{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T04:00:44Z","timestamp":1792555244312,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,23]],"date-time":"2024-05-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716422400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":22,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000098","name":"NIH Clinical Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 AR074096"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 AR074096"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000098","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Lupus Sci Med"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,15]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex systemic autoimmune disorder with no reliable serum biomarkers currently available other than autoantibodies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In the present study, isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation-based mass spectrometry was used to screen the sera of patients with SLE to uncover potential disease biomarkers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>85 common proteins were identified, with 16 being elevated (\u22651.3) and 23 being decreased (\u22640.7) in SLE. Of the 16 elevated proteins, serum alpha-1-microglobulin\/bikunin precursor (AMBP), zinc alpha-2 glycoprotein (AZGP) and retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) were validated in independent cross-sectional cohorts (Cohort I, N=52; Cohort II, N=117) using an orthogonal platform, ELISA. Serum AMBP, AZGP and RBP4 were validated to be significantly elevated in both patients with inactive SLE and patients with active SLE compared with healthy controls (HCs) (p&lt;0.05, fold change &gt;2.5) in Cohort I. All three proteins exhibited good discriminatory power for distinguishing active SLE and inactive SLE (area under the curve=0.82\u20130.96), from HCs. Serum AMBP exhibited the largest fold change in active SLE (5.96) compared with HCs and correlated with renal disease activity. The elevation in serum AMBP was validated in a second cohort of patients with SLE of different ethnic origins, correlating with serum creatinine (r=0.60, p&lt;0.001).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Since serum AMBP is validated to be elevated in SLE and correlated with renal disease, the clinical utility of this novel biomarker warrants further analysis in longitudinal cohorts of patients with lupus and lupus nephritis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/lupus-2022-000673","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,23]],"date-time":"2024-05-23T12:50:50Z","timestamp":1716468650000},"page":"e000673","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["iTRAQ-based mass spectrometry screen to identify serum biomarkers in systemic lupus erythematosus"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Kamala","family":"Vanarsa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ting","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jack","family":"Hutcheson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sneha Ravi","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satyavani","family":"Nukala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haleigh","family":"Inthavong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruce","family":"Stanley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Penn State, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tianfu","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3696-1228","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C C","family":"Mok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medicine, Tuen Mun Hospital, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramesh","family":"Saxena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7896-5740","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chandra","family":"Mohan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025091514454549000_11.1.e000673.1","first-page":"i32","article-title":"Systemic lupus erythematosus biomarkers: the challenging quest","volume":"56","author":"Arriens","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"2025091514454549000_11.1.e000673.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.179.10.7166"},{"key":"2025091514454549000_11.1.e000673.3","unstructured":"Celiac Disease Center . 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