belmont","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York City, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Sahl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-University of California Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabella","family":"Wan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York City, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jane","family":"Salmon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Hospital for Special Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York City, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anca","family":"Askanase","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York City, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joan M","family":"Bathon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York City, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Geraldino-Pardilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York City, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yousaf","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ellen","family":"Ginzler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, State University of New York Downstate College of Medicine, Brooklyn, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3204-6068","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chaim","family":"Putterman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"Gordon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles","family":"Helmick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arthritis Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hilary","family":"Parton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New 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